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471.
Liu Y Kong GT Jia QY Wang F Xu RS Li FB Wang Y Zhou HR 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2007,42(2):219-227
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil properties on the heavy metal accumulation in flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) at the field scale. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and chromium (Cr) in topsoil and vegetable samples from Nanhai district of Foshan city in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) were analyzed. The results showed that 56.5% of the soil samples exceeded the grade II of the Chinese Soil Environmental Quality Standard (GB 15618-1995) for Hg concentrations, while 8.70% and 17.4% of the vegetable samples exceeded the criteria of the Chinese Safety Qualification of Agricultural Products (GB 18406.1-2001) for Cd and Hg concentrations, respectively. The calculated bio-concentration factor (BCF; i.e., the ratio of the metal concentration in the edible parts of flowering Chinese cabbage to that in soil) values were ranked as: Cd (0.1415) > Cr (0.0061) > Hg (0.0012) (p < 0.01), which demonstrated that Cd was easier to be accumulated in the edible parts of flowering Chinese cabbage than Hg and Cr. Furthermore, the following relationships between (bio-concentration factor) BCF values (BCFs) and soil physicochemical properties were concluded from our results: i) the mean BCFs of coarse-textured soils were higher than those of fine-textured soils; ii) the BCFs decreased with increasing soil pH; iii) the soils with high organic matter(OM) and Cation exchange capacity (CEC) have low BCFs, resulting from their high sorption capacities for Cd, Hg, and Cr. The stepwise linear multiple regression analyses showed that total metal concentrations and available calcium in soils were two main factors controlling the accumulation of Cd, Hg, and Cr in the flowering Chinese cabbage. 相似文献
472.
一种新的有机污染物C18 EmporeTM膜/水分配系数测定方法的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文采用C18Empore^TM膜替代正辛醇模拟生物体,建立了一套新的C18Empore^TM膜/水分配系数的测定方法,并从理论和实验两方面分析了C18Empore^TM膜/水分配 系数与正辛醇/水分配系数的异同点。实验结果表明,此法测定混合有机化合物的C18Empore^TM膜/水分配系数,可以取得较为满意的结果,这种新的有机污染物C18Empore^TM膜/水分配系数测定方法的建立,可为受污染可流中混合有机物生物富集因子(BCF)的预测和水环境纳污容量的评价提供技术支持,也为多经且分有机化合物定量结果-活性相关(QSARs)的研究和实际应用开辟广阔前景。 相似文献
473.
以水热晶化法合成了铜磷铝分子筛CuAPO-5,并用XRD、SEM,FT-IR,UV-Vis等对样品进行了表征,结果表明Cu2+进入到了AlPO4-5分子筛骨架中。研究了以CuAPO-5为催化剂, H2O2为氧化剂对水溶液中苯酚的催化氧化性能。在苯酚初始浓度200 mg/L 、H2O2添加量1 200 mg/L、pH值5.0、处理温度80 ℃时,处理240 min时苯酚去除率达到100%,TOC去除率达81.76%,析出到溶液中Cu2+浓度仅为0.527 mg/L。温度从40 ℃上升到80 ℃时,苯酚的去除率及TOC去除率明显增大,表明温度对催化剂的活性影响显著,相比于均相催化剂骨架Cu催化过氧化氢分解需要更多的能量。重复性实验表明,催化剂性能稳定。 相似文献
474.
基于超临界技术的印刷线路板资源化方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
印刷线路板的回收由于其结构和组成材料的复杂性,被认为是电子电器产品回收中的重点和难点之一。提出了将超临界流体技术应用于废弃印刷线路板的回收工艺,研究出了一种环境友好的废弃印刷线路板回收方法。建立了回收模型及回收实验平台,并使用正交实验设计方法对实验进行设计,利用SPSS分析软件对实验数据进行了分析研究并结合实际实验结果得出了最佳工艺参数。通过对反应生成物进行质谱分析,推测出了生成物的主要组分,并据此对反应机理进行了研究。 相似文献
475.
Adapting the RUSLE and GIS to model soil erosion risk in a mountains karst watershed, Guizhou Province, China 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Yue-Qing X Xiao-Mei S Xiang-Bin K Jian P Yun-Long C 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):275-286
Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem in Guizhou Province, which is located in the centre of the karst areas of
southwestern China. Unfortunately, Guizhou Province suffers from a lack of financial resources to research, monitor and model
soil erosion at large watershed. In order to assess the soil erosion risk, soil erosion modeling at the watershed scale are
urgently needed to be undertaken. This study integrated the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with a Geographic
Information System (GIS) to estimate soil loss and identify the risk erosion areas in the Maotiao River watershed, which is
a typical rural watershed in Guizhou Province. All factors used in the RUSLE were calculated for the watershed using local
data. It was classified into five categories ranging from minimal risk to extreme erosion risk depending on the calculated
soil erosion amount. The soil erosion map was linked to land use, elevation and slope maps to explore the relationship between
soil erosion and environmental factors and identify the areas of soil erosion risk. The results can be used to advice the
local government in prioritizing the areas of immediate erosion mitigation. The integrated approach allows for relatively
easy, fast, and cost-effective estimation of spatially distributed soil erosion. It thus indicates that RUSLE-GIS model is
a useful and efficient tool for evaluating and mapping soil erosion risk at a large watershed scale in Guizhou Province. 相似文献
476.
477.
Jun Yao Qingna Kong Wenbing Li Huayue Zhu DongSheng Shen 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(4):775-783
Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash was allowed to be disposed of with municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfill sites in the recently enacted standard of China. In this study, three sets of simulated landfill reactors, namely, conventional MSW landfill (CL), conventional MSWI bottom ash and MSW co-disposed landfill (CCL), and leachate recirculated MSWI bottom ash and MSW co-disposed landfill (RCL), were operated to investigate the environmental impact of the co-disposal. The effect of leachate recirculation on the migration of Cu and Zn in the co-disposed landfill was also presented. The results showed that the co-disposal of MSWI bottom ash with MSW would not enhance the leaching of Cu and Zn from landfill. However, the co-disposal increased the Cu and Zn contents of the refuse in the bottom layer of the landfill from 56.7 to 65.3 mg/kg and from 210 to 236 mg/kg, respectively. The recirculation of the leachate could further increase the Cu and Zn contents of the refuse in the bottom layer of the landfill to 72.9 and 441 mg/kg, respectively. Besides these observations, the results also showed that the co-disposed landfill with leachate recirculation could facilitate the stabilization of the landfill. 相似文献
478.
Yun Kong Liang Zhu Pei Zou Jiaoqin Qi Qi Yang Liming Song Xiangyang Xu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(5):3946-3954
An antialgal bacterium, Streptomyces sp. HJC-D1, was applied for the biodegradation of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, and the isolation and characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions in antialgal products were studied. Results showed the the growth of M. aeruginosa was significantly inhibited by the cell-free filtrate of Streptomyces sp. HJC-D1 with the growth inhibition of 86?±?7 %. The antialgal products were divided using resin adsorbents into the hydrophilic fraction (HPI), hydrophobic acid (HPO-A), transphilic acid (TPI-A), hydrophobic neutral and transphilic neutral, and then the five fractions were analyzed by the 3-D fluorescence spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the HPI component was the most abundant DOM fraction in the antialgal products, and its concentration was increased with the increase of cell-free filtrate concentration. The fluorescence peak location and intensity analysis showed that the protein-, fulvic-, and humic-like substances were dominant in the HPI, HPO-A, and TPI-A fractions, and intensities of the relevant fluorescence peaks were stronger in the experimental groups than those of the control groups. It was also found that the number-average molecular weight of DOM fractions ranged from 245 to 1,452 g mol?1, and thereinto organic acids such as HPO-A and TPI-A exhibited lower molecular weights. 相似文献
479.
Qingchun Huang Jihua Wu Yuping Kong Manhui Liu Song Cao 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):305-310
The photodynamic decomposition of two new insect-growth inhibitors (IGRs), 2-tert-butyl-5-[5′-aryl-2′-(1′,3′,4′-oxadiazolyl)methoxy]-3(2H)-pyridazinones (OPB) and its 4-chloro substituted derivative (OPC), and effect of surfactants on persistence of their bioactivity were taken into investigation. Both chemicals were significantly induced to photolysis by ultraviolet light at 365 nm wavelength and their inhibitory activities against Pseudaletia separata larvae decreased with the increasing irradiation time. However, irradiation at 254 nm wavelength didn't cause their photodegradation. Triton X-100 and Succinic-sulfonie acidic sodium but not Tween 60 possessed strong capability to slow down the decomposition and obviously prolonged the half life of OPC in laboratory and field whilst effects of the three surfactants almost did not preserve the inhibitory activity of OPB. Data suggested that electron-withdrawing halogen (?Cl) on the π electron system in planar benzene-oxadialyl structures might reduce the efficiency of OPC on ultraviolet (UV) photoabsorption, and its hydrophobic interaction with the surfactants might be beneficial for forming stable micellar solubilization, thus sustaining the chemical's bioactivity. 相似文献
480.
Fu-Liu Xu Xiang-Zhen Kong Wei He Ning Qin Ying Zhu Shu Tao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(4):2009-2019
The levels of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in the sediments from Haihe Plain, China, were measured by a gas chromatograph with a 63Ni microelectron capture detector. The spatial distributions, possible sources, and potential ecological risks of these compounds were analyzed. The residual level of total HCHs was 33.84?±?173.37 ng?g?1 dry weight (d.w.) with ranges of 0.13?~?1,107.41 ng?g?1 d.w. Much higher ΣHCH contents were found in the lower reaches of some rivers and in the mouth of the main stream receiving tributaries. The predominance of β-HCH (36 %) in the sediments was similar to that in the soils from Haihe Plain. The high percentages of γ-HCH (23–41 %) could be detected at 25 % of the sampling sites in the seven river systems. There were statistically significant positive relationships between the contents of HCHs and total organic carbon. Lindane was identified as the primary source of HCHs in the sediments, and it seemed that recent illegal lindane inputs still existed in some areas in Haihe Plain, as indicated by the α-/γ-HCH and β-/(α?+?γ)-HCH ratios. Severe potential ecological risks of γ-HCH to benthic organisms at some sampling sites were found based on the consensus-based sediment quality guidelines. 相似文献