工业企业可持续发展评价指标体系初探

从可持续发展的概念出发，对影响工业企业的经济，环境和企业的经济，环境和企业素质３个因素进行综合分析，建立了包括目标层，准则层，指标层，分指标层４个层次，主要由发展现状、发展协调度、发展潜力来进行综合评价的工业企业可持续发展评价指标体系，并对评价方法进行了简要分析，为进一步研究提供借鉴。     

加速我国环保产业的发展

简述了环保产业是未来世纪产业，介绍了国内外环保产业的现状及我国环保产业存在的问题，对发展我国环保产业提出了对策和建议。     

海南万泉河水资源保护规划研究

海南万泉河水资源保护规划研究宗子就，荆帆，沙平（北京有色冶金设计研究总院北京１０００３８）谢宁，蔡小平（琼海市环境资源局海南５７１４００）关键词水资源，水质控制目标，保护规划ＡＳＴＡＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＷＡＴＥＲＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＰＲＯＴＥＣＴＩＯＮＰＲＯＧ...     

柴油机排放碳颗粒物的催化燃烧

在热天平装置上考察了柴油机和碳颗粒物燃烧催化剂的活性，讨论了样品制备因素对样品失重的影响，这些因素包括碳颗粒物组成、催化剂栽体、催化剂与碳颗粒物质量比，着重筛选了催化剂的组份，得到了组份催化剂ＣｕＣｌ２－ＫＣｏ－ＮＨ４ＶＯ３其５５０℃焙烧后能使样品的Ｔｍ和Ｔｆ值都降低１８０℃以上，并对催化剂的热稳定性进行了研究。     

微波密封消解法快速测定CODcr

标准法──重铬酸钾法测定ＣＯＤＣｒ的缺点是测定时间长，氯离子干扰大。微波密封消解法对此进行了改进。实验结果表明，该法具有消解时间短，减轻了二次污染，准确度高，精密度好等优点，可同标准回流法等效使用。     

太原市土壤六六六和滴滴涕的暴露格局及健康风险

为研究六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)在太原市不同功能区土壤中的暴露格局、来源以及对周围人群的健康风险,在太原市化工区、灌区、矿区、生态区周边荒地土壤中进行采样,分析测定了土壤中HCHs和DDTs含量,根据太原市人群实际情况的暴露参数和USEPA的部分参数,对土壤HCHs和DDTs的健康风险进行评价。结果表明:1)太原市表层土壤中HCHs的平均含量大小依次为化工区>灌区>矿区>生态区;DDTs平均含量的大小依次为化工区>灌区>矿区>生态区,仅6%的HCHs和3%的DDTs和的平均残留水平均高于我国土壤质量标准一级标准,但均不超过二级标准值;2)土壤中HCHs残留主要源于历史上林丹的使用,DDTs残留则来源于历史和新污染源的共同影响;3)太原市表层土壤HCHs和DDTs致癌风险大小为化工园区>矿区>灌区>生态区。非致癌风险大小为化工区>矿区>灌区>生态区。3种暴露途径的在不同功能区的健康风险贡献率大小均为经口摄入>呼吸吸入>皮肤接触;综合来看太原市表层土壤中的HCHs和DDTs并未对人类造成非致癌风险,但有一定的致癌风险。本文的研究结果可为太原市土壤质量评价和环境污染防治提供科学指导,并对太原市人群的健康风险防治提供依据。     

Cadmium accumulation characteristics of floricultural plant Cosmos bipinnata*

The artificially high soil cadmium (Cd) concentration screening method was used to screen Cd-hyperaccumulators from floricultural plants. Among the five species of floricultural plants screened, Cosmos bipinnata showed the characteristics of Cd-accumulators. A pot experiment was conducted to further study Cd accumulation characteristics of C. bipinnata. The results showed that the biomass, chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity and soluble protein content of C. bipinnata first increased and later decreased with the increase in soil Cd concentration, but the carotenoid content and catalase activity of C. bipinnata reduced. Cd contents in roots, stems, leaves and shoots of C. bipinnata increased with increasing soil Cd concentration. When the soil Cd concentration was 50?mg?kg^?1, the Cd content in shoots was up to 112.62?mg?kg^?1, which was higher than the Cd-hyperaccumulator critical value. The root and shoot bioconcentration factors exceeded 1 in various Cd treatments, but the translocation factors were less than 1. When the soil Cd concentration was 50?mg?kg^?1, the Cd accumulation in shoots achieved the maximum of 224.30?μg plant^?1. Therefore, considering the tolerance and accumulation of Cd, C. bipinnata is a Cd-accumulator that could be used to remediate Cd-contaminated urban soil.     

Simulation of dam/levee-break hydrodynamics with a three-dimensional implicit unstructured-mesh finite element model

Dam failures usually cause huge economic and life losses , especially in urban areas where there is a high concentration of inhabitants and economic actors. In order to understand the physical mechanisms of the formation and development of dam-break flooding, lots of efforts have been put into different types of modelling techniques. However, most of existing models are 1D (one-dimensional) or 2D models based on the shallow water equations. In this paper, we present a 3D numerical modelling investigation of dam-break flow hydrodynamics in an open L-shape channel. A newly developed 3D unstructured mesh finite element model is used here. An absorption-like term is introduced to the Navier–Stokes equations in order to control the conditioning of the matrix equation in the numerical solution process and thus improve the stability. A wetting and drying algorithm is used here to allow the free surface height to be treated with a high level of implicitness and stability. The 3D model has been validated by comparing the results with the published experimental data. Good agreement has been achieved at six selected locations. This study shows that the 3D unstructured mesh model is capable of capturing the 3D hydraulic aspects and complicated local flows around structures in simulation of dam-break flows.     

环境思想史和环境科学历史发展

人类主体与环境客体的相分导致明确环境概念的产生。人类产生过“环境决定论”、“环境可能论”和“人类中心论”等环境思想。对日趋严重的环境问题的认识中产生“环境报复论”和“环境和谐论”等思想,推动了环境科学的诞生和发展。环境科学发展了“环境质量学说”,正将注意力转向社会与环境协调发展上。环境科学仍处于发展与完善之中。     

重视开发非粘土砖墙体建材的负面环境影响

开发非粘土砖墙体建材应重视它们的隔声、抗震、放射性及隔热等性能是否符合技术标准,避免产生新的社会和环境问题。同时应严格技术考核,政府的倾斜政策也应合理、适度。