Biodegradation and bio-sorption of antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs using immobilized cell process

In the present study, the removal mechanisms of four antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, and trimethoprim) and four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen) in immobilized cell process were investigated using batch reactors. This work principally explores the individual or collective roles of biodegradation and bio-sorption as removal routes of the target pharmaceuticals and the results were validated by various experimental and analytical tools. Biodegradation and bio-sorption were found as dominant mechanisms for the drug removal, while volatilization and hydrolysis were negligible for all target pharmaceuticals. The target pharmaceuticals responded to the two observed removal mechanisms in different ways, typically: (1) strong biodegradability and bio-sorption by acetaminophen, (2) strong biodegradability and weak bio-sorption by sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, ibuprofen and naproxen, (3) low biodegradability and weak bio-sorption by sulfamethazine and ketoprofen, and (4) low biodegradability and medium bio-sorption by trimethoprim. In the sorption/desorption experiment, acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole and sulfadimethoxine were characterized by strong sorption and weak desorption. A phenomenon of moderate sorption and well desorption was observed for sulfamethazine, trimethoprim and naproxen. Both ibuprofen and ketoprofen were weakly sorbed and strongly desorbed.     

响应面法优化甘蔗渣-污泥复合活性炭的制备工艺

为了提高污泥活性炭的吸附性能以提升其实际应用价值,提出在污泥中掺杂甘蔗渣制备复合活性炭,并采用Plackett-Burman联用响应面法对影响复合活性炭碘值的条件进行筛选优化。通过Plackett-Burman实验筛选出热解温度、热解时间和甘蔗渣与污泥干重比为主要影响因素,对这3个因素进行Box-Behnken实验,经响应面优化得到影响碘值的二次响应曲面模型,模型显示热解温度与热解时间、热解温度与干重比的交互作用显著,并确定了最佳制备条件:热解温度550℃、热解时间30 min和干重比50%,此时复合活性炭碘值为814 mg/g,优于未优化条件下制备的复合活性炭。通过比表面积、孔结构和碘值的测定以及元素和扫描电镜分析得出,甘蔗渣的掺杂提高了复合活性炭的比表面积、微孔体积、碘值及含碳量。研究结果表明,甘蔗渣掺杂和制备条件优化是提高污泥活性炭吸附性能的有效手段。     

神经网络及其在水库调洪演算中的应用

结合洪水灾害管理的特点建立了水库调洪演算的人工神经网络模型，阐述了其基本原理及算法，并结合某水库调洪演算实例说明了其应用。     

BP人工神经网络预测邻苯二甲酸酯光化学降解

将反向传播人工神经网络（BP－ANN）用于邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的光化学降解的预测中，选取正交设计的试验点作为反向传播人工神经网络的训练集，实现对全实验域试验点的预测，并与实测的试验数据比较。结果表明反向传播人工神经网络（BP－ANN）具有良好的预测能力。     

双台子河流域综合水质评价方法的对比研究

本研究利用双台子河2011年枯、丰、平水期的22个水文监测断面数据,并借助主成份分析法,确定主要污染因子和超标断面。分别采用综合标识指数、单因子、模糊评判、灰色关联四种评价法,选取DO、COD、NH3-N、TP、TN、BOD 6个评价因子,对河流水污染特性进行综合评价与分析。结果表明:以Bartlett球度检验,主成份因子负荷值较高的NH3-N、TP、BOD因子,累积方差贡献率91.97%,主要污染因子;超标断面的污染因子判别应考虑周边污染源的类型和河流上游的排放物浓度。模糊评判、灰色关联评价结果中均没有劣V类,两者的水质类别累积频率均在V类到达100%;考虑到单因子法在同一水质类别中不能判定多项因子共同对水体的综合影响,本文采用标识指数法为最佳评价方法。从枯、丰、平水期的劣V类和V类断面比重分析,枯水期>平水期>丰水期。从劣V类和V类数量与分布来看,盘锦市辖区控制单元的污染程度,比大洼县和盘山县污染较重。     

“十五”环境规划编制方法的改革

在分析中长期环境规划发展趋势的基础上,结合可持续发展的要求,从6个方面探讨了“十五”环境规划编制方法的改革与创新的具体方案。     

基于敏感目标被访问概率法的长江口水域溢油风险区划研究

以上海市长江口主要环境敏感目标为研究对象,利用Oilmap被访问概率模型计算青草沙集中式饮用水水源地、东滩湿地国家级自然保护区、城市岸线旅游区域、渔业捕捞区等长江口主要生态环境敏感目标的溢油风险概率,构建了基于溢油发生概率、影响因子、气象水文条件、敏感目标敏感系数的溢油风险指数体系,形成了长江口溢油风险二级分区区划。根据溢油风险指数,划定上海长江口水域溢油高风险区、较高风险区、中风险区、低风险区4个级别,各风险级别面积分别为335、2 375、5 695和3 068 km²。针对长江口水源地溢油风险防控区等4类重点防控区,提出分区分级分类防控要求建议,明确不同分区首要防护目标,并按分级管控要求提出不同区域预警防控等级。

     

污染源普查后区域环境管理应用探讨

在第二次全国污染源普查的基础上,利用污染源普查期间配置的软硬件,开发市级区域环境污染源管理平台,进行污染源数据的年度更新,拓展污染源普查软件应用,实现环境管理及环境执法移动终端的应用。拓展二污普一张图的功能,利用移动客户端机动实时及地定位导航等为环境管理执法和环境突发事件应急处置提供技术支持。     

课证融合模式下实训教学改革研究

课证融合模式就是将课程与职业资格证书相结合的教学模式,是对职业教学改革的探索。但当前存在的实训教学标准模糊、校企合作实训教学条件不足、教师队伍转型滞后、教材开发混乱等现象严重阻碍了课证融合模式的推行,职业院校应当从明确考核评价标准、改进培养方案、加大双师教师的引进和培养、科学开发实训教材等途径进行尝试,推进课证融合。     

Biotreatment of chromite ore processing residue by Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB

Chromite ore processing residues (COPR) is the source of the Cr(VI) contamination in the environment. Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB was used to treat two different types of COPRs in this research. The water-soluble Cr(VI) of COPR A and B is 3,982.9 and 1,181.4 mg/kg, respectively. In the column biotreatment process, P. phragmitetus BB can reduce Cr(VI) in the leachate to an undetectable level at the flow rate of 1 and 2 ml/min. In the direct biotreatment process, Cr(VI) in the liquid supernatant of COPR A and B decreased from 265 and 200 mg/l to 145 and 40 mg/kg after 240 h of incubation. In one-step and two-step biotreatment processes, Cr(VI) in the liquid supernatant of both COPRs can be reduced to an undetectable level. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure results indicate that the Cr(VI) concentration of treated COPR A (3.48 mg/l) is lower than the identification standards for hazardous wastes of China (5 mg/l) (GB 5085.6-2007). The information obtained in this study has significance for the application of P. phragmitetus BB to remediate COPR contamination.