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161.
Sara H. Williams Sarah A. Scriven David F. R. P. Burslem Jane K. Hill Glen Reynolds Agnes L. Agama Frederick Kugan Colin R. Maycock Eyen Khoo Alexander Y. L. Hastie John B. Sugau Reuben Nilus Joan T. Pereira Sandy L. T. Tsen Leung Y. Lee Suzika Juiling Jenny A. Hodgson Lydia E. S. Cole Gregory P. Asner Luke J. Evans Jedediah F. Brodie 《Conservation biology》2020,34(4):934-942
Conservation planning tends to focus on protecting species’ ranges or landscape connectivity but seldom both—particularly in the case of diverse taxonomic assemblages and multiple planning goals. Therefore, information on potential trade-offs between maintaining landscape connectivity and achieving other conservation objectives is lacking. We developed an optimization approach to prioritize the maximal protection of species’ ranges, ecosystem types, and forest carbon stocks, while also including habitat connectivity for range-shifting species and dispersal corridors to link protected area. We applied our approach to Sabah, Malaysia, where the state government mandated an increase in protected-area coverage of approximately 305,000 ha but did not specify where new protected areas should be. Compared with a conservation planning approach that did not incorporate the 2 connectivity features, our approach increased the protection of dispersal corridors and elevational connectivity by 13% and 21%, respectively. Coverage of vertebrate and plant species’ ranges and forest types were the same whether connectivity was included or excluded. Our approach protected 2% less forest carbon and 3% less butterfly range than when connectivity features were not included. Hence, the inclusion of connectivity into conservation planning can generate large increases in the protection of landscape connectivity with minimal loss of representation of other conservation targets. 相似文献
162.
Identification of redundant air quality measurements through the use of principal component analysis
J.C.M. Pires M.C. Pereira M.C.M. Alvim-Ferraz F.G. Martins 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(25):3837-3842
This study aims to show how principal component analysis (PCA) can be used to identify redundant measurements in air quality monitoring networks. The minimum number of air quality monitoring sites in Oporto Metropolitan Area (Oporto-MA) was evaluated using PCA and then compared to the one settled by the legislation. Nine sites, monitoring NO2, O3 and PM10, were selected and the air pollutant concentrations were analysed from January 2003 to December 2005. PCA was applied to the data corresponding to the first two years that were divided into annual quarters to verify the persistence of the PCA results. The number of principal components (PCs) was selected by applying two criteria: Kaiser (PCs with eigenvalues greater than 1) and ODV90 (PCs representing at least 90% of the original data variance). Each pollutant was analysed separately. The two criteria led to different results. Using Kaiser criterion for the eight analysed periods, two PCs were selected in: (i) five periods for O3 and PM10; and (ii) six periods for NO2. These PCs had important contributions of the same groups of monitoring sites. The percentage of the original data variance contained in the selected PCs using this criterion was always below 90%. Thus, the results obtained using ODV90 were considered with more confidence. Using this criterion, only five monitoring sites for NO2, three for O3 and seven for PM10 were needed to characterize the region. The number of monitoring sites for NO2 and O3 was in agreement with what was established by the legislation. However, for PM10, Oporto-MA needed two more monitoring sites. To validate PCA results, statistical models were determined to estimate air pollutant concentrations at removed monitoring sites using the concentrations measured at the remaining monitoring sites. These models were applied to a year's data. The good performance obtained by the models showed that the monitoring sites selected by the procedure presented in this study were enough to infer the air pollutant concentrations in the region defined by the initial monitoring sites. Additionally, the air pollutant analysers corresponding to the redundant measurements can be installed in non-monitored regions, allowing the enlargement of the air quality monitoring network. 相似文献
163.
Tânia Rodrigues Pereira Ramos Maria Isabel Gomes Ana Paula Barbosa-Póvoa 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(8):1691-1703
This research has been motivated by a real-life problem of a waste cooking oil collection system characterized by the existence of multiple depots with an outsourced vehicle fleet, where the collection routes have to be plan. The routing problem addressed allows open routes between depots, i.e., all routes start at one depot but can end at the same or at a different one, depending on what minimizes the objective function considered. Such problem is referred as a Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem with Mixed Closed and Open Inter-Depot Routes and is, in this paper, modeled through a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation where capacity and duration constraints are taken into account. The model developed is applied to the real case study providing, as final results, the vehicle routes planning where a decrease of 13% on mileage and 11% on fleet hiring cost are achieved, when comparing with the current company solution. 相似文献
164.
Diamantino Insua Pereira Paulo Pereira José Brilha Leonardo Santos 《Environmental management》2013,52(3):541-552
Geodiversity is considered as the natural range of geological, geomorphological, and soil features, including their assemblages, relationships, properties, interpretations, and systems. A method developed for the quantitative assessment of geodiversity was applied to Paraná, a Brazilian state with an area of about 200,000 km2. The method is based on the overlay of a grid over different maps at scales ranging from 1/500,000 to 1/650,000, with the final Geodiversity Index the sum of five partial indexes calculated on a 25 × 25 km grid. The partial indexes represent the main components of geodiversity, including geology (stratigraphy and lithology), geomorphology, paleontology, and soils. The fifth partial index covers mineral occurrences of geodiversity, such precious stones and metals, energy and industrial minerals, mineral waters, and springs. The Geodiversity Index takes the form of an isoline map that can be used as a tool in land-use planning, particularly in identifying priority areas for conservation, management, and use of natural resources at the state level. 相似文献
165.
Silveira Elaine Divina Rodrigues Benvindo-Souza Marcelino Assis Rhayane Alves dos Santos Cirley Gomes Araújo de Lima Amorim Nathan Pereira Borges Rinneu Elias de Melo Celine de Souza Santos Lia Raquel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(10):14279-14287
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Free-living birds play an important role as bioindicators in natural environments. In this study, we used the micronucleus test and nuclear... 相似文献
166.
Daniela Bueno Sudatti Mutue Toyota Fujii Silvana Vianna Rodrigues Alexander Turra Renato Crespo Pereira 《Marine Biology》2011,158(7):1439-1446
Laurencia dendroidea shows high inter- and intrapopulation variability in the amount of the sesquiterpene elatol, caused by genetic variation
as well as environmental factors. To test the independent effect of physical and nutritional conditions, the growth and the
levels of elatol in L. dendroidea clones were evaluated under different conditions of temperature, salinity, irradiance, and culture medium in the laboratory.
Growth of L. dendroidea was clearly affected by all these factors, but elatol levels were influenced only by temperature and salinity. Better conditions
for growth did not produce a similar effect on elatol production in L. dendroidea, contradicting the carbon/nutrient balance and growth/differentiation balance models. On the contrary, severe conditions
of temperature and salinity promoted a decrease in elatol levels, as predicted by the environmental stress model. Our results
using clones indicated that abiotic factors clearly take part in fostering chemical variations observed in natural populations,
in addition to genetic factors, and can promote differential susceptibility of plant specimens to natural enemies. 相似文献
167.
An ecotoxicological screening of environmental samples collected in the vicinity of rice fields followed a combination of physical and chemical measurements and chronic bioassays with two freshwater trophic levels (microalgae: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris; daphnids: Daphnia longispina and Daphnia magna). As so, water and sediment/soil elutriate samples were obtained from three sites: (1) in a canal reach crossing a protected wetland upstream, (2) in a canal reach surrounded by rice fields and (3) in a rice paddy. The sampling was performed before and during the rice culture. During the rice cropping, the whole system quality decreased comparatively to the situation before that period (e.g. nutrient overload, the presence of pesticides in elutriates from sites L2 and L3). This was reinforced by a significant inhibition of both microalgae growth, especially under elutriates. Contrary, the life-history traits of daphnids were significantly stimulated with increasing concentrations of water and elutriates, for both sampling periods. 相似文献
168.
Rodrigues Mesquita Tayane Cristiele Pereira Rosa André de Oliveira Santos Thales Felício Carraro Borges Alisson Calijuri Maria Lúcia de Paula Souza Francianny Maria 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(36):50001-50016
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To investigate the feasibility of implementing decentralized sewage treatment systems aiming to meet environmental standards, the performance of three... 相似文献
169.
Romanelli João Paulo Gonçalves Maria Carolina Pereira de Abreu Pestana Luís Fernando Soares Jéssica Akemi Hitaka Boschi Raquel Stucchi Andrade Daniel Fernandes 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(43):60448-60458
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The evidence base in environmental sciences is increasing steadily. Environmental researchers have been challenged to handle massive volumes of data... 相似文献
170.