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61.
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli Alessandro Abbà Sabrina Sorlini Matteo Bruggi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(4):1374-1383
The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of solid residues derived from municipal solid waste-derived solid recovered fuel incinerated in a circulating fluidized-bed boiler for concrete production. The concrete mixtures casted by partially replacing the natural aggregates with bottom ash (27 %) and exhausted sand (13 %), according to the European standards for concrete, may be classified in the C16/20 class. The leaching tests performed on monolithic concrete samples showed that the concentrations measured in the leachates were lower than limit values for waste recovery, with the only exception of nickel for the mixture made with the exhausted sand. 相似文献
62.
Pier Vellinga 《Integrated Assessment》2000,1(2):157-163
Human induced climate change is one of the single most significant indicators that human society is not pursuing a sustainable
trajectory. Managing the risks requires a major transformation of the way energy needs are met. Such a transformation includes
changes in the production and consumption system and the incentive structure that shapes this system. The major driving force
for transformation is the public concern about the environmental impact of the present fossil fuel based energy system. We
may expect that energy producers, encouraged by governments, NGOs and consumer preferences will be responding to these concerns
and expectations sooner or later. In fact a number of major international energy companies are presently adjusting their strategies
to the needs and concerns of the public. A mix of measures including energy efficiency, a switch to natural gas, major investments
in low carbon and renewable energy technologies and underground storage of carbon are elements of such new strategies. Consumers
in a number of OECD countries have expressed their willingness to pay more for energy, provided it is green and clean. NGOs
continue to put pressure on governments to deal with the climate problem. The challenge for governments is to develop an institutional
framework that helps the producers and consumers to go through a transformation of the energy system. As different groups
in society are likely to support different strategies, this paper suggests that a pluralistic policy approach including efficiency
standards, renewable energy portfolio standards, carbon taxes, and the introduction of a system of tradable emission permits
is the most promising approach for a transformation towards a low carbon energy economy. Research can support a transformation
of the energy system by exploring the various transformation scenarios. Such research should take a multi-disciplinary approach,
it should focus on the energy system as a whole, including production, consumption and the incentive structure that shapes
the interaction between the two and it should be international in scope.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
63.
The scientific literature regarding HEMS (Helicopter Emergency Medical Service) planning lacks a method for defining optimal sites for helipads that takes into account risk distribution and hospital location. Such a method could minimise overall rescue time in emergency situations. In this paper a method that supports the decisions taken by disaster planners and managers is developed, focusing on the quantification of necessary air resources for the management of some probable calamities. Given a region characterised by a natural and non-natural disaster risk map, along with a comprehensive transport system (also characterised by a risk map), a set of emergency destinations (hospitals), a set of heliports/helipads dislocated on the territory and a number of available HEMS rotorcraft, the aim of the paper is to assess the adequacy of the VTOL/FATO (Vertical Take-Off and Landing/Final Take-Off and Landing Area) system in order to deal with a set of possible emergencies. 相似文献
64.
Competences over environmental matters are distributed across agencies at different scales on a national-to-local continuum.
This article adopts a transaction costs economics perspective in order to explore the question whether, in the light of a
particular problem, the scale at which a certain competence is attributed can be reconsidered. Specifically, it tests whether
a presumption of least-cost operation concerning an agency at a given scale can hold. By doing so, it investigates whether
the rescaling of certain tasks, aiming at solving a scale-related problem, is likely to produce an increase in costs for day-to-day
agency operations as compared to the status quo. The article explores such a perspective for the case of Venice Lagoon. The
negative aspects of the present arrangement concerning fishery management and morphological remediation are directly linked
to the scale of the agencies involved. The analysis suggests that scales have been chosen correctly, at least from the point
of view of the costs incurred to the agencies involved. Consequently, a rescaling of those agencies does not represent a viable
option. 相似文献
65.
Alessandro Fumagalli Bruno Faggion Matteo Ronchini Giorgio Terzaghi Marco Lanfranchi Nicola Chirico Laura Cherchi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(3):665-673
Background, aim, and scope
The widespread use of some platinum group elements as catalysts to minimize emission of pollutants from combustion engines produced a constantly growing increase of the concentration of these elements in the environment; their potential toxicological properties explain the increasing interest in routine easy monitoring. We have found that leaves of Prunus laurus cerasus are efficient collectors of particulate with a dimension <60–80 μm, and a simple and reliable procedure was developed to reveal traces of platinum, palladium, and rhodium released from automotive catalysts. The analysis of the dust deposited on the foliage is a direct indicator of traffic pollution. 相似文献66.
Matteo C. Romano Paolo Chiesa Giovanni Lozza 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2010,4(5):785-797
Among the various configurations of fossil fuel power plants with carbon capture, this paper focuses on pre-combustion techniques applied to natural gas combined cycles. With more detail, the plant configuration here addressed includes: (i) the steam reforming of natural gas, based on an air-blown autothermal process, following a recuperative pre-reforming treatment, (ii) the water gas shift producing CO2 and H2, (iii) the separation of CO2 by means of a mixed physical–chemical absorption system using a MDEA solution, and (iv) a hydrogen fuelled combined cycle.Similar configurations have been studied quite extensively, being among the most attractive for full-scale realizations in a near-mid term future. This paper proposes a detailed thermodynamic study and optimization of the plant configuration, bringing to a reliable performance estimation based on today's best available technology as far as the various plant sections are concerned (gas and steam turbine, natural gas reforming process, CO2 separation). The predicted LHV efficiency for the base configuration is about 50%. Being this value at the top of the range quoted in the open literature studies (35–50%), the paper includes a quite extensive sensitivity analysis, showing that more conservative assumptions may bring to significantly poorer performance, especially considering the pretty large number of operating parameters involved in the process. 相似文献
67.
Juan Manuel de Andrés Michel Vedrenne Matteo Brambilla Encarnación Rodríguez 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2019,69(1):23-33
A model was developed to simulate the sewage sludge gasification in an atmospheric fluidised bed gasifier using Aspen Plus. The model here presented was based on the Gibbs free energy minimisation and the restricted equilibrium method was used to calibrate it against previously published experimental data obtained in a lab-scale gasification plant. A sensitivity analysis of the model was carried out by modifying parameters such as the temperature, equivalence ratio (ER) and the steam-to-biomass ratio. The modeled results were in good agreement with the experimental data (especially when air was used as gasifying agent) and reproduced satisfactorily the experimental trends found for the gas composition, the carbon conversion (Xc) and the cold gas efficiency (CGE) under different gasification conditions. Operating at higher temperatures increased the production of H2 and CO, as well as the Xc and the CGE. The increase in ER produced higher Xc, yet the CGE experienced slight changes due to a decrease in the lower heating value of the resulting syngas, as well as the oxidation of combustible gases. The use of air+steam as gasifying agent increased the H2 content of the produced gases but decreased the accuracy of the model.
Implications: Gasification is an available alternative to produce energy as well as several raw materials from sewage sludge. The syngas obtained from this technology totally depends on the type of gasifier and the operation conditions, which can be optimized with the help of models. In this work, a relatively simple model was built using ASPEN PLUS. Despite its simplicity, the outputs of the model are in good agreement with experimental results what makes its use interesting for assessing scaling-up possibilities from lab-scale to pilot-scale gasification processes. 相似文献
68.
Lorenzo Serra Simone Pirrello Manuela Caprioli Matteo Griggio Alessandro Andreotti Andrea Romano Andrea Pilastro Nicola Saino Roberto Sacchi Paolo Galeotti Mauro Fasola Fernando Spina Diego Rubolini 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(5):697-709
In seasonally fluctuating environments, timing of reproduction is a crucial determinant of fitness. Studies of birds show that late breeding attempts generally result in offspring of lower reproductive value, with lower recruitment and long-term survival prospects. Several proximate mechanisms, including a seasonal decline of immune system functioning, may lead to a seasonal decline of offspring fitness. We investigated seasonal variation in offspring quality by subjecting first- and second-brood chicks of a sexually size dimorphic species, the European starling Sturnus vulgaris, to an immune challenge with a bacterial endotoxin (LPS), and evaluated their growth and physiological response in terms of total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC), concentration of reactive oxygen metabolites and hematocrit. LPS challenge did not affect chick growth or oxidative status. However, hematocrit of second-brood chicks was higher in LPS chicks compared to controls. Body mass halfway through the rearing period (days?8–9 post-hatching), TAC and hematocrit were lower among second- vs. first-brood chicks. Interestingly, sexual dimorphism in body mass at days?8–9 post-hatching markedly differed between broods, first-brood males being 4.7% and second-brood males 22.7% heavier than their sisters, respectively. Pre-fledging mortality occurred among second-brood chicks only and was strongly female-biased. Our findings suggest that starling chicks, even if in poor conditions, are little affected by a bacterial challenge, at least in the short-term. Moreover, our study indicates that sex differences in body size, possibly mediated by sex-specific maternal investment in egg size, may heavily impact on pre-fledging survival in a different way in the course of the breeding season, resulting in sex-specific seasonal decline of offspring fitness. Finally, we suggest that levels of circulating antioxidants should be regarded among the proximate causes of the association between timing of fledging and long-term survival in avian species. 相似文献
69.
Valeria Andreotti Anuta Chindris Gianni Brundu Dario Vallainc Matteo Francavilla Joan García 《Chemistry and Ecology》2017,33(8):750-761
Current aquaculture practices have a detrimental impact on the environment, in particular due to the release of high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus that can induce eutrophication. This study investigates and compares the capacity of three microalgae species Tetraselmis suecica, Isochrysis galbana and Dunaliella tertiolecta, in the bioremediation of grey mullet Mugil cephalus wastewater. The experiment was conducted in batch conditions for 7 days using completely mixed bubble column photobioreactors. After two days, T. suecica and D. tertiolecta were able to remove more than 90% of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorous (DIP), whereas I. galbana removed only 32% and 79% of DIN and DIP, respectively. A higher biomass yield resulted for T. suecica (603?±?34?mg/L, mean?±?SE). This study confirms the potential to employ T. suecica in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture system for bioremediation of wastewater and identifies D. tertiolecta as another valid candidate species. Moreover, these species can growth in unsterilized culture media, and this reduces energy consumption, costs and efforts. 相似文献
70.
Simone Vincenzi Matteo ZucchettaPiero Franzoi Michele PellizzatoFabio Pranovi Giulio A. De LeoPatrizia Torricelli 《Ecological modelling》2011,222(8):1471-1478
We present a modelling framework that combines machine learning techniques and Geographic Information Systems to support the management of an important aquaculture species, Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). We use the Venice lagoon (Italy), the first site in Europe for the production of R. philippinarum, to illustrate the potential of this modelling approach. To investigate the relationship between the yield of R. philippinarum and a set of environmental factors, we used a Random Forest (RF) algorithm. The RF model was tuned with a large data set (n = 1698) and validated by an independent data set (n = 841). Overall, the model provided good predictions of site-specific yields and the analysis of marginal effect of predictors showed substantial agreement among the modelled responses and available ecological knowledge for R. philippinarum. The most influent environmental factors for yield estimation were percentage of sand in the sediment, salinity, and water depth. Our results agree with findings from other North Adriatic lagoons. The application of the fitted RF model to continuous maps of all the environmental variables allowed estimates of the potential yield for the whole basin. Such a spatial representation enabled site-specific estimates of yield in different farming areas within the lagoon. We present a possible management application of our model by estimating the potential yield under the current farming distribution and comparing it to a proposed re-organization of the farming areas. Our analysis suggests a reduction of total yield is likely to result from the proposed re-organization. 相似文献