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411.
Mussel transplantation and biomarkers as useful tools for assessing water quality in the NW Mediterranean 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Roméo M Hoarau P Garello G Gnassia-Barelli M Girard JP 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,122(3):369-378
Mussels, coming from an aquaculture farm located in a clean open bay, were transplanted to several stations of the bays of Nice and Cannes (NW Mediterranean) including a reference site for one month at three periods. Several biomarkers: activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST; exposure to organics), of catalase (exposure to oxidative stress) and of acetylcholinesterase (inhibited by some pesticides) and the lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances: TBARS) were measured in transplanted mussels. Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations were also measured as well as their condition index. The results demonstrated some seasonal variations in GST and catalase activities with higher levels in June compared to October. The condition index was also higher in June than in October. Principal component analyses performed with the whole set of data allowed to separate stations or groups of stations according to their responses. The mussels from the harbour of Nice were characterized by high TBARS levels and catalase activity in October 1999 whereas in the harbour of Cannes, animals presented very high copper concentrations and GST activities in June 2000. At the reference site, mussels generally presented low enzymatic activities (except AChE activity) and peroxidation levels and low heavy metal concentrations. 相似文献
412.
413.
Agns Jullien Pierre Monron Gaetana Quaranta David Gaillard 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2006,47(4):356-374
An experimental study of road building and recycling of used pavement has been conducted within the framework of a Life Cycle Analysis. Four equivalent asphalt concretes made with different recycling rates have been investigated during road construction. Airborne emissions, pollutant release over time and odor production related to asphalt laying have all been determined and compared among the various recycling rates. All of the results (VOC, PAH and odors), expressed in terms of concentrations and fluxes, exhibit quite monotonic variations with respect to the recycling rate. These results, however, did not reveal the same trend as a function of the recycling rate (increases or decreases), depending on the selected target parameter (VOC or PAH). Indicators have been proposed for a discussion of results that take into account: (i) raw material emissions with respect to the reference defined in the case of pavement without reclaimed asphalt; and (ii) emissions in each case from all material production sources. 相似文献
414.
Anne Calmon F. Silvestre Véronique Bellon-Maurel Jean-Michel Roger Pierre Feuilloley 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1999,7(3):135-144
In the present project, twenty materials (e.g., polyhydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate, polycaprolactone, cellulose acetate, polyacticacid, polyethylene), representing varied biodegradability levels were studied. An aerobic respirometric test, based on the CEN Draft, was setup. The biodegradability of each plastic film was evaluated by measuring the percentage of carbon converted into CO2 during 35 days. The values of the CO2 production were plotted versus days as a cumulative function. In order to reduce its number of points, the cumulative curve was modeled using a sigmoïd function (Hill sigmoïd). This model was compared to one found in the literature. A
i
2
test showed that the biodegradation curve was more accurately fitted with the model than the previous one. Three kinetic parameters were determined by this Hill model: one represents the maximal percentage of carbon converted into CO2, the second the half-life time in days of the degrading part of the material and the third one the curve radius.In addition, the following analyses were carried out on each sample: elemental analysis, thickness, hydrophobicity and surface free energy measurements. In order to compress the information and to keep only relevant pieces, these parameters were submitted to a Principal Component Analysis. PCA found linear combinations of variables that describe major trends in the data. The two principal components which separate groups of materials were closely related to a chemical and a physical axis respectively. Materials showing a high biodegradability were related to high oxygen (and nitrogen) contents and low hydrophobicity: Material thickness did not influence the likeliness to biodegradability described by the maximum biodegradation rate. Finally, this study established the correlation between the biodegradation and the structure of biopolymers. 相似文献
415.
Victor Bandaly Aurélie Joubert Pierre Le Cann Yves Andres 《Food and environmental virology》2017,9(4):464-472
One of the most important topics that occupy public health problems is the air quality. That is the reason why mechanical ventilation and air handling units (AHU) were imposed by the different governments in the collective or individual buildings. Many buildings create an artificial climate using heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. Among the existing aerosols in the indoor air, we can distinguish the bioaerosol with biological nature such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Respiratory viral infections are a major public health issue because they are usually highly infective. We spend about 90% of our time in closed environments such as homes, workplaces, or transport. Some studies have shown that AHU contribute to the spread and transport of viral particles within buildings. The aim of this work is to study the characterization of viral bioaerosols in indoor environments and to understand the fate of mengovirus eukaryote RNA virus on glass fiber filter F7 used in AHU. In this study, a set-up close to reality of AHU system was used. The mengovirus aerosolized was characterized and measured with the electrical low pressure impact and the scanner mobility particle size and detected with RT-qPCR. The results about quantification and the level of infectivity of mengovirus on the filter and in the biosampler showed that mengovirus can pass through the filter and remain infectious upstream and downstream the system. Regarding the virus infectivity on the filter under a constant air flow, mengovirus was remained infectious during 10 h after aerosolization. 相似文献
416.
Rubio-Gutierrez Juan Carlos Mendez-Hernández Pablo Guéguen Yann Galichon Pierre Tamayo-Ortiz Marcela Haupt Karsten Medeiros Mara Barbier Olivier Christophe 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(21):31042-31058
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Bone mass in adulthood depends on growth and mineralization acquired during childhood and adolescence. It is well known that these stages of life are... 相似文献
417.
Woldetsadik Desta Simon Marcel Pierre Knuth Dennis Hailu Hillette Gebresilassie Araya Dejen Asmare Düring Rolf-Alexander 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(9):3597-3613
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Khat (Catha edulis) chewing is widespread in the region of East Africa. Even low levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in khat could induce public... 相似文献
418.
Diogo Ferreira da Rocha Marcelo Firpo Porto Tania Pacheco Jean Pierre Leroy 《Sustainability Science》2018,13(3):709-719
This article discusses the experience of the map of conflicts related to environmental injustices and health in Brazil and its potential contribution to international movements for environmental justice. Inventories and maps of environmental injustices are important instruments of struggle against injustice and racism, since they increase the visibility of populations, whose lives are threatened. The Brazilian map is published online since 2010 and was an initiative of FIOCRUZ, a public health and academic institution, and the NGO FASE, in cooperation with the Brazilian Network of Environmental Injustice (RBJA), created in 2001. Environmental justice arised in Brazil as a field of reflection and mobilization, and as a rallying point to identify the struggle of several groups and entities, such as rural and urban grassroots movements, indigenous peoples, traditional populations, and peasants affected by different hazards and risks, as well as environmentalists, trade unions, and scientists. Currently, the map has 570 emblematic environmental conflicts in all regions of Brazil. Many economic activities are causing the conflicts such as mining expansion, oil and gas extractions, infrastructure (roads, mega-dams), agribusiness, and pesticide pollution, often with the support of governmental institutions. 相似文献
419.
Toledo VE de Almeida Júnior PB Quiterio SL Arbilla G Moreira A Escaleira V Moreira JC 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,139(1-3):49-59
The Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Campus (FIOCRUZ), in a suburban region of the city of Rio de Janeiro, was selected as a case study
to assess the pollution released from vehicle and industrial facilities in Basin III, the most polluted area of the city.
Concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) and trace metals in airborne particles were determined in an intensive field campaign.
The samplings were performed every six days for 24 h periods, using a PM10 high volume sampler, from September 2004 to August
2005. PM10 mass concentrations were determined gravimetrically and the metals by ICP-OES. For PM10, the arithmetic mean for
the period is 169 ± 42 μg m−3 which is 3.4 times the national recommended standard of 50 μg m−3. Additionally, 51% of the samplings exceeded the recommended 24 h limit of 150 μg m−3. Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Al were the metals that presented the higher concentrations. The correlation matrix gave two main clusters
and three significant principal components (PC). Both PC1 and PC2 are associated to crustal, vehicular and industrial emissions
while PC3 is mainly associated to geological material. Enrichment factors for Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb indicate that for these elements,
anthropic sources prevail over natural inputs. PM10 levels showed a good correlation with hospital admissions for respiratory
diseases in children and elderly people. 相似文献
420.
Tsuji LJ Martin ID Martin ES LeBlanc A Dumas P 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,146(1-3):91-104
We examined matched-tissue samples (the right pectoral muscle plus the associated skin and fat was considered a breast portion) of 81 spring-harvested waterfowl and 19 summer-harvested godwits (Limosa spp.) to assess the potential of these water birds contributing to the body burden of PCBs and DDT noted in First Nation people of the western James Bay region, northern Ontario, Canada. In general, the dabbling ducks (mallard duck, Anas platyrhynchos; and northern pintail, A. acuta) had significantly lower percent lipid (gravimetrically determined) values in skin tissue, fat tissue, and breast muscle compared to the goose species (Canada goose, Branta canadensis; lesser snow goose, Chen caerulescens); godwits had percent lipid values not significantly different than ducks and geese. Also, the percent lipid values in skin for all species of birds examined approached those found in fat tissue. Organochlorine data were expressed as the amount (microg) of each contaminant per breast portion to show contaminant consumption in terms of typical and easily recognizable dietary portions; direct comparisons were made to acceptable daily intake (ADI) or tolerable daily intake (TDI) values as recommended by Health Canada. Significant differences in the amount of organochlorines between bird species for skin, fat tissue, and breast muscle samples were found. In general, breast portions from snow geese contained the least amount of organochlorines, followed by godwits (except for mirex) and then Canada geese; the dabbling ducks had the greatest amount of organochlorines on a breast portion basis. However, on average, no 60 kg person would exceed the calculated organochlorine ADI/TDI values consuming one breast portion (i.e., breast + associated skin and fat), but the maximum value of SigmaPCBs for skin tissue alone in male mallards (47 microg) was more than twice the ADI/TDI (18 microg/day); while, that in fat tissue alone (17 microg) approached the ADI/TDI. Thus, the consumption of dabbling ducks by children is an issue that should be explored further, if tissue other than breast muscle is eaten. Lastly, the consumption of waterfowl was a source of PCBs for people of Fort Albany and Kashechewan, but not DDT, as this organochlorine was infrequently detected. 相似文献