An autotrophic nitrogen removal process：Short-cut nitrification combined with ANAMMOX for treating diluted effluent from an UASB reactor fed by landfill leachate

A combined process consisting of a short-cut nitrification (SN) reactor and an anaerobic ammonium oxidation upflow anaerobic sludge bed (ANAMMOX) reactor was developed to treat the diluted effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating high ammonium municipal landfill leachate.The SN process was performed in an aerated upflow sludge bed (AUSB) reactor (working volume 3.05 L),treating about 50% of the diluted raw wastewater.The ammonium removal efficiency and the ratio of NO 2 N to NOx-N in the effluent were both higher than 80%,at a maximum nitrogen loading rate of 1.47 kg/(m 3 ·day).The ANAMMOX process was performed in an UASB reactor (working volume 8.5 L),using the mix of SN reactor effluent and diluted raw wastewater at a ratio of 1:1.The ammonium and nitrite removal efficiency reached over 93% and 95%,respectively,after 70-day continuous operation,at a maximum total nitrogen loading rate of 0.91 kg/(m 3 ·day),suggesting a successful operation of the combined process.The average nitrogen loading rate of the combined system was 0.56 kg/(m 3 ·day),with an average total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency 87%.The nitrogen in the effluent was mostly nitrate.The results provided important evidence for the possibility of applying SN-ANAMMOX after UASB reactor to treat municipal landfill leachate.     

内蒙古锡林河流域土壤呼吸的温度敏感性

2004年9月～2005年9月对内蒙古锡林河流域4种草地类型的土壤呼吸速率及相关水热因子进行了野外测定,应用2种数学模型和不同温度指标对草地土壤呼吸的温度敏感性问题进行了探讨.结果表明,Van′tHoff模型对温度变化较为敏感,显示出冬季的Q₁₀值明显大于夏季的特征,应用Arrhenius模型求算的不同季节的Q₁₀值变化不大.在>5℃时,Q₁₀值的变动范围,Van′tHoff模型为1.60～2.03,Arrhenius模型为1.48～1.67,略高于全球平均值;2种模型均对水分的变化比较敏感,表现为Q₁₀值随土壤水分的降低而升高的趋势.     

强化供氧条件下潜流型人工湿地运行特性

针对潜流型人工湿地中溶解氧浓度和脱氮率偏低的问题,试验研究了强化供氧对植物和微生物的影响及人工湿地内溶解氧浓度、净化效率的变化规律.结果表明,强化供氧宜在湿地前端进行,最佳气水比为6左右,可采用连续供氧方式.供氧对湿地植物生理特性无明显不良影响,可显著增加湿地中硝化菌、反硝化菌数量,硝化菌可比供氧前高出1～2个数量级,反硝化菌高出1个数量级.强化供氧有效改善了湿地内氧环境,供氧前湿地内溶氧浓度普遍低于0.6 mg/L,供氧后氧浓度上升至1 mg/L以上.强化供氧有利于各类污染物质尤其是有机物和氮类物质的去除,有机物去除率比原湿地高出10％左右, TN去除率能够达到60％以上.因此,强化充氧措施具有较好的研究和应用价值.     

钛基修饰电极催化电解去除水中硝酸盐氮的研究

利用热分解法制备CuO修饰Ti基阴极和SnO2-Sb2O5修饰Ti基阳极,组成无隔膜电解体系,以模拟废水(NO3--N 50mg/L)为对象,进行了水中NO3--N去除实验研究.结果数据表明,CuO修饰Ti基阴极对水中NO3--N的去除率随电流密度、极板间距、搅拌强度和电解时间增加而增加,在电流密度10mA/cm2、极板间距9mm、中等搅拌强度下电解150min,NO3--N催化还原去除率可达93.8%.Cl-支持电解可使NO3--N催化还原产物NH4+-N氧化为N2-N去除.在电流密度10mA/cm2、极板间距9mm、NaCl添加量600mg/L、中等搅拌强度下电解120min后,NO3--N和TN的去除率达到89.3%和86.9%,NO2--N和NH4+-N未检出.分析认为NO3--N还原机制为NOx中O被阴极表面Cu吸附固定,N—O键受氢攻击破坏,逐步还原.阳极电解Cl-生成HOCl,HOCl氧化NH4+-N成N2-N.     

曝气强度对膜生物反应器污泥混合液可滤性的影响

主要研究了曝气强度对膜生物反应器(MBR)膜污染的影响.2套MBR采用恒流出水模式连续运行60 d,曝气强度分别为500及100 L/h,应用死端过滤装置来检测不同阶段污泥混合液的可滤性.实验中对不同曝气强度下的溶解性微生物代谢产物(SMP)分子质量分布、颗粒粒径分布、胞外聚合物(EPS)含量进行了测定.结果表明,过高的曝气强度将恶化污泥混合液的可滤性,增加了膜污染速率.进一步研究表明,曝气强度的增加导致了污泥混合液上清液中相对分子质量>10000的SMP浓度的增加,此部分大分子有机物浓度直接影响了污泥混合液的可滤性.过高的曝气强度也导致了污泥絮体中1～10μm细小颗粒和EPS含量的增加.     

Recovery of Cu and Fe from Printed Circuit Board waste sludge by ultrasound: Evaluation of industrial application

The paper presents a novel cleaner process for metal recovery from the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) waste sludge by assistance of ultrasound. The process can effectively recover heavy metals at low cost with high separation and recovery efficiency, produce high quality products and also achieve zero waste discharge with operation at industrial scale. With the PCB waste sludge containing (wet content) 3.14–4.85% copper and 3.71–4.23% iron, copper recovery efficiency of 95.2–97.5% and iron recovery efficiency of 97.1–98.5% were achieved, while the purity of copper sulfate produced by the process was 98.0% and the produced ferric chloride had a satisfied quality for using as a coagulant material for the plant on-site wastewater treatment. The process had been successfully scaled up to the industrial scaled applications in a heavy metal recovery plant in city of Huizhou, China for more than two years. The novel cleaner heavy metal recovery process has a great prospect on the applications of resources recovery and environmental protection practices.     

SBR的运行管理要点

介绍SBR的工艺特点,着重分析SBR在调试及运行管理中的重要控制因素,指出了随着进料和外部条件变化应采取的对策,以达到最佳的出水水质和最经济的运行方式。     

工业锅炉除尘脱硫废水回用技术及设备的开发

针对工业锅炉除尘脱硫废水设计一套工业化的处理设备,并对其实际的处理性能进行考察和评价。该设备由网格絮凝+复合流沉淀+浅滤层过滤三个单元组成,设备构造合理,系统性能协调。设备正常运行时处理出水浑浊度平均值<10度,最大值<15度,出水浑浊度波动系数为1.8,浑浊度极差10.5度,水质稳定,满足回用水质要求。     

节能型焦化污水生物脱氮新工艺的生产性试验研究

采用节能型生物脱氮新工艺对黑龙江某焦化厂的污水处理站进行生产性试验研究,结果表明:处理后出水达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级,并可回用于熄焦。该工艺适合推广应用于焦化污水、垃圾渗滤液、养殖、化肥等高含氮有机污水的处理。     

水解酸化-SBR-BAF工艺处理中药废水

分析现有中药废水处理工艺及废水特点,并考虑到废水处理技术改造的要求,采用水解酸化-SBR-BAF法联合处理该中药废水,研究了SBR反应器的曝气时间、温度及原水pH值对系统处理效果的影响。系统进水ρ(COD)为1 249.4~1 444.5 mg/L、ρ(BOD5)为201.2~292.8 mg/L、ρ(SS)为208.7~310.6 mg/L、色度为70~100倍,曝气时间为14 h、温度为20℃、pH值为7时,出水ρ(COD)为123.4~140.8 mg/L、ρ(BOD5)为19.4~26.1 mg/L、ρ(SS)为32.7~60.4 mg/L、色度为36~50倍,COD、BOD5、SS的平均去除率分别达到90.3%、90.7%、81.8%,表明HAT-SBR-BAF法处理该中药废水是可行的。