Immunotoxic effect of arsenic trioxide on Caenorhabditis elegans

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa–Caenorhabditis elegans pathogenesis model was utilized to assess immunotoxic effects of arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃). After 2 h of As₂O₃ exposure, 500 µmol L^?1 and 1 mmol L^?1 As₂O₃ treatment significantly decreased median survivals of C. elegans (10 h after L4/adult molt). However, 2 h of As₂O₃ exposure caused no significant changes in the survivals rates of C. elegans (2 h after L4/adult molt). Notably, a significant dose-related immunoenhancement was observed in C. elegans (2 h after L4/adult molt) after 12 h of arsenite exposure.     

鞋类保暖性能研究

本文采用鞋类保暖性能的测试方法,测定不同帮面材料、不同鞋底材料对鞋类保暖性能的影响,对于不同的测试对象探索相同环境下的测试结果,从而为企业生产提供一定的科学指导。     

海岸带表层沉积物中磷的地球化学特征

通过连续提取法对莱州湾主要入海河流及近岸海域表层沉积物中5种形态磷进行了定量分析.结果表明,近海沉积物自生钙结合磷含量(45.6%)高于河流(37.3%),而铁结合磷(Fe-P)含量(18.2%)却低于河流(31.3%).在近海,可交换或弱结合磷含量和粉砂比例呈正相关,表明该形态磷主要吸附于细粒粉砂．河流沉积物Fe-P与Fe浓度呈显著正相关(P<0.01),表明河流沉积物Fe-P分布受沉积物活性铁含量的控制．河口处Fe-P普遍低于相应河流,这可能与海相泥沙输入及河口厌氧区硫酸盐还原或硫化物累积有关.近海沉积物总可提取态磷平均浓度总体呈现出由海洋向河口方向递减的趋势.     

两淮采煤沉陷积水区水体初级生产特征

在淮南潘谢矿区设置3个研究站点(PXPJ、PXGQ和PXXQ),在淮北朱-杨庄矿区内设置2个研究站点(HBZH和HBNH),于2012年和2013年分4个季度对两淮采煤沉陷积水区水体的初级生产力及碳(C)的形态特征进行了研究,其中C形态分溶解无机碳(DIC)、溶解有机碳(DOC)和颗粒有机碳(POC),并以此为基础分析了初级生产力与C形态及其它环境因子的相关关系.研究结果表明:受区域地理气候、水化学特征和矿区生态环境等方面影响,5个研究站点水体营养状态、初级生产力及C形态等存在着较大的跨度范围. 5个站点4个季度研究期间叶绿素a(Chla)浓度均值范围为3.7~71.5mg/m3,POC浓度均值范围为0.9~4.0mgC/L,总初级生产力(GPP)均值范围82.4~2305.4mgC/(m2?d), 淮南沉陷积水区水体营养状态和初级生产力明显高于淮北沉陷积水区.5个研究站点水体初级生产力和氮磷含量、Chla、DOC和POC具有显著的正相关性.最后根据研究结果针对性地提出了两淮矿区水生态区生态系统重建、恢复与保护的差别化原则.     

城市立交桥交通噪声变化规律与影响的研究

针对目前我国城市立交桥交通噪声影响的状况,环评预测结果偏差过大的问题,应用大量的环保验收实测数据,对城市立交桥交通噪声的变化规律与影响进行了分析研究.城市立交桥的交通噪声昼间变化幅度小于夜间变化幅度,一定时期的昼间噪声等效声级Ld与夜间噪声等效声级Ln的变化幅度不大于1.0dB(A),昼间噪声等效声级Ld高于夜间噪声等效声级Ln,其差值(Ld-Ln)多在2.5dB(A)之内.立交桥交通噪声主要是由大型车辆行驶噪声贡献的,车辆的行驶噪声夜间普遍高于昼间,对周围敏感点影响的噪声一楼最低,在桥路面以上六层楼的噪声最高,比桥面平层楼房平均高2.4～3.0dB(A),桥面下的楼房的噪声低于桥面平层楼噪声2～3dB(A).其结果对于城市立交桥交通噪声的管理与治理提供相应的参考.     

从玉米淀粉生产浸泡水中提取蛋白质及脂多糖的研究

提出了一种提取分离玉米浸泡水中蛋白质及脂多糖的方法.首先将大部分蛋白质分离出来,然后利用脂多糖易被活性炭吸附的特点,用活性炭将脂多糖从经过浓缩和去除了蛋白质的浸泡水中吸附分离出来.再使脂多糖从活性炭上脱附,同时考虑脂多糖的提纯.本文将脂多糖脱附与提纯两步合并为一步,通过活性炭色谱分离实现.得到脂多糖初步产品后,为了提高其经济价值,采用色谱分离对脂多糖进行提纯,最终使产品纯度达到97.4%.     

硒拮抗汞污染的粮食诱导大鼠中枢神经系统c-fos基因表达

为了从分子水平探讨硒与汞的拮抗效应和不同形态汞对脑的损伤 ,应用RT PCR方法和免疫组织化学方法研究了大鼠在汞污染粮食诱导下脑中c-fos mRNA表达和c-FOS蛋白表达 .结果表明 ,汞污染粮食能够显著诱导大鼠脑c-fos mRNA表达和c-FOS蛋白表达 ;硒能够拮抗汞在脑中的蓄积水平 ;硒能够拮抗汞诱导c-fos表达 .同时分析了硒汞拮抗的分子机制 .     

Effect of protein on PVDF ultrafiltration membrane fouling behavior under different pH conditions: interface adhesion force and XDLVO theory analysis

To further determine the fouling behavior of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on different hydrophilic PVDF ultrafiltration (UF) membranes over a range of pH values, self-made atomic force microscopy (AFM) colloidal probes were used to detect the adhesion forces of membrane–BSA and BSA–BSA, respectively. Results showed that the membrane–BSA adhesion interaction was stronger than the BSA–BSA adhesion interaction, and the adhesion force between BSA–BSA-fouled PVDF/PVA membranes was similar to that between BSA–BSA-fouled PVDF/PVP membranes, which indicated that the fouling was mainly caused by the adhesion interaction between membrane and BSA. At the same pH condition, the PVDF/PVA membrane–BSA adhesion force was smaller than that of PVDF/ PVP membrane–BSA, which illustrated that the more hydrophilic the membrane was, the better antifouling ability it had. The extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (XDLVO) theory predicts that the polar or Lewis acid–base (AB) interaction played a dominant role in the interfacial free energy of membrane–BSA and BSA–BSA that can be affected by pH. For the same membrane, the pH values of a BSA solution can have a significant impact on the process of membrane fouling by changing the AB component of free energy.

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埋地油气管道沿线土壤腐蚀性可拓评价研究

油气管道长期埋设在土壤环境中会受到各种侵蚀介质的腐蚀并引发泄漏、火灾、爆炸等事故。针对土壤腐蚀因素复杂多变的特点,建立基于物元、可拓集合和关联函数的埋地油气管道沿线土壤腐蚀性评价模型;选取土壤电阻率、自然电位、氧化还原电位、pH值、含水率、Cl-含量、SO42-含量7个评价指标,将土壤对油气管道腐蚀的严重程度划分为低、较低、中、强和较强5个等级;采用客观赋权的变异系数法（CV法）来确定土壤腐蚀性评价指标的权重,避免了以往评价方法的主观性,进一步提高模型的精度和效率。以某埋地天然气管道5个管段土壤为例,可拓评价结果表明4#土壤的腐蚀性较强,其他土壤腐蚀性中等,这与外腐蚀检测结果吻合,证明所想出的模型简便、高效、精确,具有很好的科学性和工程应用性。     

Driving mechanism and boundary control of urban sprawl

Since the reform and opening-up, China’s economy has achieved remarkable development and so does the urbanization. However, there is an unavoidable contradiction between urban sprawl and the protection of arable land and the environment. By redefining the urban sprawl boundary, this paper is to provide a solution for the conflict above on the China’s urbanization context. The ideal boundary, moderate boundary and limit boundary are defined for urban sprawl in space. Taking Nanjing city as a case, the three urban sprawl boundaries are estimated in this paper based on the calculation of agricultural land resources value in Nanjing. The results show that 1) the integrated value of agricultural (cultivated) land resources in Nanjing is 1.55 × 10⁷ CNY·hm⁻², the economic value accounts for only 8.74% of the integrated value, while 91.26% of the integrated value has not revealed itself due to the existing institutional arrangements, policy distortions, and imperfect land market; 2) it is difficult to define the ideal and moderate boundaries due to the relatively low price of North Nanjing. In South Nanjing the land price is expensive and the ideal, moderate and limit boundaries are expanded to Jiangning, Qixia, and Yuhuatai; 3) the city scale of South Nanjing should be limited within 5.82 × 10⁴ hm², which is roughly the same as the designated size of 5.81 × 10⁴ hm² in the urban planning. It is suggested that the rational scope of urban expansion should be controlled within the moderate boundary.