葡多酚对口服乙醇小鼠肝细胞PCNA和Bcl-2表达的影响

为观察葡多酚(GPC)对小鼠乙醇性肝损伤的防护作用,将每天经口灌胃给予4 g·(kg·bw)-1乙醇的小鼠同时分别给予不同剂量的GPC,30 d后处死小鼠;取肝组织用MTT法检测各组小鼠肝细胞的增殖活性,用免疫组化法和图像分析方法检测PCNA和Bcl-2表达水平.结果显示:GPC高剂量组16 h的肝细胞增殖活性为0.4...     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in effluents from wastewater treatment plants and receiving streams in Tianjin, China

Surface water, suspended particulate matter, pore water, and sediment samples were collected and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Yongding New River, South Drainage Canal and North Drainage Canal, which receive most of wastewater from industrial city of Tianjin. PAH concentrations in effluent samples of wastewater treatment plants (WTP) discharging into the South Drainage Canal and North Drainage Canal were quantified for the first time. The results showed that the discharge of the WTPs recently only contributed to the PAH contamination in the canals near the outlets of the WTPs. PAH levels in sediments of the streams were greatly higher than those in soils by riverbank probably due to receiving large amounts of untreated wastewater. Unusually high benz[a] anthracene concentration strongly influenced the seasonal and spatial variation of total PAH concentrations in South Drainage Canal. Paired samples t test of ??Nap, Fl, Phe, Fluo and ??Nap, Phe, Fluo, Chry concentrations, which were dominant components in the air samples from non-heating and heating season, respectively, in the suspended particulate matters from the streams showed that PAH source from air deposition was more important for Yongding New River than that for South Drainage Canal and North Drainage Canal. Source apportionment based on PAH profiles indicated that coal combustion was the major PAH contamination source, and coke oven sources and wood combustion also contributed to the PAH contamination of the streams. This was further indicated by organic petrography analysis.     

β-环糊精对四氯联苯胺的包合作用

制备以β-环糊精(β- CD)为主体,2,2′,5,5′-四氯联苯胺(TCB)为客体的固态包合物,通过核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和红外光谱( FT -IR)分析了包合物的形成.利用紫外吸收光谱研究了β- CD及其衍生物羧甲基-β-环糊精(CMBCD)对TCB的包合行为,并用Job法和Benesi- Hildebrand双倒数法分别获得β- CD及CMBCD与TCB之间的包合比和包合常数.结果表明,β-CD和CMBCD均可与TCB形成包合比为1∶1的包合物,包合常数分别为727.9 L·mol -1和1 647L·mol -1,且经羧甲基修饰之后的β-环糊精对TCB的包合能力明显优于β-环糊精.     

Acute and reproductive toxicity of nano-sized metal oxides (ZnO and TiO₂) to earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

An increase in nanomaterial applications will likely lead to an increased probability of environmental exposures, raising concerns regarding the safety of these materials. Recent studies have indicated that manufactured nanomaterials, such as metal oxides, have the potential to be harmful to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The majority of nano-metal oxide research addressing potential toxicological issues has been focused in aquatic environments with very little terrestrial data. This study characterized the acute and reproductive toxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in a terrestrial system. Following a 14 d exposure, nano-sized ZnO on filter paper was acutely toxic to E. fetida, while nano-sized TiO(2) did not exhibit acute toxicity. In contrast, neither nano-sized ZnO nor TiO(2) exhibited acute toxicity to earthworms in sand. Both nano-sized ZnO and TiO(2), following a 4 week exposure, caused reproductive effects in earthworms in artificial soil. Overall, nano-sized ZnO exhibited greater toxicity than nano-sized TiO(2) in Eisenia fetida.     

2008年湖南低温雨雪冰冻天气分析与数值模拟

利用湖南省地面观测站点资料、探空资料、NCEP再分析资料及海温资料对该省2008年1月中旬至2月上旬异常低温雨雪冰冻天气形成原因进行了分析,结果表明:长时间的大气环流异常是造成此次低温雨雪冰冻天气的主要大气环流背景;温度的垂直结构分析表明,925~700hPa长时间存在强的逆温层,为冰冻提供了有利的形成环境;海温异常对气温有一定的影响作用,在拉尼娜起始年,湖南冬季平均气温偏低,出现冷冬的概率较大。通过中尺度数值天气预报模式MM5的模拟,也间接印证了冰冻的形成过程。最后,针对此异常低温雨雪冰冻天气发生特点,提出在气候变暖的大背景下仍要加强冬季极端气象灾害的研究和防范,同时加强和完善灾情上报制度。     

镁改性芦苇生物炭控磷效果及其对水体修复

将收割的芦苇制成生物炭,投加到底泥中以控制内源磷释放,是一种将芦苇资源化利用的新途径.将芦苇通过氯化镁浸渍改性,分别在300、450和600℃条件下高温裂解,制得3种镁改性芦苇生物炭,通过等温吸附实验分析3种炭对磷酸盐的吸附特征,选择了对磷酸盐吸附效果较好的生物炭MBC-450作为研究材料.以某校园河道底泥和上覆水为研究对象,探讨镁改性芦苇生物炭在不同投加方式（混合和覆盖）下对上覆水磷酸盐的吸附作用及内源磷释放的控制效果.结果表明,混合和覆盖投加可有效降低上覆水DIP浓度,与对照组相比磷累积吸附量分别提高了17.3%和11.7%;混合投加对间隙水磷的控制效果更明显,与对照组相比,间隙水DIP从0~2 cm至4~6 cm分别降低了14.7%、18.9%和35.36%,而覆盖投加对应分别降低了33.3%、-28.2%和12.9%.与对照组相比,生物炭混合和覆盖分别导致0~2 cm和2~4 cm底泥中NH₄Cl-P占TP的比例分别升高了15%、15%（混合）和12%、2%（覆盖）,而BD-P占TP的比例分别降低了7%、9%（混合）和6%、3%（覆盖）,Al-P占TP的比例分别降低了7%、6%（混合）和7%、-1%（覆盖）,其余形态磷变化不明显.生物炭混合和覆盖投加均能提高表层底泥微生物的活性,混合投加方式对更深层底泥微生物活性的提高更显著.     

北京地区秋冬季大气污染特征及成因分析

为了研究近两年北京地区PM2. 5污染特征及成因变化,利用常规观测资料和改进的后向轨迹模型(Traj Stat)对2016～2017年秋冬季大气重污染时段的颗粒物浓度、气象要素和气团传输路径进行了综合分析.结果表明,研究期间北京地区共发生13次持续2 d以上的重污染事件,冬季过程约占61. 5%,且污染程度和持续时间均高于秋季.地面受弱气压场控制、高湿度、静小风以及较低的混合层高度,加之北京三面环山的特殊地势是导致秋冬季静稳型污染频发的重要因素,重污染期间PM2. 5/PM10的平均比值高达0. 86.累积阶段气团主要来自于西北、偏西、西南和东南方向,其中西南和东南路径为典型污染传输通道,轨迹频率为21. 6%.此外,采用WRF-CAMx模型定量估算了2016年12月16～22日典型过程中本地和外来污染源对北京PM2. 5的贡献,结果发现不同气团输送条件下,二者的贡献差异较大.当南部气团输入时,本地贡献会显著下降,以外部区域输送为主导;若气流来自西北方向情况则相反.污染过程期间,本地贡献为16. 5%～69. 3%.     

纳米金增强SPR铅离子检测器构建

为满足采用简便方法检测痕量铅离子（Pb²⁺）的需求,构建了新型的超灵敏、高特异性表面等离子体共振（SPR）生物传感器,用于水中Pb²⁺检测.以硫醇化GR-5脱氧核酶（DNAzyme）为Pb²⁺特异性识别探针,并自组装到芯片金膜表面,底物官能化的纳米金（S-AuNPs）用于信号增强,并与DNAzyme杂交形成传感薄膜.AuNPs不仅增加了质量变化,其局部表面等离子体共振（LSPR）与芯片表面传播SPR的耦合作用也可产生信号放大的效果.在Pb²⁺离子存在下,DNAzyme催化底物裂解,导致AuNPs的去除并引起SPR信号显著变化.通过X射线光电子能谱和扫描电镜对芯片表面的表征分析验证了传感薄膜构建过程和检测原理.Pb²⁺检测实验结果表明,1 μmol/L DNAzyme修饰的传感器检测效果最好,检测限为80pmol/L,并在100nmol/L范围内与Pb²⁺浓度的对数呈线性关系（R²=0.992）.该传感器对10倍浓度的其他金属离子无明显响应,说明其具有良好的Pb²⁺特异性;检测自来水和地下水中Pb²⁺的结果与ICP-MS方法有良好的一致性.研究建立的Pb²⁺检测方法具有高灵敏度和特异性,且操作简便,具有现场检测的应用前景.     

Efficient degradation of Rhodamine B by magnetically recoverable Fe3O4-modified ternary CoFeCu-layered double hydroxides via activating peroxymonosulfate

Environment-friendly nano-catalysts capable of activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) have received increasing attention recently. Nevertheless, traditional nano-catalysts are generally well dispersed and difficult to be separated from reaction system, so it is particularly important to develop nano-catalysts with both good catalytic activity and excellent recycling efficiency. In this work, magnetically recoverable Fe₃O₄-modified ternary CoFeCu-layered double hydroxides (Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs) was prepared by a simple co-precipitation method and initially applied to activate PMS for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were applied to characterize morphology, structure, specific surface area and magnetism. In addition, the effects of several key parameters were evaluated. The Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs exhibited high catalytic activity, and RhB degradation efficiency could reach 100% within 20 min by adding 0.2 g/L of catalyst and 1 mmol/L of PMS into 50 mg/L of RhB solution under a wide pH condition (3.0-7.0). Notably, the Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs showed good super-paramagnetism and excellent stability, which could be effectively and quickly recovered under magnetic condition, and the degradation efficiency after ten cycles could still maintain 98.95%. Both radicals quenching tests and electron spin resonance (ESR) identified both HO? and SO₄^?? were involved and SO₄^?? played a dominant role on the RhB degradation. Finally, the chemical states of the sample's surface elements were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the possible activation mechanism in Fe₃O₄/CoFeCu-LDHs/PMS system was proposed according to comprehensive analysis.