基于生命周期评价的多晶硅片环境影响研究

选用我国终点破坏类影响评价模型（Chinese endpoint damage model,CEDM）,采用生命周期评价(LCA)法研究了我国多晶硅片生命周期环境影响。通过座谈和问卷调研的方式,获得多晶硅片生命周期能量物质的输入/输出和环境外排数据。结果表明：从环境影响的最终破坏受体来看,我国多晶硅片生命周期环境影响主要集中在对人体健康的损害方面,占70.21%;其次是对资源衰竭方面的影响,占26.22%;而对生态系统的损害最小,仅占3.57%。从各环境要素来看,由多晶硅原料带来的环境影响是所有环境要素中最高的,占70.83%;其次是电耗和砂浆液,分别占19.44%和7.62%;生产过程污染物排放对环境的影响仅占0.07%。降低多晶硅片环境影响应首先考虑减少原料消耗;其次考虑节能和废砂浆循环利用。我国多晶硅片环境影响略高于欧洲平均水平,主要是由原料端(高纯多晶硅)差异导致。     

不同光照度下活性艳红X-3B的光催化降解动力学研究

以活性艳红X-3B为模型化合物，以TiO2为光催化剂，研究了不同光照度下污染物的多相光催化降解动力学。结果表明，活性艳红X-3B的光催化降解动力学符合Langmiur—Hinshelwood动力学模型，其中的表观反应速率常数(k)随入射光照度的增加而增大，吸附平衡常数(KA)却随入射光照度的增加而减小，在实验的光照度范围内，k和KA^-1与光照度的平方根成比。     

SPE-HPLC/MS联用法测定地表水中的PFOA及PFOS含量

本文建立了固相萃取与高效液相色谱／质谱（HPLC／MS）联用的方法来测定地表水中全氟辛酸（PFOA）及全氟辛烷基磺酸（PFOS）的含量。此方法中PFOA在水样中的线性范围为40ng／L到500ng/L,线性相关系数0．9986,PFOS在水样中的线性范围为5n异／L到500ng/L,线性相关系数0．9905。此方法中全氟辛酸及全氟辛烷基磺酸的平均回收率分另13为83.91％和86.63％。水样中全氟辛酸和全氟辛炕基磺酸的检出限均为0.5ng／L。方法准确、可靠,分析结果令人满意。采用此方法测定了上海部分地区地表水中全氟辛酸及全氟辛烷基磺酸的含量。实验结果表明,上海地区长江入海口处徐六泾段全氟辛酸的平均浓度是46．88ng／L,全氟辛烷基磺酸未检出;黄浦江段全氟辛酸及全氟辛烷基磺酸的平均浓度分别是1594．83ng／L（前处理后需稀释10倍以确保在方法线性范围内）和20．46ng/L。可见长江及黄浦江流域的全氟辛酸及全氟辛烷基磺酸的控制与治理亟待提上议程。     

配电网分布式多源业务流即时处理技术研究

智能配电网通信系统承载了电网终端海量的业务数据。随着新能源电力广泛接入,配网系统的调度、控制、管理等业务所必须的数据业务需要通过通信网络传输。配电网中数据流动态传输与业务有序协同运行,是配电网智能化分布式数据处理关键,因此,提出了一种并行化数据流处理手段,通过流密度来有效融合不同源的数据源,并利用通道复用技术分时隙传输不同等级的数据流,采用基于容器的调控手段和系列数据预处理技术,保障数据的可靠性。本研究成果对配电网自动化控制系统提供有效的理论及实验依据。     

Effects of two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-47, BDE-209) on the swimming behavior,population growth and reproduction of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) are new kinds of persistent organic pollutants(POPs) and their potential threats to the equilibrium and sustainability of marine ecosystems have raised worldwide concerns. Here, two kinds of PBDEs, tetra-BDE(BDE-47)and deca-BDE(BDE-209) were applied, and their toxic effects on the swimming behavior,population growth and reproduction of Brachionus plicatilis were investigated. The results showed that:(1) The actual concentrations of BDE-47 and-209 in the seawater phase measured by GC–MS(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer) were much lower than their nominal concentrations.(2) In accordance with the 24-hr acute tests, BDE-209 did not show any obvious swimming inhibition to rotifers, but a good correlation did exist between the swimming inhibition rate and BDE-47 concentration suggesting that BDE-47 is more toxic than BDE-209.(3) Both BDE-47 and-209 had a significant influence on the population growth and reproduction parameters of B. plicatilis including the population growth rate, the ratio of ovigerous females/non-ovigerous females(OF/NOF), the ratio of mictic females/amictic females(MF/AF), resting egg production and the mictic rate, which indicate that these parameters in B. plicatilis population were suitable for monitoring and assessing PBDEs. Our results suggest that BDE-47 and-209 are not acute lethal toxicants and may pose a low risk to marine rotifers at environmental concentrations for short-term exposure. They also accumulate differently into rotifers. Further research data are needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects caused by PBDEs and to assess their risks accurately.     

137Cs budget during the period of 1960s in a small drainage basin on the Loess Plateau of China

A sediment profile with a thickness of 28.12 m in a failed reservoir in a small catchment of the Yuntaishan Gully in the Loess Plateau of China consisted of 44 flood couplets deposited during the period from 1960 to 1970 with total volume of 2.36 x 10(6)m(3). Specific sediment yields for a flood event varied from 300 t km(-2) to 14,400 t km(-2) and annual sediment yields varied from 2500 t km(-2) in 1966 to 40,000 t km(-2) in 1964 with a mean value of 12,700 t km(-2)a(-1) for the period. Average annual (137)Cs concentrations of the sediments increased from 0.92 Bq kg(-1) in 1960 to 4.82 Bq kg(-1) in 1963, then decreased to 1.53 Bq kg(-1) in 1970. The total (137)Cs activity in the reservoir sediments was 9.22 x 10(9) Bq, which accounted for 31.9% of the total (137)Cs fallout precipitation of 2.89 x 10(10) Bq within the catchment during the period. The proportion of the (137)Cs loss from the catchment to the (137)Cs fallout precipitation within the catchment in a year varied between 8.01% and 66.8%, and it was 20.9% for the peak (137)Cs deposition year of 1963 and 52.0% in 1964. By analysis of the (137)Cs budget in the catchment for the (137)Cs peak precipitation period from 1962 to 1964, the (137)Cs surface enrichment coefficient Gamma should be much less than 0.23. And for calculation of soil losses on the cultivated land in the inter-gully area by using the Mass Balance Model II, the value of Gamma should be 0.05-0.1.     

生物滴滤器处理间二氯苯废气的性能分析

从土壤中筛选1株能够降解间二氯苯能力的菌株,鉴定为土壤短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus agri),该优势菌最佳生长条件为:降解时间48 h,菌液接种量10%,pH=7,温度25℃。以间二氯苯为模拟有机废气,采用生物滴滤器接种土壤短芽孢杆菌的方法对其进行生物处理。结果表明,在空床停留时间为90 s、进气浓度为1 000 mg·m~(-3)、进气负荷为60 g·(m~3·h)~(-1)条件下,间二氯苯的去除率可以维持在85%以上。生物滴滤器稳定运行后,菌体表面官能团发生改变,通过傅里叶红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱分析发现,菌株通过逐步加氧羧化后开环降解间二氯苯;对菌株再进行16S rRNA基因序列的同源性分析发现,生物膜中Brevibacillus agri占比达69.39%,并可以良好生长。研究可为间二氯苯的工业化处理提供参考。     

Effects of pollutant toxicity on the eyes of aquatic life monitored by visual dysfunction in zebrafish: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The eyes of aquatic organisms may be damaged by exposure to pollutants. Zebrafish is a common laboratory model to study ocular toxicity, combining both fish and...     

Eukaryotic community diversity and pathogenic eukaryotes in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant determined by 18S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, 18S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was applied to investigate the eukaryotic community in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant....     

NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the mechanism of mitigative effect of selenium on lead-induced inflammatory damage in chicken kidneys

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Lead (Pb) is a kind of widespread toxic environmental pollutant which can cause harm to organisms. Selenium (Se) has the property of mitigating Pb...