碱熔预处理对粉煤灰溶解规律的影响及其动力学

在用粉煤灰合成沸石分子筛的过程中,粉煤灰在碱液中的溶解影响到合成反应的速率以及合成分子筛的性能。采用碱熔的方法处理粉煤灰,研究了粉煤灰在碱液中的溶解机理以及碱熔预处理对粉煤灰溶解规律的影响,并采用Noyes-Whitney方程分析其溶解动力学。结果表明,经过碱熔预处理的粉煤灰有36．11％的SiO2和16．33％的Al2O3转化为水溶性成分,剩余的非水溶性部分在碱液中的溶解速率也有大幅提高,硅铝离子达到平衡浓度的时间缩短,铝离子的平衡浓度有较大提升。Noyes-Whitney方程对粉煤灰在碱液中的溶解规律适用,相关系数都达到0．979以上。     

风量对高频气力分选机分选效率及金属分布规律的影响——以废弃印刷电路板粉末为例

以金属高富集粒级0.5～0.125 mm的废弃电路板为分选物料,通过ICP-AES测定分选产品,研究了风量对高频气力分选机分选效率及金属分布规律的影响.结果表明,风量变化对分选效率及金属分布规律影响显著,当风量为200m3/h时分选效率达到最大值78.23％,铜品位为86.745％,相比原料中铜品位13.96％,富集约6.2倍.随着风量的变化,金属的分布呈现规律性变化:密度比铜大或与铜相差不多的金属颗粒(铅、铂和锌等),其变化规律与铜相似,回收率在85％左右变化;密度比铜小很多的金属颗粒(铝、镁等),由于其密度与分选物料中的非金属非常接近,在分选过程中会随非金属带人轻产物中去,从而造成重产物中铝和镁品位最低,甚至低于其在原料中的品位.所以若要分离富集铝和镁,须对分选后的物料进行二次分选.     

对某工地一起工伤事故的思考

根据某工地一名工人因开挖作业而被活埋致死这一事故 ,论述了作好安全工作防止事故的前提条件和必要的预防、检查、控制、措施及程序。     

Effects of Al3+ on pollutant removal and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) under anaerobic,anoxic and oxic conditions

The highest removal efficiencies of COD and TN were achieved under 10 mg/L of Al³⁺. The highest TP removal efficiency occurred under 30 mg/L of Al³⁺. EPS, PS and PN concentrations increased with the addition of Al³⁺. Sludge properties significantly changed with the addition of Al³⁺. Aluminum ions produced by aluminum mining, electrolytic industry and aluminum-based coagulants can enter wastewater treatment plants and interact with activated sludge. They can subsequently contribute to the removal of suspended solids and affect activated sludge flocculation, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus removal. In this study, the effects of Al³⁺ on pollutant removal, sludge flocculation and the composition and structure of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were investigated under anaerobic, anoxic and oxic conditions. Results demonstrated that the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies were detected for an Al³⁺ concentration of 10 mg/L. In addition, the maximal dehydrogenase activity and sludge flocculation were also observed at this level of Al³⁺. The highest removal efficiency of total phosphorus (TP) was achieved at an Al³⁺ concentration of 30 mg/L. The flocculability of sludge in the anoxic zone was consistently higher than that in the anaerobic and oxic zones. The addition of Al³⁺ promoted the secretion of EPS. Tryptophan-like fluorescence peaks were detected in each EPS layer in the absence of Al³⁺. At the Al³⁺ concentration of 10 mg/L, fulvic acid and tryptophan fluorescence peaks began to appear, while the majority of protein species and the highest microbial activity were also detected. Low Al³⁺ concentrations (<10 mg/L) could promote the removal efficiencies of COD and TN, yet excessive Al³⁺ levels (>10 mg/L) weakened microbial activity. Higher Al³⁺ concentrations (>30 mg/L) also inhibited the release of phosphorus in the anaerobic zone by reacting with PO₄^3-.     

Similarities and differences of metal distributions in the tissues of molluscs by using multivariate analyses

Multivariate analysis including correlation, multiple stepwise linear regression, and cluster analyses were applied to investigate the heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the different parts of bivalves and gastropods. It was also aimed to distinguish statistically the differences between the marine bivalves and the gastropods with regards to the accumulation of heavy metals in the different tissues. The different parts of four species of bivalves and four species of gastropods were obtained and analyzed for heavy metals. The multivariate analyses were then applied on the data. From the multivariate analyses conducted, there were correlations found between the soft tissues of bivalves and gastropods, but none was found between the shells and the soft tissues of most of the molluscs (except for Cerithidea obtusa and Puglina cochlidium). The significant correlations (P < 0.05) found between the soft tissues were further complemented by the multiple stepwise linear regressions where heavy metals in the total soft tissues were influenced by the accumulation in the different types of soft tissues. The present study found that the distributions of heavy metals in the different parts of molluscs were related to their feeding habits and living habitats. The statistical approaches proposed in this study are recommended for use in biomonitoring studies, since multivariate analyses can reduce the cost and time involved in identifying an effective tissue to monitor the heavy metal(s) bioavailability and contamination in tropical coastal waters.     

旅游景观的形象美与其生态学内涵初探——以三亚旅游景观资源的保护为例

文章从可持续发展的角度,提出旅游景观资源形象美必须以维持生态系统的规律美为内涵,认为自然美的生态价值才是自然的第一价值。并以三亚旅游景观资源的保护为例,对海域、陆域典型旅游景观资源的保护提出了具体建议。     

某高含硫气田地面工程职业病危害防护设施效果评价

为了解高含硫气田地面工程职业病危害因素及防护设施的效果,文章采用职业卫生学调查、职业卫生检测和职业健康监护相结合的综合分析与评价方法,对某高含硫气田地面工程试运行期间的职业病危害防护设施效果进行评价。结果表明:项目运行过程中存在的主要职业病危害因素有硫化氢、一氧化碳、氮氧化物、二氧化硫、硫磺粉尘、噪声等12种,除锅炉、空气氮气站岗位噪声强度超过职业接触限值外,其余均符合国家职业卫生标准,职业健康检查无职业禁忌证及职业病,表明该项目的职业病危害防护设施设计合理,防护有效。     

湛江市典型区域蔬菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐污染评价

在湛江市典型区域采集了14个蔬菜品种的28个样品,分析了样品中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量,对其污染状况及食用安全性进行了评价.结果表明:叶菜类硝酸盐含量普遍较高,有8个样品超标,根茎类和瓜果类硝酸盐含量均没有超标,而所有样品亚硝酸盐含量均较低.根据WHO/FAO规定的硝酸盐日允许摄入量换算得到的标准进行评价,青瓜、莲藕、葫芦瓜、花菜、包菜等品种食用较为安全,而萝卜、瓢瓜和生菜、大白菜等蔬菜经盐溃或煮熟后也可放心食用;但菜心、芥菜、通心菜、小白菜和油麦菜等蔬菜属于严重污染,食用可能会对人体健康带来风险.     

谈《内蒙古自治区环境保护志》资料收集的经验

环境保护是我国的一项基本国策,给子孙留下一片蓝天绿地是我们环保人的责任,我们用事实记录了自治区环境保护工作的历程。