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41.
A maar lake is an excellent ecosystem to study the atmospheric deposition of pollutants, as its contaminants are primarily by atmospheric deposition. In this study, a sediment core from Sihailongwan Maar Lake, Northeast China, was collected and the historical atmospherically deposited polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed. The concentrations of TPAHs (the sum of the US EPA proposed 16 priority PAHs, excluding naphthalene and pyrene) ranged from 473.9 to 2289 ng g(-1) with a slow increasing stage in the deeper sediments and a sharp increasing stage in the upper sediments. The input rate of TPAHs, especially that of PAH(9) (the sum of fluoranthene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, dibenzo(ah)anthrathene, and benzo(ghi)perylene), correlated well to the Chinese historical socioeconomic data. This indicates that sediment PAHs were mainly derived from human activities and PAH(9) can be regarded as a better indicator of the local socioeconomic development. Source identification suggested that PAHs were originated primarily from mixed sources (e.g., coal and biomass burning and petroleum combustion), except for perylene which was mostly of diagenetic origin. In addition, the down-core PAHs profile clearly illustrated that PAHs sources in Northeast China experienced a transformation from low- and moderate temperature to high-temperature combustion processes, especially after the late 1980s. Additionally, an ecological risk assessment using two redefined biological thresholds (TEQ(ERL) and TEQ(ERM)) indicated that most of the PAHs measured in the present sediment core would not cause an immediate toxic effect; only FLU and PHEN are a potential source of concern for biological impairment. 相似文献
42.
Zhang Y Chen Z Zhu B Luo X Guan Y Guo S Nie Y 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,147(1-3):327-337
The objective of this study is to develop techniques for assessing and analysing land desertification in Yulin of Northwest China, as a typical monitoring region through the use of remotely sensed data and geographic information systems (GIS). The methodology included the use of Landsat TM data from 1987, 1996 and 2006, supplemented by aerial photos in 1960, topographic maps, field work and use of other existing data. From this, land cover, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), farmland, woodland and grassland maps at 1:100,000 were prepared for land desertification monitoring in the area. In the study, all data was entered into a GIS using ILWIS software to perform land desertification monitoring. The results indicate that land desertification in the area has been developing rapidly during the past 40 years. Although land desertification has to some extent been controlled in the area by planting grasses and trees, the issue of land desertification is still serious. The study also demonstrates an example of why the integration of remote sensing with GIS is critical for the monitoring of environmental changes in arid and semi-arid regions, e.g. in land desertification monitoring in the Yulin pilot area. However, land desertification monitoring using remote sensing and GIS still needs to be continued and also refined for the purpose of long-term monitoring and the management of fragile ecosystems in the area. 相似文献
43.
Hongxia Gao Yidian Dong Chunyan Meng Weijun Guan Yingli Liu Guizhi Xing 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(3):2475-2482
This work aimed to determine the DNA and oxidative damage on mice by mixtures of organic contaminants in wastewater-irrigated soil, in order to assess their usefulness as markers for this kind of pollution. Wastewater-irrigated soil samples in the vicinity of an industrial area in Tangshan, China were collected, and soil irrigated by underground water satisfying drinking water standards was used as control group. Organic pollutants were extracted from the soil using ultrasonic oscillation, and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Meanwhile, DNA damage on mice was determined by the Comet assay after oral gavage with the extracts, and changes in total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase glutathione, GSH peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity and malondialdehyde content in serum of mice were investigated. The number of categories and concentrations of organic compounds in the wastewater-irrigated soil is more than those in groundwater-irrigated soil, as identified by the GC-MS. The toxicity test of mice showed that compared with reagent control group, the activities of T-SOD and GSH-PX decreased; the tailing rate of peripheral blood lymphocyte of mice increased and was more than that of the control group. This shows that mammalian toxicity end points can be used to determine the joint toxicity of organic pollutants in soil. When there is no means to identify each and every pollutant in soil, it is feasible to evaluate the combined effects of various pollutants to determine the extent to which the soil is polluted. 相似文献
44.
石灰-聚铁法处理硫酸厂废水的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对各种处理硫酸厂废水的方法者了探讨,选择了以百石灰和聚合硫酸铁为药剂去除废水中砷,硫等污染物的方法。该法工艺简单,混凝剂投加量少,运行费用低,处理后的废水可达到排放标准。 相似文献
45.
油污土壤生物修复实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了有效预防和治理因石油开采、运输等造成的土壤污染,对大庆地区油污土壤进行了生物修复的实验研究,通过室内盆栽模拟实验,对芦苇和香蒲根际土壤的石油类污染物总含量、石油烃类组分浓度、非烃组分浓度进行了测定。结果表明,芦苇和香蒲对石油类污染物具有比较明显的降解作用,可以使被污染土壤中的某些油污成分逐渐被选择性消耗。实验还可看出,芦苇和香蒲对石油类污染物中正构烷烃的降解能力高于非正构烃。总体看,芦苇对石油类污染物的降解能力强于香蒲,但芦苇对非正构烃的降解能力略逊于香蒲。 相似文献
46.
The Klang River Basin is located in the most densely populated region in Malaysia, with its heavy concentration of industries and population. A systematic study of the pollution to this river system caused by phenolic compounds have been carried out under this project. Analyses of water samples from the Klang River by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an ultraviolet (UV) detector at 280 nm have shown the presence of some priority phenolic pollutants. 相似文献
47.
48.
阐述了基于工作过程构建"城镇污水处理厂运行管理"实践课程的总体思路,通过对工作岗位及工作内容的分析,归纳"城镇污水处理厂运行管理"实践课程的行动领域,完成"城镇污水处理厂运行管理"实践课程从学习领域到学习情境的转换,并简述课程的实施方案。 相似文献
49.
50.
电沉积含镉废水考察溶液的不同初始p H、镉的不同初始浓度、电流密度及金属配合物对电沉积效果的影响,利用SEM和XRD对沉积物的表面形貌和物相成分进行分析,研究沉积物金属的存在形式。实验结果表明,p H在1.5~3.5时,溶液中镉的去除效果达到99.3%;一级动力学常数随着初始镉溶液浓度增加而变大;当电流密度为4.46 m A/cm2进行90 min电沉积时反应速率较快且沉积量最大;氨水与镉形成的配合物可以促进电沉积镉的反应速率;对电沉积后的沉积物进行扫描电镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)测试。SEM表明,沉积物呈现树枝状的纳米结构。XRD表明,沉积物主要成分为氢氧化镉和镉。 相似文献