铜、锌和锰抑制蛋白核小球藻生长的毒性效应

运用评价化学品毒性藻类测试的标准实验方法 ,得到铜、锌和锰对蛋白核小球藻生长的安全浓度分别为31.8μg/L、65.0μg/L和 5.5mg/L ,抑制蛋白核小球藻生长的 96h EC₅₀ 分别为 67.3μg/L、473.0 μg/L和 17.0mg/L .实验结果表明无论从安全浓度还是从 96h EC₅₀ 考虑 ,都证明抑制蛋白核小球藻生长的毒性由大到小的顺序是铜 >锌 >锰 .不同金属离子与藻细胞的不同亲和性是导致金属离子抑制蛋白核小球藻生长毒性差异的主要原因 .     

可燃制冷剂泄漏及爆炸危害评价的研究

建立了计算可燃工质泄漏后在房间内可燃工质浓度变化的模型。计算结果表明,小型空调器可燃工质泄漏引发的爆炸隐患仅局限于空调系统附近的局部区域内。用压力－冲量准则,对可燃工质泄漏产生的最大爆炸当量、危害范围与危害等级进行分析研究。结果表明,使用充装量很小的可燃制冷剂,泄漏产生爆炸的危险性很小,火灾隐患是主要的。     

Observations on carbon and nitrogen content of suspended matter in a headwater stream in Hong Kong

The total carbon(C) and total nitrogen(N) content of suspended matter in a small undisturbed headwater drainage basin in the New Territories of Hong Kong has been monitored. Mean C and N contents were 12.85 % and 0.99% respectively for 132 samples. Samples collected under stableflow conditions had mean C and N contents of 12.81% and 1.06% respectively. Stormflow samples had mean C and N values of 12.86% and 0.97% respectively,which were very similar to the levels observed under stableflow conditions. The mean C: N ratios of 12.47 and 13.39 for stableflow and stormflow also reveal little difference according to hydrologic conditions. When all the data is considered little difference is observed in C and N according to the season. However, in winter there is a significant difference in C and N content between stable and stormflow samples. When C and N are plotted against water level the scattergraphs suggested that as stage increases the percentage of C and N in the suspended matter declines.Scattergraphs of C and N against suspended sediment concentration reveal a negative association. Comparison has been made between fresh leaf C, N and C/N ratio for trees and shrubs and the suspended matter. Fresh leaves do not appear to contribute significantly to suspended matter. The C/N ratio of suspended matter would also seem to exclude woody material and algae as sources of suspended matter.     

Removal of NOx from flue gas with radical oxidation combined with chemical scrubber

In this paper, removal of NOx(namely DeNOx) from flue gas by radical injection combined with NaOH solution(26% by weight of NaOH in water) scrubbing was investigated. The experimental results showed that the steady streamer corona occurs through adjusting the flow rate of the oxygen fed into the nozzles electrode. The vapor in the oxygen has influence on the V-I characteristics of corona discharge. Both HNO2 and HNO3 come into being in the plasma reactor and the DeNOx efficiency in the plasma reactor is more than 60%. The overall DeNOx efficiency of the whole system reaches 81.7 % when the NaOH solution scrubbing is collaborated.     

Photo-Fenton degradation of dichloromethane for gas phase treatment

A continuous photo-Fenton process has been used for the degradation of gaseous dichloromethane (DCM). By absorbing gaseous DCM into a reactive Fenton mixture, the scrubbing and degradation processes could be completed in the one reactor. Operating with a Dark Fenton solution did not result in removal of DCM any better than simply using MilliQ water. This was because the Fe(II) quickly converted to Fe(III) but was unable to regenerate. After a short time, the Fenton process was no longer operating and the DCM quickly accumulated in the reaction solution, preventing further accumulation due to a decreasing concentration gradient in the reactive solution. However, by using UV light and increasing the retention time from 20 to 50 s, there was sufficient time for the reactive solution to regenerate and continuous operation could achieve at least 65% removal of DCM from the gaseous phase at ambient temperature.     

Dietary exposure to PCBs based on food consumption survey and food basket analysis at Taizhou, China--the world's major site for recycling transformers

The levels of PCBs in different types of food (fish, shellfish, meat, rice, vegetables, and fruits) were analyzed to determine the dietary intake of 37 PCBs for local residents and e-waste workers (all lactating mothers) at Taizhou (China), a major electronic waste scrapping center, in particular for recycling transformers. The exposure to PCBs through dietary intake in Taizhou was estimated at 92.79 ngkg(-1)d(-1), contributed by consumption of freshwater fish (28%), rice (28%), meat (17%), shellfish (9%), vegetables (8%), egg (4%) and marine fish (2%). With regards to WHO-PCB-TEQ values, freshwater fish (40%), shellfish (24%), duck liver (18%) and rice (12%) were the main dietary sources with total daily intake (9.78 pg WHO-PCB-TEQ kg(-1)d(-1)), exceeding the FAO/WHO Tolerable Daily Intake (70 pg TEQkg(-1)body(-1)wt(-1)month(-1)).     

森林生态系统在碳循环中的作用

描述了森林生态系统的碳循环及其在全球碳循环中的作用，说明了森林生态系统在碳循环中的作用主要取决于森林生态系统的生物量、林产品、植物枯枝落叶和根系碎屑以及森林土壤。最后，阐明了中国森林生态系统碳循环的研究现状和趋势。     

灰色关联分析在建设项目环境影响评价中的应用

应用灰色系统理论中的重要内容之一———灰色关联分析方法将黑龙江省兴隆生猪屠宰分割综合加工厂新建项目可能对环境造成影响的因子进行环境影响综合评价。研究结果表明 ,该项目的建设使环境质量恶化了 3.14 % ,但仍在环境标准允许范围之内。该方法原理简单 ,计算简便 ,结果可靠 ,是一种很有实用价值的环境影响评价方法。     

污泥渗水砖的制备研究

结合压制成型和传统的烧结砖工艺,实验以城市生活污泥、黄河淤泥、煤矸石及砂为原料,制备渗水铺地砖。通过正交试验得到最优工艺参数为w_{(黄河淤泥)}∶ww_(煤矸石)∶w_(污泥)∶w_(砂)＝33％∶22％∶15％∶30％、成型压力为20 MPa、烧结温度为1 100℃、保温时间为1.5 h,骨料砂的粒径为1～2 mm。制备的成品抗压强度为21.8 MPa,渗水系数为1.03×10^－2 cm/s。并对成型压力及烧结温度对渗水砖抗压强度及渗水系数的影响进行了讨论。     

垃圾衍生燃料作为生活垃圾焚烧炉辅助燃料的费用-效益分析

在分析垃圾焚烧技术及垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)技术的基础上,进一步分析了中国城市生活垃圾特点,表明了中国更适合利用陈旧垃圾制造高品质的RDF.通过RDF用于生活垃圾焚烧炉辅助染料的费用-效益分析,显示了RDF辅助城市生活垃圾焚烧是完全可行的,具有显著的经济、环境和社会效益.