涧河新安县城段河道内生态环境需水量研究

以涧河新安县城区段为例,在统计分析1959年-2010年新安水文站水文资料的基础上,采用水文学中的Tennant法和水力学中的R2CROSS法分析计算了河道内基本生态需水量,另外还计算了河道水质净化需水、河道蒸发渗漏需水、河道最小输沙需水.按照不重复计算的原则,在几个方面需水量中取最大值,得出涧河城区段河道内生态环境需水量为3 010.0 m3/s,此水量是该河段恢复河流生态结构与功能健康的最佳需水量,这一结果对河道的水资源可持续利用和维持河流生态系统平衡都有着重要的参考作用.     

船舶压载水处理技术的应用与研究进展

船舶压载水在船舶航行的安全保障和稳定性提升方面起着至关重要的作用,然而压载水直接排放也造成了海洋污染和外来生物入侵等负面影响.通过研究各国压载水的水质特点及处理现状,总结了当前常用于压载水处理的物理、化学和生物等方法及其原理和特点,介绍了几种现阶段中国自主开发的压载水处理技术和装置以及对各装置的性能及特点进行分析,并提出了各压载水处理设备在使用中应注意的问题.通过总结近年压载水处理所产生的问题对未来压载水处理领域提出一些建议.     

Predicting heavy metals' adsorption edges and adsorption isotherms on MnO2 with the parameters determined from Langmuir kinetics

Although surface complexation models have been widely used to describe the adsorption of heavy metals, few studies have verified the feasibility of modeling the adsorption kinetics, edge, and isotherm data with one pH-independent parameter. A close inspection of the derivation process of Langmuir isothermrevealed that the equilibriumconstant derived from the Langmuir kinetic model, K_S-kinetic, is theoretically equivalent to the adsorption constant in Langmuir isotherm, K_S-Langmuir. The modified Langmuir kinetic model (MLK model) and modified Langmuir isothermmodel (MLImodel) incorporating pH factor were developed. The MLKmodel was employed to simulate the adsorption kinetics of Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) on MnO₂ at pH 3.2 or 3.3 to get the values of K_S-kinetic. The adsorption edges of heavy metals could be modeled with the modified metal partitioning model (MMP model), and the values of K_S-Langmuirwere obtained. The values of K_S-kinetic and K_S-Langmuir are very close to each other, validating that the constants obtained by these two methods are basically the same. The MMP model with K_S-kinetic constants could predict the adsorption edges of heavy metals on MnO₂ very well at different adsorbent/adsorbate concentrations. Moreover, the adsorption isotherms of heavy metals on MnO₂ at various pH levels could be predicted reasonably well by the MLI model with the K_S-kinetic constants.     

炼油污水三泥脱水装置调试运行

炼油污水处理装置的三泥脱水实验表明,剩余污泥的脱水性能最好。根据实验结果,将浮渣与剩余污泥按比例混合进行脱水,连续少量掺入油泥,调整转速与混凝剂用量后取得较好的脱水效果。在离心机处理量13～15m3/h,离转速3000r/min,差转速5～7r/min,混凝剂量5kg/h的工况下,离心机所产泥饼含水率<85%、滤液ρ(COD)<800mg/L。脱水处理直接成本19.6元/m3。     

地方政府投融资平台信息披露问题研究

地方政府投融资平台在促进地方经济发展，推动城市化进程，应对国际金融危机等方面发挥了重要作用。但由于缺乏统一的管理，各地方政府投融资平台财务状况披露不公开、不透明，债务风险急剧扩大，引起了有关部门和专家学者的高度关注。各地方政府应将融资平台的各种信息，特别是债务情况，定期向主管部门报告，建立地方投融资平台信用评价方法，使得投融资平台朝着健康、良性的方向发展。     

Estimation of explosion energy based on fragment characteristics

Explosions of vessels containing high pressure gases or superheated liquids are a common accident in the chemical industry. Fragments are the most information-rich physical evidence in accident analysis. A method is presented to calculate the total explosion energy based on the characteristics of fragments from the scene of an accident, such as mass, horizontal displacement, etc. The implicit expressions of the initial velocity can be obtained through analysing the trajectory equations of the fragments and the data obtained from the scene of the accident. The total energy is calculated from the relationship between the total explosion energy and the kinetic energy of the fragment. During the calculation there are some uncertain parameters, e.g., the energy factor and the initial angle. To solve the parameter uncertainties, a Monte-Carlo simulation is introduced. Analysis of an industrial accident shows that it is feasible to estimate the total explosion energy using the maximum probability density interval with the proposed methodology.     

Two-dimensional numerical modeling of Sr transport in an unsaturated Chinese loess under artificial sprinkling

⁹⁰Sr is a fission byproduct of uranium and plutonium, and it presents a major health problem in the environment. A field test on the transport of various radionuclides including ⁹⁰Sr in an unsaturated Chinese loess was conducted under artificial rain conditions from July 1997 to August 2000. The vertical concentration distribution of ⁹⁰Sr displayed an unusual profile of double concentration peaks, which were separated by a thin (0.7 cm) source layer. In order to interpret the double-peak concentration profile, the transport of ³H and ⁹⁰Sr in the unsaturated Chinese loess under artificial sprinkling conditions was simulated using WATERM, a numerical code for simulating flow field, and NESOR, also a numerical code but for simulating nuclide migration. The models were able to adequately simulate the double-peak concentration profile. The observation suggested that the fine arenaceous quartz layer, though 0.7 cm thick, formed a capillary barrier together with the local loess, which prevented water from penetrating. A significant discrepancy was observed between the model-fitted distribution coefficient (K_d) of ⁹⁰Sr and that determined from independent laboratory experiments, which can be attributed to a number of factors such as the capillary barrier effect, solution-to-solid ratio and soil water content. Therefore, when the model is used for predictive purposes where K_d is used as an input parameter, K_d must be determined under well controlled conditions by taking into account these factors as well as the heterogeneity in the field.     

农用地资源修正法定级之技术路线探讨——以佛山市高明区为例

目前我国农用地资源定级很少运用修正法，少数学者对修正法定级做过尝试性的实证研究工作，以期探讨修正法定级技术路线的科学性与可行性。在前人研究的基础上，以佛山高明区为例，探讨了修正法定级之修正基础的确定、修正因素的选择、修正系数的计算、定级指数的确定等几个关键技术步骤，提出了以农用地自然质量等指数作为修正基础，采用标准化方法对修正因素分值进行订正，用连乘法计算农用地质量定级指数来划分农用地级别的修正法定级的技术路线，并与因素法定级的成果进行对比分析与验证。     

多目标决策方法在防台风中的应用

提出了一种基于不确定信息和蒙特卡罗模拟的多目标决策方法,在投入一定的情况下,选取最合适的台风防灾减灾措施.该方法允许决策者对不同属性指标给出相应的效用函数和属性权重区间值,通过随机选取权重值和效用函数区间内的值相乘得出结果,并使用蒙特卡罗模拟技术对结果进行了敏感性分析.最后,以浙江省台风灾害防灾减灾措施的比较为例,详细讨论了该方法的应用.