芜湖市生态占用测度方法的分析与应用

应用Wackemagel等提出的生态占用测度方法对芜湖市2004年的生态占用和生态容量进行了分析和计算。利用生态占用分析方法从宏观上度量了芜湖市社会经济发展的可持续性以及生态状况。结果表明，计算年的人均生态赤字为3．757429226hm^2．并提出了相应的对策和措施，为芜湖市建设“生态城市”提供量化依据。     

影响电子束氨法烟气脱硫效率与脱硝率主要因素的分析

介绍了在某处电子束氨法烟气脱硫脱硝(简称EA-FGD)工业试验装置上的试验结果,并对影响二氧化硫和氮氧化物脱除效率的主要因素进行了分析,指出了提高脱除效率,降低能耗的方向.     

恢复生态学研究的一些基本问题探讨

对恢复生态学的研究概况、基本概念、内涵与研究内容以及生态恢复的目标、原则、程序与技术进行了分析与探讨，指出恢复生态学应加强基础理论研究和应用技术研究。生态恢复与重建是指根据生态学原理，通过一定的生物、生态和工程技术，人为地切断生态系统退化的主导因子和过程，调整和优化系统内部及其与外界的物质、能量和信息的流动过程及其时空秩序，使生态系统的结构、功能和生态学潜力尽快成功地恢复到原有的乃至更高水平。     

Willingness and behavior towards e-waste recycling for residents in Beijing city,China

This paper is to investigate the behavior of residents towards electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) recycling in Beijing. For this purpose a large sample questionnaire survey was performed to explore the residents’ characteristics of recycling behavior and preference of e-waste recycling pattern. Besides, the willingness of residents to participate in e-waste recycling was also assessed in our study. For this a logistic regression model was developed to estimate and explain residents’ willingness in e-waste recycling. The model showed that Convenience of recycling facilities and service, Residential conditions, Recycling habit and Economic benefits are four determinants of Beijing residents’ willingness and behavior in e-waste recycling. And centralized recycling pattern by professional recovery spots would have a broad prospect if various kinds of channels can be provided to make the residents feel more convenient in e-waste recycling.     

矿区工业旅游资源开发的SWOT分析——以四川省嘉阳煤矿为例

随着矿区矿产资源的枯竭,大多数矿区正在积极寻求可持续的发展道路。矿区工业旅游资源的开发利用,将从一个全新的角度促进矿区的可持续发展。在理解矿区工业旅游内涵及意义的基础上,借助SWOT分析法,对四川省嘉阳煤矿工业旅游资源的优势、劣势、机遇及威胁进行了全面分析,以期为嘉阳矿区工业旅游资源的开发利用和对嘉阳矿区社会经济的可持续发展提供参考依据。     

建筑材料及制品燃烧性能试验规范概述

建筑材料和制品燃烧性试验规范对保证建筑物内人的生命安全和财产安全是极为重要的。笔者对美国、加拿大、欧盟、日本以及中国的建筑材料燃烧性能试验规范进行分析、比较和综述。通过研究认为美国和加拿大对建筑材料燃烧性能的要求和试验方法基本相似,他们主要针对材料的燃烧性、火焰传播进行检测;欧盟于2001年颁布了新的燃烧性分级体系,该分级体系包括专门针对铺地材料部分和针对其他所有建筑构件材料和产品部门;日本采用锥形量热计法(ISO5660)将内装饰材料分为不燃、准不燃和阻燃材料3个等级;我国对建筑材料的试验方法包括不燃性试验方法、墙和天花板内装饰材料的三级分级体系和铺地材料两级分级体系。     

活性炭纤维对于离子的电吸附选择性能研究

通过循环伏安测试、交流阻抗测试、电吸附实验等方法研究了单组分和多组分溶液中不同离子在活性炭纤维电极表面的选择性电吸附性能。结果表明,电吸附选择性能与离子的水合半径、离子价态、离子浓度有关;增大初始浓度可以提高电吸附容量;并且,由于强烈的选择吸附作用,Ca2+离子可以吸附取代其它已经被吸附的离子。     

Adsorption and biodegradation of three selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in river-based artificial groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater

Endocrine disrupting chemical(EDC) pollution in river-based artificial groundwater recharge using reclaimed municipal wastewater poses a potential threat to groundwater-based drinking water supplies in Beijing, China. Lab-scale leaching column experiments simulating recharge were conducted to study the adsorption, biodegradation, and transport characteristics of three selected EDCs: 17β-estradiol(E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol(EE2) and bisphenol A(BPA). The three recharge columns were operated under the conditions of continual sterilization recharge(CSR), continual recharge(CR), and wetting and drying alternative recharge(WDAR). The results showed that the attenuation effect of the EDCs was in the order of WDAR CR CSR system and E2 EE2 BPA, which followed first-order kinetics. The EDC attenuation rate constants were 0.0783, 0.0505, and 0.0479 m-1 for E2, EE2 and BPA in the CR system, respectively. The removal rates of E2, EE2, and BPA in the CR system were 98%, 96% and 92%, which mainly depended on biodegradation and were affected by water temperature.In the CR system, the concentrations of BPA, EE2, and E2 in soil were 4, 6 and 10 times higher than in the WDAR system, respectively. According to the DGGE fingerprints, the bacterial community in the bottom layer was more diverse than in the upper layer, which was related to the EDC concentrations in the water-soil system. The dominant group was found to be proteobacteria, including Betaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, suggesting that these microbes might play an important role in EDC degradation.     

黔中黄壤坡耕地区域降水及其氮磷输入特征

黄壤坡耕地不仅具有“黏、酸、瘦”的特点,而且水土、养分流失普遍严重,引起一系列农业面源污染环境问题。以黔中黄壤坡耕地氮磷流失长期定位监测基地为平台,于2008─2012年连续5年进行观测,研究了降水及氮磷湿沉降浓度、总量及季节性变化等特征,探明了降雨带入的氮磷养分对黄壤坡耕地养分流失的贡献,为农业生产、农业面源污染防治对策提供科学依据。结果表明：2008─2012年间,年降雨次数变幅为46~109次,年均64次;年降雨量变幅为558.4~901.5 mm,年均695.7 mm;频次降雨量变幅为6.5~15.5 mm,平均10.9 mm。5年湿沉降TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N、TP浓度变幅,分别为1.57~3.31、0.17~0.79、0.10~0.94和0.06~0.48 mol·L-1,平均值分别为1.91、0.42、0.28、0.14 mol·L-1,均与降水量呈负相关,但未达到显著水平;5年湿沉降TN、NO3--N、NH4+-N、TP输入量变幅,分别为11.19~18.47、0.96~5.47、1.22~6.65和0.42~1.34 kg·hm-2·a-1,平均值分别为14.32、3.37、2.77、1.09 kg·hm-2·a-1,TN、TP输入量与降雨量呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.774、0.707,P值分别为0.0003、0.0015)。输入量季节性变化5─8月最为集中,5─7月TN输入量为6.95 kg·hm-2,占全年TN输入量的比例高达51.1%;6─8月TP输入量为0.49 kg·hm-2,占全年TP输入量的比例高达47.4%,即冬、春季较低,夏、秋季较高。湿沉降TN、TP输入量相当于当地施肥投入的氮、磷素总量的7.54%、1.14%,因此在农业生产中制定施肥方案时,可考虑坡耕地湿沉降养分的输入,尤其是氮养分的输入。