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81.
Xiao-Bing Yang Guang-Guo Ying Rai S. Kookana 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):152-161
An efficient and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of 38 pesticides in agricultural drainage waters and soils has been developed and validated. Water samples were extracted using solid-phase extraction with C18 cartridges while solid samples (suspended particle matter and soil) were extracted by using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method. The target pesticides were analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization. The proposed method allowed a simultaneous determination and confirmation of a large number of pesticides in agricultural drainage waters, suspended particle matters and soils/sediments with a good reproducibility and low detection limits. The developed method was applied to a survey of pesticides in a vegetable growing area of Guangzhou, China. The pesticides commonly found in the area were butachlor, carbofuran, dichlorvos, fipronil, isocarbophos and pyridaben. 相似文献
82.
Anamika Agarwal Harminder Pal Singh J. P. N. Rai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(13):7938-7944
The aim of present study was to remediate chromium (Cr)-contaminated soil by Crotalaria juncea in the presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Inoculation of P. fluorescens in pot soil grown with C. juncea significantly increased (~2-fold) the water-soluble (Ws) and exchangeable (Ex) Cr contents in contaminated soil under greenhouse condition. It also enhanced the chlorophyll content by 92 % and plant biomass by 99 % as compared to the uninoculated C. juncea plant. The analysis showed that root and shoot uptake of Cr in C. juncea inoculated by P. fluorescens was 3.08- and 2.82-fold, respectively. This research showed that the association of C. juncea and P. fluorescens could be a promising technology for increasing the soil Cr bioavailability and plant growth for successful phytoextraction of Cr from the contaminated soil. 相似文献
83.
84.
The effect of plant-eating by the slug, Mariaella dussimieri Gray, and by certain lepidopteran insects and their larvae was studied under field conditions, on the growth of two sympatric annual weeds, Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake and G. parviflora Cav., in pure and mixed stands. Under the influence of herbivory, both weeds generally produced a greater number of leaves, but the leaf area per plant was drastically reduced. Plant survival and seed output decreased in both weeds due to herbivory, but the effect was more severe in G. parviflora, especially in the mixed stands. Herbivory also reduced the dry matter yield and delayed flowering in G. parviflora. Relatively poor growth of G. parviflora in the mixed stand exposed to herbivory could be attributed to its preferential feeding by the slug and insects which reduced the competitive ability of this weed against G. ciliata. 相似文献
85.
Rai Bina Mercurio Steven Don 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10629-10641
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Carbendazim and thiram are fungicides used in combination to prevent mold destruction of crops. Studies have demonstrated genotoxicity by these... 相似文献
86.
Heavy metals in water, sediments and wetland plants in an aquatic ecosystem of tropical industrial region, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rai PK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,158(1-4):433-457
Concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, Zn, Hg, Ni, and Cd) and macronutrients (Mn) were measured in industrial effluents, water, bottom sediments, and wetland plants from a reservoir, Govind Ballabh (G.B.) Pant Sagar, in Singrauli Industrial region, India. The discharge point of a thermal power plant, a coal mine, and chlor-alkali effluent into the G.B. Pant Sagar were selected as sampling sites with one reference site in order to compare the findings. The concentrations of heavy metals in filtered water, sieved sediment samples (0.4-63 microm), and wetland plants were determined with particle-induced X-ray emission. The collected plants were Aponogeton natans, L. Engl. & Krause, Cyperus rotundus, L., Hydrilla verticillata, (L.f.) Royle, Ipomoea aquatica, Forssk., Marsilea quadrifolia, L., Potamogeton pectinatus, L., Eichhornia crassipes, (Mart.) Solms Monogr., Lemna minor, L., Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Linnaea, Azolla pinnata, R.Br., Vallisneria spiralis, L., and Polygonum amphibium, L. In general, metal concentration showed a significant positive correlation between industrial effluent, lake water, and lake sediment (p < 0.01). Likewise, significant positive correlation was recorded with metals concentration in plants and lake ambient, which further indicated the potential of aforesaid set of wetland macrophytes for pollution monitoring. 相似文献
87.
Rapid measurement of heavy metals in soil is an important factor in modeling the effect of industrial pollution on agricultural soil. Conventional methods of heavy metal analysis are relatively slow in terms of measurement/analysis time and sample preparation time with the requirement of skilled manpower. Our results highlight the quantitative analysis of toxic metal lead (Pb), for the first time, in an Indian agricultural soil, in the vicinity of brick-kiln area, Phaphamau, near Allahabad, India, by using a novel technique named as Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). LIBS spectra of soil has been recorded in the wavelength range from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared region (200-1,100 nm). The suitability of Pb lines for drawing the calibration curve is checked and realized, for the first time, that 220.3 nm, which is observed in the UV region of LIBS spectra, is completely interference free and best suited for the quantification of trace amount of Pb in soil instead of any other Pb lines, because it has best linear regression coefficient and smallest standard deviation of the background signal. In the present work the detection limit for Pb in soil is found to be 45 ppm. Based on the present work the concentration of Pb in agricultural soil of brick-kiln area in Phaphamau is found to be congruent with 570 ppm, which is more than the regulatory standards imposed by US Environmental Protection Agency (400 ppm) for the presence of lead in soil, therefore, it is of great concern to us. 相似文献
88.
Kunwar P. Singh Shikha Gupta Premanjali Rai 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(5):2749-2765
Kernel function-based regression models were constructed and applied to a nonlinear hydro-chemical dataset pertaining to surface water for predicting the dissolved oxygen levels. Initial features were selected using nonlinear approach. Nonlinearity in the data was tested using BDS statistics, which revealed the data with nonlinear structure. Kernel ridge regression, kernel principal component regression, kernel partial least squares regression, and support vector regression models were developed using the Gaussian kernel function and their generalization and predictive abilities were compared in terms of several statistical parameters. Model parameters were optimized using the cross-validation procedure. The proposed kernel regression methods successfully captured the nonlinear features of the original data by transforming it to a high dimensional feature space using the kernel function. Performance of all the kernel-based modeling methods used here were comparable both in terms of predictive and generalization abilities. Values of the performance criteria parameters suggested for the adequacy of the constructed models to fit the nonlinear data and their good predictive capabilities. 相似文献
89.
An eco-sustainable green approach for heavy metals management: two case studies of developing industrial region 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rai PK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(1):421-448
Multifaceted issues or paradigm of sustainable development should be appropriately addressed in the discipline of environmental
management. Pollution of the biosphere with toxic metals has accelerated dramatically since the beginning of the Industrial
Revolution. In present review, comparative assessment of traditional chemical technologies and phytoremediation has been reviewed
particularly in the context of cost-effectiveness. The potential of phytoremediation and green chemicals in heavy metals management
has been described critically. Further, the review explores our work on phytoremediation as green technology during the last
6 years and hand in hand addresses the various ecological issues, benefits and constraints pertaining to heavy metal pollution
of aquatic ecosystems and its phytoremediation as first case study. Second case study demonstrates the possible health implications
associated with use of metal contaminated wastewater for irrigation in peri-urban areas of developing world. Our researches
revealed wetland plants/macrophytes as ideal bio-system for heavy metals removal in terms of both ecology and economy, when
compared with chemical treatments. However, there are several constraints or limitations in the use of aquatic plants for
phytoremediation in microcosm as well as mesocosm conditions. On the basis of our past researches, an eco-sustainable model
has been proposed in order to resolve the certain constraints imposed in two case studies. In relation to future prospect,
phytoremediation technology for enhanced heavy metal accumulation is still in embryonic stage and needs more attention in
gene manipulation area. Moreover, harvesting and recycling tools needs more extensive research. A multidisciplinary research
effort that integrates the work of natural sciences, environmental engineers and policy makers is essential for greater success
of green technologies as a potent tool of heavy metals management. 相似文献
90.
Five woody plants species (i.e. Terminalia arjuna, Prosopis juliflora, Populus alba, Eucalyptus tereticornis and Dendrocalamus strictus) were selected for phytoremediation and grow on tannery sludge dumps of Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP), Unnao (Uttar Pradesh), India. Concentration of toxic metals were observed high in the raw tannery sludge i.e. Fe-1667 > Cr-628 > Zn-592 > Pb-427 > Cu-354 > Mn-210 > Cd-125 > Ni-76 mg kg−1 dw, respectively. Besides, physico-chemical properties of the raw sludge represented the toxic nature to human health and may pose numerous risks to local environment. The growth performances of woody plants were assessed in terms of various growth parameters such as height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and canopy area of plants. All the plant species have the capabilities to accumulate substantial amount of toxic metals in their tissues during the remediation. The ratio of accumulated metals in the plants were found in the order Fe > Cr > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd > Ni and significant changes in physico-chemical parameters of tannery sludge were observed after treatment. All the woody plants indicated high bioconcentration factor for different metals in the order Fe > Cr > Mn > Ni > Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu. After one year of phytoremediation, the level of toxic metals were removed from tannery sludge up to Cr (70.22)%, Ni (59.21)%, Cd (58.4)%, Fe (49.75)%, Mn (30.95)%, Zn (22.80)%, Cu (20.46)% and Pb (14.05)%, respectively. 相似文献