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511.
Gégo E Gilliland A Godowitch J Rao ST Porter PS Hogrefe C 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2008,58(4):580-588
In this paper, we examine the changes in ambient ozone concentrations simulated by the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for summer 2002 under three different nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission scenarios. Two emission scenarios represent best estimates of 2002 and 2004 emissions; they allow assessment of the impact of the NOx emissions reductions imposed on the utility sector by the NOx State Implementation Plan (SIP) Call. The third scenario represents a hypothetical rendering of what NOx emissions would have been in 2002 if no emission controls had been imposed on the utility sector. Examination of the modeled median and 95th percentile daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentrations reveals that median ozone levels estimated for the 2004 emission scenario were less than those modeled for 2002 in the region most affected by the NOx SIP Call. Comparison of the "no-control" with the "2002" scenario revealed that ozone concentrations would have been much higher in much of the eastern United States if the utility sector had not implemented NOx emission controls; exceptions occurred in the immediate vicinity of major point sources where increased NO titration tends to lower ozone levels. 相似文献
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S P Kale F P Carvalho K Raghu P D Sherkhane G G Pandit A M Rao P K Mukherjee N B Murthy 《Chemosphere》1999,39(6):969-976
Degradation of 14C-chlorpyrifos was studied in a marine ecosystem for 60 days and in marine sediment under moist and flooded conditions using a continuous flow system allowing a total 14C-mass balance for a period of 40 days. In the marine ecosystem, 14C-chlorpyrifos underwent rapid degradation and very little (1-2%) 14C-residues of the applied activity were detected after two months in sediments. Clams were major component of the ecosystem and played a significant role in degradation of the insecticide. In the continuous flow system chlorpyrifos did not undergo substantial mineralization. Volatilization accounted for 0.8-1% loss during first ten days of application. The amounts of extractable 14C-activity were higher in flooded sediments than in moist sediment. More bound residues were formed under moist conditions. TCP (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) was the major degradation product formed under both moist and flooded conditions, its formation being higher in the latter conditions. These studies underline the role of clams in degradation of chlorpyrifos and lack of microbial degradation. In absence of clams, chlorpyrifos underwent abiotic degradation in marine sediment with formation of bound residues. 相似文献
515.
稀土湿法冶炼废水处理与资源化研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对某稀土湿法冶炼工艺进行了以清洁生产为核心的技改方案研究,在清洁工艺设计的基础上,通过工艺原理分析和试验,说明其革新工艺的经济有效性;从酸浸废液中年回收硫酸亚铁3000t,从碱转废液中年回收硫酸钠3000t;从废水回收冰晶石,氟回收86%; 相似文献
516.
Keith Worrall Anthony Newton Ramesh Rao David Wood 《环境化学》2006,25(4):524-527
用高分离能力的气相色谱-高分辨质谱(HRGC-HRMS)核实二噁英/呋喃是一项昂贵又费时的分析工作,需要高素质的仪器操作人员,而在认证分析前采用筛选法检查样品是检测不出还是浓度超出HRGC-HRMS方法定量范围,可以大大地减少HRGC-HRMS实验室的工作负荷.最新提供的信息表明约10%筛选过的样品需用HRGC-HRMS认证/核实.有些GC/MS/MS方法需要多次进样以获得有毒和无毒的PCDD/Fs,或用功能变换法[1-4]可以确保检测出所有的有毒的2,3,7,8-氯代PCDD/Fs,但损失某些无毒的PCDD/Fs(2,3,7,8氯代PCDD/Fs除外). 相似文献
517.
Tire shreds have been used as an alternative to crushed stones (gravel) as drainage media in landfill leachate collection systems. The highly compressible nature of tire shreds (25-47% axial strain on vertical stress applications of 20-700 kPa) may reduce the thickness of the tire shred drainage layer to less than 300 mm (minimum design requirement) during the life of the municipal solid waste landfill. There hence exists a need to predict axial strains of tire shred samples in response to vertical stress applications so that the initial thickness of the tire shred drainage layer can be corrected for compression. The present study performs one-dimensional compressibility tests on four tire shred samples and compares the results with stress/strain curves from other studies. The stress/strain curves are developed into charts for choosing the correct initial thickness of tire shred layers that maintain the minimum thickness of 300 mm throughout the life of the landfill. The charts are developed for a range of vertical stresses based on the design height of municipal waste cell and bulk unit weight of municipal waste. Experimental results also showed that despite experiencing large axial strains, the average permeability of the tire shred sample consistently remained two to three orders of magnitude higher than the design performance criterion of 0.01cm/s for landfill drainage layers. Laboratory experiments, however, need to verify whether long-term chemical and bio-chemical reactions between landfill leachate and the tire shred layer will deteriorate their mechanical functions (hydraulic conductivity, compressibility, strength) beyond permissible limits for geotechnical applications. 相似文献
518.
Resource recovery from two metallurgical residues by flotation was investigated applying an electrostatic model to select initial conditions. The first, a sulphation roast/water leach residue, was processed to float lead sulphate, comparing dodecylamine and xanthate collectors. From the second, a neutralization residue, gypsum, was recovered by reverse flotation of ferric hydroxide, comparing oleate and sulphonate collectors. In both cases, further upgrading by acid leaching was considered. 相似文献
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