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471.
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473.
Tire shreds have been used as an alternative to crushed stones (gravel) as drainage media in landfill leachate collection systems. The highly compressible nature of tire shreds (25-47% axial strain on vertical stress applications of 20-700 kPa) may reduce the thickness of the tire shred drainage layer to less than 300 mm (minimum design requirement) during the life of the municipal solid waste landfill. There hence exists a need to predict axial strains of tire shred samples in response to vertical stress applications so that the initial thickness of the tire shred drainage layer can be corrected for compression. The present study performs one-dimensional compressibility tests on four tire shred samples and compares the results with stress/strain curves from other studies. The stress/strain curves are developed into charts for choosing the correct initial thickness of tire shred layers that maintain the minimum thickness of 300 mm throughout the life of the landfill. The charts are developed for a range of vertical stresses based on the design height of municipal waste cell and bulk unit weight of municipal waste. Experimental results also showed that despite experiencing large axial strains, the average permeability of the tire shred sample consistently remained two to three orders of magnitude higher than the design performance criterion of 0.01cm/s for landfill drainage layers. Laboratory experiments, however, need to verify whether long-term chemical and bio-chemical reactions between landfill leachate and the tire shred layer will deteriorate their mechanical functions (hydraulic conductivity, compressibility, strength) beyond permissible limits for geotechnical applications. 相似文献
474.
Resource recovery from two metallurgical residues by flotation was investigated applying an electrostatic model to select initial conditions. The first, a sulphation roast/water leach residue, was processed to float lead sulphate, comparing dodecylamine and xanthate collectors. From the second, a neutralization residue, gypsum, was recovered by reverse flotation of ferric hydroxide, comparing oleate and sulphonate collectors. In both cases, further upgrading by acid leaching was considered. 相似文献
475.
The utilization of water quality analysis to inform optimal decision-making is imperative to achieve sustainable management of river water quality. A multitude of research works in the past has focused on river water quality modeling. Despite being a precise statistical regression technique that allows for fitting separate models for all potential combinations of predictors and selecting the optimal subset model, the application of best subset method in river water quality modeling is not widely adopted. The current research aims to validate the use of best subset method in evaluating the water quality parameters of the Godavari River, one of the largest rivers in India, by developing regression equations for different combinations of its physicochemical parameters. The study involves in formulating best subset regression equations to estimate the concentrations of river water quality parameters while also identifying and quantifying their variations. A total of 17 water quality parameters are analyzed at 13 monitoring sites using 13 years (1993–2005) of observed data for the monsoon (June–October) period and post-monsoon (November–February) period. The final subset model is selected among model combinations that are developed for each year's dataset through widely used statistical criteria such as R2, F value, adjusted R2a, AICc, and RSS. The final best subset model across all parameters exhibits R2 values surpassing 0.8, indicating that the models possess the ability to account for over 80% of the variations in the concentrations of dependent parameters. Therefore, the findings demonstrated the appropriateness of this method in evaluating the water quality parameters in extensive rivers. This work is very useful for decision-making and in the management of river water quality for its sustainable use in the study area. 相似文献
476.
Regmi S Ongwandee M Morrison G Fitch M Surampalli R 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(6):761-768
Anaerobic lagoons are a major source of odor at concentrated animal feeding operations. Seven different kinds of artificial (geotextile and polyethylene foam) and natural (straw and redwood) permeable lagoon covers were evaluated for their potential to reduce odorous emissions generated by anaerobic waste lagoons. A novel floating sampling raft was constructed and used to simultaneously evaluate the effectiveness of lagoon covers on an operating swine waste lagoon. The air collected from the raft was evaluated for odor, total reduced sulfur (TRS) compounds, ammonia, total hydrocarbons, dimethyldisulfide, and trimethylamine. The emission rates from the lagoon were highly variable both temporally and spatially. All of the lagoon covers substantially reduced TRS emissions and odor. Geotextile fabric and a recycled foam cover exhibited the greatest reduction in total hydrocarbon emissions; natural covers were less effective. Because of consistently low emission rates of ammonia, no statistically significant reduction of ammonia emissions were observed from any of the lagoon covers. 相似文献
477.
Rao CV Afzal M Malallah G Kurian M Gulshan S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,132(1-3):439-443
Vicia faba was grown in crude oil polluted soil and its roots were extracted for the detection and estimation of hydrocarbons. Saturated
and unsaturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (AHs) ranging from C22 to C36 were identified in AHs fraction. However, PAHs were not present in the same extract. This could be due to the fact that PAHs
being toxic compounds are not accumulated in the plant root extracts of V. faba grown in crude oil polluted soil. Three phytoalexins were identified and estimated by mass spectrometric analysis in the
root extracts of V. faba. These three compounds are 2-t-butyl-4-(dimethyl benzyl) phenol, 2, 4-bis (dimethyl benzyl) phenol and 2,4-bis (dimethyl benzyl)-6-butyl phenol. These phenolics
in V. faba are being reported for the first time. These compounds are presumably elicited as a direct stress on crude oil hydrocarbons
on the roots of this plant. 相似文献
478.
Kumar KS Suvardhan K Rekha D Kiran K Rao GC Jayaraj B Janardhanam K Chiranjeevi P 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,129(1-3):271-276
Facile, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of carbosulfan in insecticidal
formulations, fortified water, food grains, agriculture wastewater and soil samples with newly synthesized reagents. The method
was based on acid and alkaline hydrolysis of the carbosulfan pesticide, and the resultant hydrolysis product of carbosulfan
was coupled with 2,6-dibromo-4-methylaniline to give a yellow color product with λ
max of 464 nm or interaction with 2,6-dibromo-4-nitroaniline to produce yellow colored product with λ
max of 408 nm or coupling with 2,4,6-tribromoaniline to form red colored product has a λ
max of 471 nm. Under optimal conditions, Beer’s law range for 2,6-dibromo-4-methylaniline (DBMA) was found to be 0.2–12.0 μg
ml−1, 0.6–16.0 μg ml−1 for 2,6-dibromo-4-nitroaniline (DBNA) and 0.4–15.0 μg ml−1 for 2,4,6-tribromoaniline (TBA). The molar absorptivity of the color systems were found to be 3.112 × 104 l mol−1 cm−1 for DBMA, 3.214 × 104 l mol−1 cm−1 for DBNA and 3.881 × 104 l mol−1 cm−1 for TBA. Sandell’s of the color reactions are 0.013 μg cm−2 (DBMA), 0.012 μg cm−2 (DBNA) and 0.011 μg cm−2 (TBA) respectively. The effect of the non-target species on the determination of carbosulfan was studied to enhance the selectivity
of the proposed methods. The formation of colored derivatives with the coupling agents is instantaneous and stable for 28,
30, and 26 h. Performance of the proposed methods were compared statistically in terms Student’s F and t-tests with the reported methods.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
479.
Dhayalan K Fathima NN Gnanamani A Rao JR Nair BU Ramasami T 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2007,27(6):760-767
Leather processing generates huge amounts of both solid and liquid wastes. The management of solid wastes, especially tanned leather waste, is a challenging problem faced by tanners. Hence, studies on biodegradability of leather become imperative. In this present work, biodegradability of untanned, chrome tanned and vegetable tanned leather under anaerobic conditions has been addressed. Two different sources of anaerobes have been used for this purpose. The effect of detanning as a pretreatment method before subjecting the leather to biodegradation has also been studied. It has been found that vegetable tanned leather leads to more gas production than chrome tanned leather. Mixed anaerobic isolates when employed as an inoculum are able to degrade the soluble organics of vegetable tanned material and thus exhibit an increased level of gas production during the initial days, compared to the results of the treatments that received the anaerobic sludge. With chrome tanned materials, there was not much change in the volume of the gas produced from the two different sources. It has been found that detanning tends to improve the biodegradability of both types of leathers. 相似文献
480.