This paper explains briefly the conceptual framework of an ecosystem-based multiple-use forest management planning focusing on biodiversity conservation and participation. Some results from a case study were documented to realize the implementation of the concept. A strong liaison between the related institutions and major stakeholders and the effective use of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) are necessary. Effective participation is evident only with the involvement of enthusiastic and skillful stakeholders. A case study of ??neada, Turkey, supported the idea that participation as communication has better possibilities to promote multiple-use forest management than participation as information gathering. Primary challenges relate to the effectiveness of conservation program, availability of coherent biodiversity data, capacity building; awareness, training, and common understanding of biodiversity and protected area concept; coordination among the related institutions and stakeholders; and willingness and enthusiasm of authorities to accept and implement the concept. 相似文献
Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis has gained great importance in the study of soil microbial community structure. This structure can give indication of the soil status. Purpose of the present paper is to analyse PLFA patterns in altered agricultural soils in order to develop a soil status alteration index. Soils subjected either to intensive agricultural exploitation, or to overflow by municipal and industrial wastes, or to irrigation with saline waters were analysed for PLFA content and compared to adjacent untreated soils by means of different statistical techniques.
Principal component analysis separated PLFAs in three groups: unsaturated PLFAs (first axis, 48% of total variance), monounsaturated and cyclopropane PLFAs (second axis, 28% of total variance) and polyunsaturated PLFAs (third axis, 24% of total variance).
By means of canonical discriminant analysis, a soil alteration index (SAI) was produced from 15 PLFAs using two data sets. A third data set was used to test the SAI general validity together with other data sets reported in literature. The index validity was confirmed in most cases: SAI gave higher scores for control soils and was generally able to classify soils according to their reported degree of alteration. 相似文献
The effect of solar UV radiation (UVR: 290–400 nm) on the 32P-phosphate uptake rates of natural phytoplankton from a southern Atlantic Ocean coastal lagoon was studied during two consecutive summers at one station located in the marine-influenced area. Due to the shallowness of this lagoon and also to the generally high UV water transparency in this area, phytoplankton are exposed to high UV irradiances. The 32P-phosphate uptake rates measured at several phosphate concentrations were inhibited up to 59.2% by UVR, although uptake stimulation was also observed in four of nine experiments (up to 28%). The effect of UVR on the apparent maximum velocity of 32P-phosphate uptake (Vuptake) ranged from an inhibition of 49% to a stimulation of 31%. Although the highest inhibition values were associated with the maximum registered incident UV irradiance, a significant correlation between these two parameters was not observed. Changes in microalgal community structure were not related to the observed UV effect; however, a significant relationship was found between the inhibition of 32P-phosphate uptake rates and Vuptake used as a proxy for phosphate deficiency. This relationship suggests that the phytoplankton phosphorus nutritional status modulates their sensitivity to UV exposure. Overall, our results suggest that solar UVR has the potential to affect phosphorus cycling.Communicated by O. Kinne, Oldendorf/Luhe 相似文献
Specimen of freshwater fish (Cyprinidae) was collected from polluted and clean areas in dam Lake of Seyhan. Ten (n=10) fish were taken from each site. Liver preparations of fish from the two sources were comparatively assayed for glutathione-S-transferase (GST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), catalase (CAT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). All systems were significantly (p<0.1) affected at the polluted site. The microscopic examination of the liver tissues of the fish living in the polluted area showed mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration, cloudy degenerations, congestions and also micro- and macrovesicular fatty degenerations. These results provide evidence that both biochemical parameters and histopathological observations can be assumed as sensitive indicators of fish liver metabolism for polluted areas. 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Trihalomethanes (THMs), which is one of the major classes of DBP known to be highly cytotoxic and genotoxic, were formed and modeled under controlled... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Rapid migration to cities and the increasing demand for housing negatively affect living areas. Furthermore, uncontrolled population growth,... 相似文献
Norovirus (NoV) is recognised as one of the most common causes of foodborne infections, and shellfish are a well-documented
source of this virus. The presence of NoV in shellfish has not previously been investigated in Turkey, and hence the aim of
this study was to determine the frequency of human NoV genogroups I and II in mussels collected from the Bosphorus, Istanbul,
Turkey. A total of 320 mussels representing 110 samples originating along the Bosphorus coast were collected from fish distributors.
RNA was extracted using the RNeasy Mini Kit and real-time RT–PCR performed using primers specific for NoV genogroup I and
II. Amongst the 110 samples, 5 (4.5%) were found to be positive for NoV genogroup II by SYBR Green assay; no genogroup I was
detected. A positive signal was obtained by SYBR Green for NoV Genogroup II in mussels collected in October, November and
December 2008, and February and July 2009. Only four out of five SYBR Green positive samples could be confirmed by the use
of a NoV GII probe-based real-time RT–PCR. The average count and SD of Enterobactericaeae, E. coli and sulphide reductase anaerobic bacteria in PCR positive mussels were 3.56 log ± 0.96 log, 2.32 log ± 0.77 log and 1.70
log ± 0.56 log, respectively. This study shows that NoV Genogroup II is present in mussels collected from the Bosphorus, Istanbul,
and may constitute a risk to human health. 相似文献
Based on social cognitive theory (SCT), we develop and test a model that links ethical psychological climate to ethically focused proactive behavior (i.e., ethical voice and ethical taking charge) via two distinct mechanisms (i.e., duty orientation and moral potency). Results from multi-wave field studies conducted in the United States, Turkey, France, Vietnam, and India demonstrate that an ethical psychological climate indirectly influences employees' ethical voice and ethical taking charge behaviors through the dual mechanisms of duty orientation and moral potency. Additionally, we find that individuals' moral attentiveness strengthened these mediating processes. Together, these findings suggest that ethical psychological climate is an important antecedent of ethically focused proactive behavior by stimulating individuals' sense of duty and enhancing their moral potency, particularly when employees are already highly attuned to moral issues. 相似文献