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101.
垂直流人工湿地系统中水流规律的研究 总被引:26,自引:1,他引:26
对一种新型的垂直流人工湿地系统的水流特性进行了研究。考察了系统的运行状况及介质中滞留区的分布范围,并且运用化学工程中反应器理论,采用示踪剂试验的方法得到了垂直流人工湿地系统的停留时间分布与污水的实际停留时间。根据水流停留时间分布函数对系统实际液流流态进行了数学模拟,提出二级串联的理想完全混合反应器(CSTR)模型能够较好地模拟垂直流人工湿地系统中水流的流动形态。 相似文献
102.
Regional Environmental Change - Increasingly, roles and responsibilities of the public sector in flood risk management are receiving attention in research and policy. Part of the debate suggests... 相似文献
103.
Reinhard Kruse 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1996,8(3):122-124
For the first time it is reported on the residues of chlorinated bis-(dichloropropyl) ethers in fish from the Elbe-river, and their octanol/water partition coefficients. 相似文献
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105.
Thomas Schinko Reinhard Mechler Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2017,22(7):1063-1086
Despite considerable uncertainties regarding the exact contribution of anthropogenic climate change to disaster risk, rising losses from extreme events have highlighted the need to comprehensively address climate-related risk. This requires linking climate adaptation to disaster risk management (DRM), leading to what has been broadly referred to as climate risk management (CRM). While this concept has received attention in debate, important gaps remain in terms of operationalizing it with applicable methods and tools for specific risks and decision-contexts. By developing and applying a methodological approach to CRM in the decision context of sovereign risk (flooding) in Austria we test the usefulness of CRM, and based on these insights, inform applications in other decision contexts. Our methodological approach builds on multiple lines of evidence and methods. These comprise of a broad stakeholder engagement process, empirical analysis of public budgets, and risk-focused economic modelling. We find that a CRM framework is able to inform instrumental as well as reflexive and participatory debate in practice. Due to the complex interaction of social–ecological systems with climate risks, and taking into account the likelihood of future contingent climate-related fiscal liabilities increasing substantially as a result of socioeconomic developments and climate change, we identify the need for advanced learning processes and iterative updates of CRM management plans. We suggest that strategies comprising a portfolio of policy measures to reduce and manage climate-related risks are particularly effective if they tailor individual instruments to the specific requirements of different risk layers. 相似文献
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108.
Reinhard Kurth 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1978,65(4):180-187
Immunological treatment of malignant human tumors has so far met with little success. Based on methods and insights obtained by investigation of corresponding animal models, this article attempts to elucidate the reasons for this failure and to suggest ways and means to improve immunotherapeutic approaches to human neoplasms. 相似文献
109.
Concentrations and specific loads of UV filters in sewage sludge originating from a monitoring network in Switzerland 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Plagellat C Kupper T Furrer R de Alencastro LF Grandjean D Tarradellas J 《Chemosphere》2006,62(6):915-925
Many substances related to human activities end up in wastewater and accumulate in sewage sludge. The present study focuses on the analysis of widely used UV filters 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor (4-MBC), octyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC), octocrylene (OC) and octyl-triazone (OT) in sewage sludge originating from a monitoring network in Switzerland. Mean concentrations in stabilised sludge from 14 wastewater treatment plants were 1780, 110, 4840 and 5510 microg/kg dry matter for 4-MBC, OMC, OC and OT, respectively. Specific loads in sewage sludge show that UV filters originate mainly from private households, but surface runoff and industries may be considered as additional sources. This indicates that besides use for sunscreens and cosmetics UV filters might occur in plastics and other materials and be released to the environment by volatilization or leaching. Differences between the modeled per capita loads of UV filters in sewage sludge and the observed specific loads in sewage sludge are probably due to erroneous figures of production volumes, degradation and sorption during wastewater treatment as well as degradation processes during transport in the sewer or sludge treatment. Thus, further research is needed to elucidate the fate of UV filters after application and release into the environment. Other compounds used as UV filters should be included in future studies. 相似文献
110.
反应器理论在复合垂直流构建湿地水流流态研究中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
运用反应器理论研究了一种新型的复合垂直流构建湿地系统(IVCW)的水流流态,由示踪剂试验得到水流停留时间分布(RTD),从而确定了IVCW在水力负荷为200~800mm/d时,停留时间为19~35h,并由RTD曲线的特征值确定IVCW的水流流态介于理想推流与完全混合流之间,同时应用离散流模型,不仅较好地模拟了IVCW的实际水流流态,还得到了水流的Peclect准数在11~19之间.通过有植物与无植物系统的对照发现植物根系有利于IVCW的水流流态接近理想推流状态. 相似文献