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11.
Identification of key issues for further investigation in improving the reliability of life-cycle assessments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Reinout Heijungs 《Journal of Cleaner Production》1996,4(3-4)
The interative nature of life-cycle assessment (LCA) means that more details are looked for until a certain level of reliability has been achieved. This paper is concerned with the identification of key issues for further investigation in such an iterative procedure. Key issues in this context are defined as those aspects of an LCA which need more detailed research to arrive at a solid conclusion. The main concept in the context of finding key issues is the study of the propagation of uncertainties in underlying data. The structured procedure of LCA can be described in mathematical terms, so that standard mathematical techniques for the study of the propagation of uncertainties can be employed. The influence of uncertainties in input data on uncertainties in output data can be calculated, and the main source of the resulting uncertainties can be identified. The result of the analysis is a list of prioritized key issues for more detailed research and more accurate data. 相似文献
12.
Huijbregts MA Struijs J Goedkoop M Heijungs R Jan Hendriks A van de Meent D 《Chemosphere》2005,61(10):1495-1504
The present paper outlines an update of the fate and exposure part of the fate, exposure and effects model USES-LCA. The new fate and exposure module of USES-LCA was applied to calculate human population intake fractions and fate factors of the freshwater, marine and terrestrial environment for 3393 substances, including neutral organics, dissociating organics and inorganics, emitted to 7 different emission compartments. The human population intake fraction is on average 10(-5)-10(-8) for organics and 10(-3)-10(-4) for inorganics, depending on the emission compartment considered. Chemical-specific human population intake fractions can be 1-2.7 orders of magnitude higher or lower compared to the typical estimates. For inorganics, the human population intake fractions highly depend on the assumption that exposure via food products can be modelled with constant bioconcentration factors. The environmental fate factor is on average 10(-11)-10(-18) days m(-3) for organics and 10(-10)-10(-12) days m(-3) for inorganics, depending on the receiving environment and the emission compartment considered. Chemical-specific environmental fate factors can be 1-8 orders of magnitude higher or lower compared to the typical estimates. The largest differences between the new and old version of USES-LCA are found for emissions to air and soil. This is caused by a significant change in the structure of the air and soil compartments in the new version of USES-LCA, i.e. the distinction between rural and urban air, including rain-no rain conditions and including soil depth dependent intermedia transport. 相似文献
13.
Ester van der Voet René Kleijn Lauran van Oers Reinout Heijungs Ruben Huele Paul Mulder Ester van der Voet Reinout Heijungs Paul Mulder Ruben Huele et al. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1995,2(2):89
In the tradition of the study of materials flows through society, the Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) method and its software
tool SFINX are presented. SFA aims at providing the relevant information for a country’s overall management strategy regarding
single substances or coherent groups of substances. Three modelling techniques and their possibilities and limitations are
discussed: Bookkeeping, static modelling, and dynamic modelling. The computer program SFINX can be used for varoius purposes:
(1) to obtain an overview of stocks and flows of a substance in, out and through a nation’s economy and environment for a
specific year, (2) to trace the origins of specific pollution problems, and (3) to estimate the effectiveness of certain abatement
measures. Each application has its own requirements with regard to data and modelling. 相似文献
14.
Senga Kiess Tristan Heijungs Reinout Corson Michael S. 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2022,27(3):413-424
Environmental Modeling & Assessment - Dairy farms are systems with multiple dependent variables whose practices influence their economic and environmental performances. Decisions made and... 相似文献
15.
Senga Kiess Tristan Heijungs Reinout Corson Michael S. 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2022,27(4):727-727
Environmental Modeling & Assessment - 相似文献