Does the great spotted cuckoo choose magpie hosts according to their parenting ability?

When brood parasites are about to lay an egg, they have to decide which nest to parasitize. The best nest in which to lay will depend on the parenting ability of the host. We have studied selection of magpie (Pica pica) hosts by great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius). Great spotted cuckoos preferentially parasitize large host nests. Nest volume in magpies is a good indicator of territory quality, since there is a negative relationship between magpie nest size and breeding date, and timing of breeding in magpies is known to be positively related to territory quality. Moreover, magpies occupying high-quality territories have high breeding success. Therefore, nest size is positively related to the quality of magpies. Parasitized magpie nests were of greater volume than the nearest neighbouring nest not parasitized by the great spotted cuckoo. In order to test whether the great spotted cuckoos might select high-quality magpie hosts, we manipulated pairs of parasitized and non-parasitized nests with identical laying dates and habitats, introducing into each of the nests the same number of parasitic and non-parasitic eggs. The number of fledglings reared (magpie plus great spotted cuckoo chicks) in naturally parasitized nests was higher than in experimentally parasitized nests. Thus, the probability of survival of the parasite chicks increased if cuckoo eggs were laid in the nests of high-quality hosts originally chosen by the parasite.     

Detennination of trace uranium in environment by laser induced fluorescence method

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冷摆辗组合凹模的设计计算

模具寿命是冷摆辗的关键问题之一,增加模具强度就能显著地提高模具寿命.目前国内外都采用组合凹模来增加模具强度.此文针对摆动辗压设备的结构特点,应用弹性力学的厚壁圆筒理论以及结构力学的最大剪应力强度理论,对冷摆辗组合凹模的优化设计进行了探讨.     

造气吹风气烟尘污染治理的技术措施

该文叙述了合成氨生产造气工段吹风气烟尘治理的技术措施与注意事项 ,指出在改进工况操作、减少吹风带出物的同时 ,设置干式旋风除尘与水膜除尘 ,可取得很好的治理效果 ,烟尘达标排放 ,经济效益显著     

氨基酸系列型煤复合粘结剂的研制

一系列以高浓度有机废水为主料，根据高聚物相似互溶、扩散渗透原理，基于高聚物交联(架侨)反应，使原来呈线状结构或轻度支链的天然高分子交联成三维空间网状结构的复合粘结剂。本系列复合粘结剂来源广，价格低，用于粉煤加工成型，基本不受煤种、配煤比、固硫剂的制约。其型煤冷热强度高，防潮抗水性好，脱硫固灰率高，易着火，能燃尽、不结焦，成本低，适用于工业和民用的清洁燃烧，能减轻S02、高浓度有机废水的污染及危害。     

铁路煤扬尘抑尘试验研究

抑尘剂溶液喷洒在煤堆表面后,能使其表面粘结形成具有一定强度的硬壳,具有防尘作用.试验测定了未喷抑尘剂和喷有不同抑尘剂的煤样在30 m/s风速下的扬尘浓度,并在黑龙江省鸡西市华峰洗煤厂进行了现场试验.试验结果表明,喷洒抑尘剂对铁路煤运中煤抑尘效果有一定改善.铁路煤运过程中应用该抑尘剂不仅可以减少扬尘、保护环境,而且还可减少煤的流失.     

黑褐新糠虾的急性毒性测试方法及在钻井液毒性评价中的作用

于1992年开始在青岛胶州湾西海岸采集黑褐新糠虾（Neomysis awatschensis）并进行实验室的长期驯化培养，在实验室内以4－6d的蚴虾为实验材料，研究了黑褐新糠虾的急性毒性测试方法。比较了黑褐新糠虾和美国一种标准毒性测试实验生物巴西拟糠虾的分类学地位、地理分布和形态，以及标准毒物的敏感性。根据研究结果,建议将黑褐新糠虾作为我国的一种标准毒性测试的实验生物，并将该该方法应用于钻井液及其添加剂的毒性评价，本文将报道以上研究结果及该方法在几种钻井液及添加剂中的毒性评价结果。     

北京地区河流中大型底栖无脊椎动物与水质关系的研究

利用1983-1985年调查资料,对北京地区河流中大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构用生态学方法进行评价。指示生物、Trent生物指数和Shannon种类多样性指数评价结果是一致的。     

14C-呋喃丹农药在水稻-土壤生态系统中迁移和归宿的研究

研究了~(14)C-呋喃丹在水稻-土壤系统中的吸收、分布、迁移、转化,结果表明,呋喃丹随时间逐渐蓄积于水稻叶尖及边缘,而稻穗部位迁移甚微,收割后糙米中母体残留量仅为0.003ppm.在稻田土、水稻植株、水生植物中主要转化产物为结合态,蜗牛中则以代谢产物为主.呋喃丹有向土壤深层转移的趋向,其转化产物比母体有更强的渗透性,水生植物有较强吸收和富集能力,并很快转化代谢.