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41.
A probabilistic water quality index for river water quality assessment: a case study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nikoo MR Kerachian R Malakpour-Estalaki S Bashi-Azghadi SN Azimi-Ghadikolaee MM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,181(1-4):465-478
Available water quality indices have some limitations such as incorporating a limited number of water quality variables and providing deterministic outputs. This paper presents a hybrid probabilistic water quality index by utilizing fuzzy inference systems (FIS), Bayesian networks (BNs), and probabilistic neural networks (PNNs). The outputs of two traditional water quality indices, namely the indices proposed by the National Sanitation Foundation and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, are selected as inputs of the FIS. The FIS is trained based on the opinions of several water quality experts. Then the trained FIS is used in a Monte Carlo analysis to provide the required input-output data for training both the BN and PNN. The trained BN and PNN can be used for probabilistic water quality assessment using water quality monitoring data. The efficiency and applicability of the proposed methodology is evaluated using water quality data obtained from water quality monitoring system of the Jajrood River in Iran. 相似文献
42.
Hossein Reza Darabi Shabnam Mohandessi Yadollah Balavar Mojtaba Mirhosseini Moghaddam Kioumars Aghapoor Farshid Mohsenzadeh Abbas Ali Nourinia 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(4):519-524
Pre-harvest sprouting refers to the precocious germination of the grain in the spike prior to harvest as a result of moist
weather conditions at harvest time. From the agricultural viewpoint, it is necessary to impose an exogenous dormancy to wheat
seeds in order to improve the resistance of seed to pre-harvest sprouting. In this regard, we found that clove bud essential
oil is a strong inhibitor for wheat seed germination. The extract obtained from clove bud by supercritical fluid extraction
using CO2 as solvent minimized the number of extracts to two compounds, eugenol and eugenyl acetate. Eugenol, as the main constituent
of the oil, was responsible for its strong inhibitory activity in wheat seeds. The aqueous solution of clove bud oil was submitted
to germination assay at various concentrations from 50 to 400 mg/L. Complete inhibition of seed germination was recorded when
the concentration was 400 mg/L. Roots and sprouts have similar sensitivity to inhibitory effect. In an empirical study, the
synergistic cooperation of eugenol and eugenyl acetate from clove bud oil in the inhibition of seed germination was found
to be a 1:1 ratio. The clove bud essential oil is widely available and will broaden the horizon of applications for natural
and safe inhibitors in the fields. 相似文献
43.
Seidi Farzad Arabi Shamsabadi Ahmad Ebadi Amooghin Abtin Saeb Mohammad Reza Xiao Huining Jin Yongcan Rezakazemi Mashallah 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(2):1083-1128
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The application of natural biopolymers such as polysaccharides for the fabrication of bio-based membranes has recently attracted attention for CO2... 相似文献
44.
Jafari Bahareh Godini Hatam Soltani Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Seydi Enayatollah 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(14):20409-20420
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aimed to investigate the degradability, mineralization, proposed decomposition pathway, intermediate products, and toxicity of effluent... 相似文献
45.
Gharakezloo Yalda Norouzi Nikoo Mohammad Reza Karimi-Jashni Ayoub Mooselu Mehrdad Ghorbani 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(6):8597-8612
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Recognizing the vulnerable areas for contamination is a feasible way to protect groundwater resources. The main contribution of the paper is... 相似文献
46.
Mehrzad Keshavarzifard Farid Moore Behnam Keshavarzi Reza Sharifi 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(2):721-735
Surface sediment samples were collected from intertidal zone of Asaluyeh, Persian Gulf, to investigate distribution, sources and health risk of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total PAH concentrations ranged from 1.8 to 81.2 μg kg?1 dry weight, which can be categorized as low level of pollution. Qualitative and quantitative assessments showed that PAHs originated from both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources with slight pyrogenic dominance. Source apportionment using principal component analysis indicated that the main sources of PAHs were fossil fuel combustion (33.59%), traffic-related PAHs (32.77%), biomass and coal combustion (18.54%) and petrogenic PAHs (9.31%). According to the results from the sediment quality guidelines, mean effects range-median quotient (M-ERM-Q) and benzo[a]pyrene toxic equivalents (BaPeq), low negative ecological risks related to PAH compounds would occur in the intertidal zone of Asaluyeh. The total benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) toxic equivalent quotient (TEQcarc) for carcinogenic compounds ranged from 0.01 to 7 μg kg?1-BaPeq, indicating low carcinogenic risk. The human health risk assessment of PAH compounds via ingestion and dermal pathways suggests low and moderate potential risk to human health, respectively. 相似文献
47.
R. Sahraei A. Farmany S. S. Mortazavi M. Roushani S. Sobhanardakani M. Ghoochian 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(2):214-220
A method is reported for the determination of methyl violet in the range of 10–120 nmol L?1. The method is based on the catalytic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the oxidation reaction of methyl violet by potassium bromate in acid medium. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the change in absorbance () at 620 nm using a fixed time method. The reaction variables were optimized in order to achieve highest sensitivity. The 3б criterion detection limit was 5 nmol L?1, and the relative standard deviation for ten replicate determinations at a concentration of methyl violet of 15 nmol L?1 was 0.97% (n = 10). The method was successfully applied to the determination of methyl violet in river water samples. 相似文献
48.
A mathematical model to predict the composition and generation of hospital wastes in Iran 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this study is to investigate the quality and quantity of hospital wastes in Iran. The generated hospital wastes have been estimated by the number of hospitals and the number of active beds in each province of Iran in 2001. All data and information have been gathered from: (i) Iran Statistics Center, (ii) literature review, and (iii) hospital waste investigations for an average hospital. Physical analyses have been conducted in terms of various materials (plastic, textile, paper, metal, and others) and components (biological, infectious, medical, and regular wastes). Based on the above-mentioned investigation and information, a mathematical model has been developed to calculate the generation of (infectious) hospital wastes for any desired year. Utilizing the model, generated infectious hospital wastes has been estimated as 698,937 tones for 2008 (short-term) and 3,494,387 tones for 2028 (long-term period). If the real infectious wastes are collected separately, then the generated infectious wastes will be reduced by 15.1% of the above-mentioned amount (139,787 tones for 2008, and 698,877 tones for 2028). Results of physical analysis show the components of the hospital waste as: (a) infectious, 67.3%; (b) medical, 8.8%; (c) biological, 1.8%; and (d) common municipal wastes, 22.1%. An appropriate collection method requires training the staff at hospitals along with preparation of the required facilities. Of course, both of these requirements are cost intensive. 相似文献
49.
Bazzazpour Shahriyar Rahmatinia Masoumeh Mohebbi Seyed Reza Hadei Mostafa Shahsavani Abbas Hopke Philip K. Houshmand Behzad Raeisi Alireza Jafari Ahmad Jonidi Yarahmadi Maryam Farhadi Mohsen Hasanzadeh Vajihe Kermani Majid Vaziri Mohmmad Hossien Tanhaei Mohammad Zali Mohammad Reza Alipour Mohammad Reza 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(57):85586-85594
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the indoor environment of dental clinics, dental personnel and patients are exposed to a risk of infection because of the transmission of... 相似文献
50.
Leila Hajiaghababaei Babak Ghasemi Alireza Badiei Hassan Goldooz Mohammad Reza Ganjali Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(7):1347-1354
A rapid method for the extraction and monitoring of nanogram level of Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions using uniform silanized mesopor (SBA-15) functionalized with aminobenzenesulfonamide groups and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) is presented. Aminobenzenesulfonamide functionalized SBA-15 was synthesized according to procedure in the literature and the presence of organic groups in the silica framework was demonstrated by FT-IR spectra. The functionalized product showed the BET surface area 110 m2/g and pore diameter 5.1 nm, based on adsorption-desorption of N2 at 77 K. The effect of several variables such as (amount of adsorbent, stirring time, pH and presence of other ions in the medium) has been studied. Lead and copper were completely extracted at pH greater than 3 after stirring for 10 min. The maximum capacity of the adsorbent was found to be 191.3 ± 1.4 and 155.0 ± 1.0 μg of lead and copper ions/mg functionalized SBA-15, respectively. The preconcentration factor of the method was found to be 200. The detection limit of the technique was 3.4 and 0.4 ng/mL for Pb2+ and Cu2+, respectively. The applications of this methodology for real samples were examined by various water type, black tea and pepper samples. 相似文献