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281.
Iswar Das Gaurav Kumar Alfred Stein Arunabha Bagchi Vinay K. Dadhwal 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,178(1-4):25-37
Little is known about the quantitative vulnerability analysis to landslides as not many attempts have been made to assess it comprehensively. This study assesses the spatio-temporal vulnerability of elements at risk to landslides in a stochastic framework. The study includes buildings, persons inside buildings, and traffic as elements at risk to landslides. Building vulnerability is the expected damage and depends on the position of a building with respect to the landslide hazard at a given time. Population and vehicle vulnerability are the expected death toll in a building and vehicle damage in space and time respectively. The study was carried out in a road corridor in the Indian Himalayas that is highly susceptible to landslides. Results showed that 26% of the buildings fall in the high and very high vulnerability categories. Population vulnerability inside buildings showed a value >0.75 during 0800 to 1000 hours and 1600 to 1800 hours in more buildings that other times of the day. It was also observed in the study region that the vulnerability of vehicle is above 0.6 in half of the road stretches during 0800 hours to 1000 hours and 1600 to 1800 hours due to high traffic density on the road section. From this study, we conclude that the vulnerability of an element at risk to landslide is a space and time event, and can be quantified using stochastic modeling. Therefore, the stochastic vulnerability modeling forms the basis for a quantitative landslide risk analysis and assessment. 相似文献
282.
Ashutosh Mittal Tarun Kataria Gautam K. Das 《International Journal of Green Energy》2013,10(4):347-368
Evaporative cooling of water in a small porous clay vessel was studied under controlled humidity conditions. In steady-state experiments performed at an ambient temperature of 23 °C, the cooling effect increased from 4.7 to 8.3 °C as the ambient relative humidity decreased from 60 to 15%. External heat and mass transfer coefficients, estimated from the steady-state measurements, were used in mathematical models to predict the experimentally observed transient temperature variation of the water under ramp changes of the ambient relative humidity. With a prototypical cool chamber containing water tested in Kolkata, India under an ambient temperature of 34.5–35 °C, the cooling effect reached a maximum of 7 °C between 3 and 3:30 PM and then declined to 4.5 °C around 6 PM. 相似文献
283.
Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling of adsorption of methylene blue by NaOH-modified rice husk in a fixed-bed column system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shamik Chowdhury Papita Das Saha 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(2):1050-1058
In this study, rice husk was modified with NaOH and used as adsorbent for dynamic adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Continuous removal of MB from aqueous solutions was studied in a laboratory scale fixed-bed column packed with NaOH-modified rice husk (NMRH). Effect of different flow rates and bed heights on the column breakthrough performance was investigated. In order to determine the most suitable model for describing the adsorption kinetics of MB in the fixed-bed column system, the bed depth service time (BDST) model as well as the Thomas model was fitted to the experimental data. An artificial neural network (ANN)-based model was also developed for describing the dynamic dye adsorption process. An extensive error analysis was carried out between experimental data and data predicted by the models by using the following error functions: correlation coefficient (R 2), average relative error, sum of the absolute error and Chi-square statistic test (χ 2). Results show that with increasing bed height and decreasing flow rate, the breakthrough time was delayed. All the error functions yielded minimum values for the ANN model than the traditional models (BDST and Thomas), suggesting that the ANN model is the most suitable model to describe the fixed-bed adsorption of MB by NMRH. It is also more rational and reliable to interpret dynamic dye adsorption data through a process of ANN architecture. 相似文献
284.
285.
Md. Ekramul Karim Sohana Al Sanjee Shohel Mahmud Modhusudon Shaha Md. Moniruzzaman Keshob Chandra Das 《Chemistry and Ecology》2020,36(1):83-99
ABSTRACTMicroplastics are emerging environmental pollutants that have gained tremendous scientific interest in recent years. These micropollutants are omnipresent both in the terrestrial and aquatic environments posing a deleterious threat to the ecosystem and biodiversity. So, it is important to develop a deep understanding of the environmental fate and potential adverse impacts of microplastics on the aquatic and terrestrial environments. By critically reviewing the previously published scientific literature, the present synthesis briefly outlines the characteristics, occurrence and potential toxic effects of microplastics on terrestrial and aquatic biota. The article also focuses on some innovative approaches for sustainable remediation of macroplastics as well as microplastics. Since the concept of microplastics pollution has yet in its infancy in Bangladesh, this synthesis provides an overview of the current scenario of microplastics pollution and some future research recommendations in the context of Bangladesh which might be helpful to the novice researchers of this field. 相似文献
286.
Mandal Reema Das Anirban Sudheer A. K. Kumar Sanjeev Verma Sangeeta Gaddam Mahesh Deshpande R. D. 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(10):4043-4059
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Fluoride contamination in groundwaters of a rural region in semi-arid Western India has been studied using combination of geochemical-and-isotopic... 相似文献
287.
Radharani Das Binay K. Dutta Valter Maurino Davide Vione Claudio Minero 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2009,7(4):337-342
In this paper we show that bromide scavenges the ·OH radicals formed upon photolysis of nitrate, before they leave the solvent cage. Bromide can thus inhibit the in-cage recombination between ·OH and ·NO2. The consequence is an increased generation of ·NO2 and nitrite and of Br2 ?· + ·OH, compared to ·OH alone in the absence of bromide. We show that this effect compensates for the lower reactivity of Br 2 ?· compared to ·OH toward certain organic substrates, e.g. phenol and tryptophan. Our findings could lead to a deep revision of the present views of the role of bromide in saltwater photochemistry. 相似文献
288.
The study deals with the toxicological impact of cadmium nanoparticles (Cd NPs) on Bacillus subtilis as a model Gram-positive bacterium. Cadmium oxide (CdO) NPs (~22 nm) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) NPs (~3 nm) were used in this study. Both the NPs were found to inhibit the cell viability of B. subtilis when added to the culture at mid-log phase, the viable cell number declined with increasing concentration of Cd NPs. At mid-log phase, 15 mg L?1 CdO NPs inhibited growth by ~50%, whereas at 30 mg L?1 growth completely ceased. Under the same conditions, CdS NPs inhibited growth by ~50% at a concentration of 8 mg L?1, and at 20 mg L?1 growth was completely retarded. The cells changed their morphological features to a filamentous form with increasing Cd NPs exposure time, leading to associated with clumping. NPs treated cells when stained with 4′, 6-diamino-2-phenylindole, showed filamentous multinucleated bead structure, suggesting irregularities in cell division. Increasing intracellular oxidative stress due to Cd NPs exposure might be one of the reasons for the cell morphological changes and toxicity in B. subtilis. 相似文献
289.
Manufacturing of manganese (Mn) compounds, their industrial applications as well as mining overburden, has generated a potential environmental pollutant. Occupational exposure to elevated levels of Mn occurs during mining, welding, smelting and other industrial anthropogenic sources. Chronic and acute exposure of this metal pollutant leads to adverse consequences and is clinically categorized by various symptoms of neurotoxicity including cognitive, psychiatric symptoms, Parkinson's disease, extra pyramidal signs, manganism, dystonia, and motor system dysfunction. The aim of this review is to summarize the possible mechanism underlying Mn compounds-mediated neurotoxicity leading to neurodegenerative diseases. Our review endeavours to examine recent advances in research on Mn-related environmental pollution, Mn-induced poisoning, molecular mechanisms underlying Mn-induced neurotoxicity with case studies as well as current approaches employed for treatment and prevention of Mn exposure. 相似文献
290.
Mukesh Singh Avijit Das Debashree Singh Pratiti Maiti Md. Shabbir Anangsha Das 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2014,12(2):321-327
Water pollution is a major environmental problem worldwide. In particular, shipyards are contaminating waters with iron, lead and copper filings, paints, petrochemical products and solvents. There are only a few reports on the genotoxicity of shipyard contaminants. Here, we study genotoxic effects of surface water from five sites of Hooghly River in West Bengal, India, along the banks of which many shipbuilding and scrap industries are located. Genotoxicity was measured by the detection of micronuclei in Allium cepa and other chromosomal aberrations, as well as damage to genomic DNA of calf thymus. Results show that A. cepa roots treated with contaminated water induced morphological distortions, formation of micronuclei and various types of chromosomal aberrations. The mitotic index was lower than 50 % in the treated samples. The breakage of calf thymus DNA was time-dependent with acute damage of 100 % for overnight incubation as evidenced by agarose gel electrophoresis. We conclude that the workers of local shipbuilding and scrap industries, the residents of nearby areas and the aquatic biodiversity are vulnerable to contaminated waters. 相似文献