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351.
Matching the trend seen among the major large rivers of the globe, the Amazon River and its tributaries are facing aquatic ecosystem disruption that is affecting freshwater habitats and their associated biodiversity, including trends for decline in fishery resources. The Amazon’s aquatic ecosystems, linked natural resources, and human communities that depend on them are increasingly at risk from a number of identified threats, including expansion of agriculture; cattle pastures; infrastructure such as hydroelectric dams, logging, mining; and overfishing. The forest, which regulates the hydrological pulse, guaranteeing the distribution of rainfall and stabilizing seasonal flooding, has been affected by deforestation. Flooding dynamics of the Amazon Rivers are a major factor in regulating the intensity and timing of aquatic organisms. This study’s objective was to identify threats to the integrity of freshwater ecosystems, and to seek instruments for conservation and sustainable use, taking principally fish diversity and fisheries as factors for analysis. 相似文献
352.
Persistent toxic substances in soils and waters along an altitudinal gradient in the Laja River Basin, Central Southern Chile 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
In this study the levels and distribution of some persistent toxic substances (PTS) were investigated in soils, superficial water, and snow along an altitudinal gradient in the Laja River Basin (South Central Chile). The principal objective was to establish the basin's contamination status. The working hypothesis was that PTS levels and distribution in the basin are dependent on the degree of anthropogenic intervention. Fifteen PAHs, seven PCBs congeners, and three organochlorine pesticides were studied in superficial soil and water samples obtained along the altitudinal gradient and from a coastal reference station (Lleu-Lleu River). Soil samples were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction with acetone/cyclohexane (1:1) for PAHs and organochlorine compounds. Contaminants were extracted from water and snow samples by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). PAH and organochlorine compound quantification was carried out by HPLC with fluorescence detection and GC-MS, respectively. PCBs in soils presented four different profiles in the altitudinal gradient, mainly determined by their chlorination degree; these profiles were not observed for the chlorinated pesticides. In general, the detected levels for the analyzed compounds were low for soils when compared with soil data from other remote areas of the world. Higher summation operator PAHs levels in soils were found in the station located at 227 masl (4243 ng g-1 TOC), in a forestry area and near a timber industry, where detected levels were up to eight times higher than the other sampling sites. In general, PAH levels and distribution seems to be dependent on local conditions. No pesticides were detected in surface waters. However, congeners of PCBs were detected in almost all sampling stations with the highest levels being found in Laja Lake waters, where 1.1 ng/l were observed. This concentration is two times higher than values reported for polluted lakes in the Northern Hemisphere. The presence of organochlorine compound in snow sampled at the highest elevation point of the basin is indicative of the transport and atmospheric deposition phenomena of alpha-HCH, gamma-HCH and PCB 52, with values being similar to the levels reported in Canadian snow samples. We conclude that environmental PTS substance levels are in general relatively low, although PAHs may be of concern in some areas of the basin. 相似文献
353.
Fernández Francisco J. Muñoz Manuel Ponce Oliva Roberto D. Vásquez-Lavín Felipe Gelcich Stefan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(32):43173-43189
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Anthropogenic land use change (ALUC) satisfies human needs but also impacts aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems are intrinsically linked with... 相似文献
354.
Bergamaschi Roberto Monti Maria Cristina Trivelli Leonardo Mallucci Giulia Gerosa Leonardo Pisoni Enrico Montomoli Cristina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(3):2804-2809
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Some environmental factors are associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Air pollution could be a main one. This study was... 相似文献
355.
Daniela Ruberti Marco Vigliotti Anna Di Mauro Roberto Chieffi Michele Di Natale 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2018,22(5):897-917
This paper focused on the past shoreline change rates along the coastal plain of the Volturno River, in southern Italy, western Mediterranean. A wide database comprising historical maps, aerial photographs, topographic sheets, bathymetric data was used to extract the spatial and temporal information of the coastlines at seven time points. Coastline displacement was calculated for two successive time points and relative surface variation (accretion and erosion) was estimated as well as minimum and maximum accretion/erosion linear values and rates. The surface variation analysis has revealed that the studied coast can be considered homogeneous since the 1970s, whereas it exhibits a variety of shoreline evolutionary trends after that time period. Timing and causes of trends and rates of variation were detected. Based on the estimated shoreline change rates, an appropriate morhodynamic one-line model was applied to predict evolutionary scenarios also in presence of port and defence works. The results obtained strongly emphasize that a successful coastal management requires a constant monitoring of the human-induced changes to account for the variability of rates over time. 相似文献
356.
Honscha Laiz Coutelle Campos Audrey Senandes Tavella Ronan Adler Ramires Paula Florencio Volcão Lisiane Martins Halicki Priscila Cristina Bartolomeu Pech Tatiani Maria Bernardi Eduardo Ramos Daniela Fernandes Niemeyer Júlia Carina Baisch Paulo Roberto Martins Baisch Ana Luíza Muccillo da Silva Júnior Flávio Manoel Rodrigues 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(21):26664-26676
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aimed to use bioassays (single and multispecies) with organisms from different trophic levels to assess soil quality in reclaimed coal... 相似文献
357.
Garcés-Ordóñez Ostin Espinosa Luisa F. Costa Muniz Marcelo Salles Pereira Larissa Borba Meigikos dos Anjos Roberto 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(32):43431-43442
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastic pollution has become a global concern due to its distribution, high abundance, and negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems. These... 相似文献
358.
Mickaël Catinon Sophie Ayrault Roberto Clocchiatti Omar Boudouma Juliette Asta Michel Tissut Patrick Ravanel 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(5):1124-1130
The superficial deposit on the bark surface of several trees (mainly Fraxinus excelsior L.) was sampled in the experimental station of the university campus in Grenoble (France). Its composition was studied by scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray emission (SEM–EDX) and, after digestion, by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The deposit was composed of 81.3% ± 7.4 organic matter, 9.4% ± 4.9 of geogenic minerals issued from the atmosphere (atmospheric geogenic fraction: AGF) and 9.3% ± 2.7 of a mixture of elements which was called anthropogenic atmospheric elements fraction (AAEF). The SEM–EDX analysis showed the presence of particles of geogenic compounds such as different types of silicates, phosphates, carbonates, sulphates, oxides and also particles of metals such as iron or of alloys of Fe–Zn, Fe–Ni, Ni–Cr and Ca sulphates or phosphates. Typical spheres of “fly ashes” composed of pure iron or Al-silicates were detected. Using the SEM–EDX analysis of the deposit and the average local soil composition, an empiric formula for the AGF (without polluting elements) was chosen, which presented a clear analogy with the global formula of the upper continental crust. In the same way, a formula for the pure organic matter fraction was chosen. Withdrawing the elements corresponding to these two fractions allows a tentative estimation of the content of the AAEF which was supposed to better represent the elemental anthropogenic contamination issued from the atmosphere. In the station, most of Sb, Cd, Sn, Pb, Cu, V and Zn were found in the AAEF. This AAEF composition was compared to that of the deposit in a highway tunnel where Pb and Cu were at a very high level. The meaning and the limits of the AAEF concept were critically discussed. 相似文献
359.
Meroni M Panigada C Rossini M Picchi V Cogliati S Colombo R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(5):1413-1420
In this paper, a literature review about optical remote sensing (RS) of O3 stress is presented. Studies on O3-induced effects on vegetation reflectance have been conducted since late ‘70s based on the analysis of optical RS data. Literature review reveals that traditional RS techniques were able to detect changes in leaf and canopy reflectance related to O3-induced stress when visible symptoms already occurred. Only recently, advanced RS techniques using hyperspectral sensors, demonstrated the feasibility of detecting the stress in its early phase by monitoring excess energy dissipation pathways such as chlorophyll fluorescence and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Steady-state fluorescence (Fs), measured by exploiting the Fraunhofer line depth principle and NPQ related xanthophyll-cycle, estimated through the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) responded to O3 fumigation before visible symptoms occurred. This opens up new possibilities for the early detection of vegetation O3 stress by means of hyperspectral RS. 相似文献
360.
Maggio A Chiarandà FQ Cefariello R Fagnano M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(5):1445-1452
Stomatal closure and biosynthesis of antioxidant molecules are two fundamental components of the physiological machinery that lead to stress adaptation during plant's exposure to salinity. Since high stomatal resistance may also contribute in counteracting O3 damages, we hypothesized that soil salinization may increase O3 tolerance of crops. An experiment was performed with alfalfa grown in filtered (AOT40 = 0 in both years) and non-filtered (AOT40 = 9.7 in 2005 and 6.9 ppm h in 2006) open-top chambers. Alfalfa yield was reduced by O3 (−33%) only in plants irrigated with salt-free water, while the increasing levels of soil salinity until 1.06 dS m−1 reduced both stomatal conductance and plant O3 uptake, thus linearly reducing O3 effects on yield. Therefore a reliable flux-based model for assessing the effects of O3 on crop yield should take into account soil salinity. 相似文献