全文获取类型
收费全文 | 597篇 |
免费 | 8篇 |
国内免费 | 18篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 26篇 |
废物处理 | 22篇 |
环保管理 | 151篇 |
综合类 | 58篇 |
基础理论 | 141篇 |
污染及防治 | 162篇 |
评价与监测 | 40篇 |
社会与环境 | 19篇 |
灾害及防治 | 4篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 81篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 14篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 32篇 |
2007年 | 29篇 |
2006年 | 22篇 |
2005年 | 20篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 24篇 |
2002年 | 24篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有623条查询结果,搜索用时 406 毫秒
211.
212.
Eve MD Sperow M Paustian K Follett RF 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,116(3):431-438
Average annual net change in soil carbon stocks under past and current management is needed as part of national reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and to evaluate the potential for soils as sinks to mitigate increasing atmospheric CO2. We estimated net soil C stock changes for US agricultural soils during the period from 1982 to 1997 using the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) method for greenhouse gas inventories. Land use data from the NRI (National Resources Inventory; USDA-NRCS) were used as input along with ancillary data sets on climate, soils, and agricultural management. Our results show that, overall, changes in land use and agricultural management have resulted in a net gain of 21.2 MMT C year(-1) in US agricultural soils during this period. Cropped lands account for 15.1 MMT C year(-1), while grazing land soil C increased 6.1 MMT C year(-1). The land use and management changes that have contributed the most to increasing soil C during this period are (1) adoption of conservation tillage practices on cropland, (2) enrollment of cropland in the Conservation Reserve Program, and (3) cropping intensification that has resulted in reduced use of bare fallow. 相似文献
213.
Henry RC 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2002,52(10):1238-1243
This article examines the only available experimental data taken in the natural environment on the ability of an observer to perceive small, incremental changes in the colorfulness of objects seen through atmospheric haze and estimates an appropriate just-noticeable difference (JND) from these data. This experimentally determined threshold of perception is compared to changes in the deciview scale. Based on these experimental results, the deciview scale is found to not be uniform over a wide range of visibility conditions, as has been previously claimed. In addition, a 1-deciview change never produces a perceptible change in haze, as defined by a 95% probability of producing a measurable change in the colorfulness of an object seen through the haze. 相似文献
214.
Scott G. Huling Daniel F. Pope John E. Matthews Judith L. Sims Ronald C. Sims Darwin L. Sorensen 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》1995,5(2):41-55
Soils contaminated with wood preserving wastes, including pentachlo-rophenol (PCP) and creosote, are treated at field-scale in an engineered prepared-bed system consisting of two one-acre land treatment units (LTUs). The concentration of selected indicator compounds of treatment performance included PCP, pyrene, and total carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TCPAHs) was monitored in the soil by taking both composited soil samples at multiple points in time, and discrete soil samples at two points in time. The mean concentration of the indicator compounds and the 95-percent confidence interval (CI) of the composite and discrete samples agreed relatively well, and first-order degradation rate kinetics satisfactorily represented the mean chemical concentration loss of indicator compounds in the LTU. Toxicity of the soil, as measured by MicrotoxTM assay of the soil extracts, indicated that toxicity reduction corresponded with indicator compound disappearance. No toxicity effects were observed with time in treated layers of soil (lifts) buried beneath highly contaminated lifts of newly applied soil. This indicated that vertical migration of soluble contaminants from such lifts had little effect on the microbial activity in the underlying treated soil. 相似文献
215.
216.
Jeffrey R. Chiarenzelli Ronald J. Scrudato Michele L. Wunderlich James J. Pagano 《Chemosphere》2001,45(8):1159-1165
A combined treatment process utilizing steam distillation followed by electrochemical peroxidation (ECP) has been utilized to remove >90% of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in St. Lawrence River sediment and destroy 95% of the PCBs recovered in the condensate. 2 l of condensate were collected by boiling 500 grams of sediment containing 4.3 mg PCBs. Most of the PCBs (82.3%) were recovered as a small volume (<1 ml) of yellow oil floating on the condensate and coating glassware surfaces. The aqueous phase PCBs (182 μg/l) were destroyed (95%) by three sequential ECP treatments at 16.8°C and pH 5, utilizing 1 ml of H2O2 (3%) and periodically reversed current (0.75–1.0 A @ 10 volts). Oxidation is primarily mediated by hydroxyl radicals produced by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with electrochemically generated ferrous iron (Fenton's reagent). This work suggests steam extraction, in combination with advanced oxidation technologies, provides an effective treatment strategy for contaminated solids. 相似文献
217.
Virginia E. Villafañe Paul J. Janknegt Marco de Graaff Ronald J. W. Visser Willem H. van de Poll Anita G. J. Buma E. Walter Helbling 《Marine Biology》2008,154(6):1021-1029
During austral summer 2006, experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm)
on carbon fixation of natural phytoplankton assemblages from Patagonia (Argentina). Surface water samples were collected (ca.
100 m offshore) at mid morning using an acid-cleaned (1 N HCl) dark container. The short-term impact of UVR (measured as radiocarbon
incorporation) was immediately assessed by exposing samples to three artificial illumination treatments: PAR (400–700 nm),
PAR + UV-A (320–700 nm), and PAR + UV-A + UV-B (280–700 nm). Pico-nanoplankton characterized the assemblages, and taxon-specific
pigment fingerprinting combined with CHEMTAX and supplemented with microscopic observations showed varied proportions of diatoms,
chlorophytes, and cyanobacteria throughout January–February 2006. Photosynthetic efficiency, as assessed through assimilation
numbers, was high [between 4.4 and 10.4 μg C (μg chl-a)−1 h−1], and it was probably favored by the supply of inorganic nutrients from the Chubut River. UVR-induced photoinhibition appeared
to be related to the taxonomic composition: in general, higher photoinhibition was observed when diatoms dominated, whereas
this was lower when samples were dominated by chlorophytes. Our data suggest that xanthophyll pigments might have provided
only limited protection in these already highlighted acclimated assemblages. 相似文献
218.
Incorporating anthropogenic variables into a species distribution model to map gypsy moth risk 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christopher D. Lippitt John Rogan James Toledano Florencia Sangermano J. Ronald Eastman Victor Mastro Alan Sawyer 《Ecological modelling》2008
This paper presents a novel methodology for multi-scale and multi-type spatial data integration in support of insect pest risk/vulnerability assessment in the contiguous United States. Probability of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) establishment is used as a case study. A neural network facilitates the integration of variables representing dynamic anthropogenic interaction and ecological characteristics. Neural network model (back-propagation network [BPN]) results are compared to logistic regression and multi-criteria evaluation via weighted linear combination, using the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) and a simple threshold assessment. The BPN provided the most accurate infestation-forecast predictions producing an AUC of 0.93, followed by multi-criteria evaluation (AUC = 0.92) and logistic regression (AUC = 0.86) when independently validating using post model infestation data. Results suggest that BPN can provide valuable insight into factors contributing to introduction for invasive species whose propagation and establishment requirements are not fully understood. The integration of anthropogenic and ecological variables allowed production of an accurate risk model and provided insight into the impact of human activities. 相似文献
219.
Darrell J. Kemp Joseph M. Macedonia Tamara S. Ball Ronald L. Rutowski 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(6):1017-1026
Female mate choice has been shown to provide direct mating benefits in several animal groups. In butterflies, for which there
are increasing reports of fine-scale color-based mate choice, the evolutionary benefits that accrue from such mating biases,
if any, are largely unknown. We addressed this issue in the butterfly Colias eurytheme, a species in which females choose mates on the basis of iridescent ultraviolet (UV) wing ornamentation and in which males
donate reproductively beneficial nuptial gifts. In the first experiment, we assessed the mass of gifts donated to 77 virgin
females by males sampled directly from a field encounter site. Despite large variance in the male adult phenotype and ejaculate,
no single aspect of dorsal wing coloration, including UV brightness, chroma, or hue, was related to ejaculate mass. There
was, however, an interesting interaction between the effects of male body size and copula duration upon ejaculate mass, with
size scaling positively with ejaculate mass among males involved in shorter copulations (those lasting <70 min) but negatively
among males in longer copulations. In the second experiment, we assessed the lifetime fecundity, fertility, and longevity
of 85 females mated under similar circumstances to free-flying wild males. Although several wing color parameters proved subtly
informative in more sophisticated multivariable models, no model predicted more than about 20% of the variation in any single
female fitness parameter. The duration of copulation, which ranged from 35 min to over 16 h and which carries putative costs
for females, was, again, only very weakly predicted by male wing color parameters (i.e., R
2 = 0.089). Given the overall minor predictive power of male wing coloration in general and of UV brightness in particular,
our results do not strongly support the hypothesis that female C. eurytheme prefer bright UV males to obtain direct benefits or to minimize the costs associated with lengthy copulations. 相似文献
220.
Parth K. Rajyaguru Kimberly V. Pegram Alexandra C. N. Kingston Ronald L. Rutowski 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2013,100(6):507-513
In many animals, males bear bright ornamental color patches that may signal both the direct and indirect benefits that a female might accrue from mating with him. Here we test whether male coloration in the Pipevine Swallowtail butterfly, Battus philenor, predicts two potential direct benefits for females: brief copulation duration and the quantity of materials the male passes to the female during mating. In this species, males have a bright iridescent blue field on the dorsal hindwing surface, while females have little or no dorsal iridescence. Females preferentially mate with males who display a bright and highly chromatic blue field on their dorsal hindwing. In this study, we show that the chroma of the blue field on the male dorsal hindwing and male body size (forewing length) significantly predict the mass of material or spermatophore that a male forms within the female’s copulatory sac during mating. We also found that spermatophore mass correlated negatively with copulation duration, but that color variables did not significantly predict this potential direct benefit. These results suggest that females may enhance the material benefits they receive during mating by mating with males based on the coloration of their dorsal hindwing. 相似文献