Nanoplastics are potentially more dangerous than microplastics

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Nanoplastics are probably much more dangerous for living organisms than microplastics because they are more abundant and reactive. They can potentially...     

Electrocatalytic oxidation of ciprofloxacin by Co-Ce-Zr/γ-Al2O3 three-dimensional particle electrode

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, Co-Ce-Zr/γ-Al2O33 particle electrodes were prepared for the efficient degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). Co-Ce-Zr/γ-Al2O3...     

Seed plant phylogenetic diversity and species richness in conservation planning within a global biodiversity hotspot in eastern Asia

One of the main goals of conservation biology is to understand the factors shaping variation in biodiversity across the planet. This understanding is critical for conservation planners to be able to develop effective conservation strategies. Although many studies have focused on species richness and the protection of rare and endemic species, less attention has been paid to the protection of the phylogenetic dimension of biodiversity. We explored how phylogenetic diversity, species richness, and phylogenetic community structure vary in seed plant communities along an elevational gradient in a relatively understudied high mountain region, the Dulong Valley, in southeastern Tibet, China. As expected, phylogenetic diversity was well correlated with species richness among the elevational bands and among communities. At the community level, evergreen broad‐leaved forests had the highest levels of species richness and phylogenetic diversity. Using null model analyses, we found evidence of nonrandom phylogenetic structure across the region. Evergreen broad‐leaved forests were phylogenetically overdispersed, whereas other vegetation types tended to be phylogenetically clustered. We suggest that communities with high species richness or overdispersed phylogenetic structure should be a focus for biodiversity conservation within the Dulong Valley because these areas may help maximize the potential of this flora to respond to future global change. In biodiversity hotspots worldwide, we suggest that the phylogenetic structure of a community may serve as a useful measure of phylogenetic diversity in the context of conservation planning.     

氯化钠/纳米疏水二氧化硅超细干粉制备及灭火性能研究

选用氯化钠为基体制备金属火灾超细干粉灭火剂。应用反溶剂法对其改性,使纳米疏水二氧化硅吸附在氯化钠晶体表面,其中分散剂为PEG-1000。结果表明,纳米疏水二氧化硅的添加有利于细化氯化钠颗粒,但过量的添加会起反作用,最佳用量为3 wt%左右,平均粒径为2.18μm。镁片灭火实验证明超细复合干粉的灭火性能明显好于传统氯化钠灭火剂(商用D类灭火剂),纳米疏水二氧化硅最佳添加量为3 wt%,此时灭火时间仅需传统灭火剂的一半。最后利用FDS5.0模拟干粉颗粒与燃烧火焰作用过程,模拟结果表明干粉覆盖对火焰具有一定的抑制效果,并分析了复合干粉灭火机理。     

近平滑假丝酵母NAD(H)依赖型次级醇脱氢酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

从近平滑假丝酵母(Candida parapsilosis CCTCC 203011)中分离得到了NAD(H)依赖型的次级醇脱氢酶.粗酶经乙醇沉淀、Blue Sepharose Fast Flow亲和层析、DEAE Sepharose离子交换层析后在SDS-PAGE上显示为单一条带,其酶蛋白的亚基分子量(Mr)为37.5×103.该酶还原反应的最适pH为6.0,最适温度为45℃,是一个含Zn2 金属酶.该脱氢酶具有较高的底物的选择性,对2-酮具有较高的还原活力;同时,也能作用于醇类发生氧化反应,对次级醇的氧化活力最高.以β-羟基苯乙酮为底物,用纯化得到的酶催化反应后,还原产物为(R)-苯基乙二醇,因此该酶为(R)-专一性次级醇脱氢酶,是一种生产(R)-苯基乙二醇的有效的生物催化剂.经LC-MASS-MASS分析得到了酶蛋白中3个肽段的氨基酸序列,通过比对发现该酶与NCBI编号为BAA24528的次级醇脱氢酶具有较高的同源性.图4表3参17     

基于CVM方法分析牧民对禁牧政策的受偿意愿——以锡林郭勒草原为例

确定居民对生态措施实施的受偿意愿,对目前迫切需要的生态补偿政策制定以及生态恢复和保护的有效性具有重要的现实意义。选用锡林郭勒草原为案例区域,通过入户调查及在那达慕大会集中调查相结合的方式,调查锡林郭勒草原地区牧民对禁牧措施的态度和受偿意愿。分析结果显示:53%的牧民愿意参加禁牧,而不愿意参加禁牧主要是由于补偿标准不合理引起的。计量经济学模型分析表明,牧民对禁牧的支持态度与牧民的收入和草地面积呈正相关,与养羊数量呈负相关。牧民的受偿意愿由牧民养羊数量、受教育年限、草地现状以及对禁牧政策的支持程度决定。根据意愿调查法初步估算锡林郭勒草原地区禁牧措施实施后牧民的补偿意愿,牧民家庭对禁牧政策的平均受偿意愿为每年每户2.7717万元,人均受偿意愿为8399元,平均每1hm2草地受偿意愿为85.95元。     

马莲鞍的化学成分研究

从马莲鞍根的乙醇提取物中分离得到3个具有细胞毒活性的化合物杠柳苷元(1)、杠柳苷元-3β-乙酸酯(2)和periplogenin3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),此外,还得到了乌沙苷元(4)、α-香树脂醇乙酸酯(5)、α-香树脂醇十三酸酯(6)、乌苏酸(7)、9,19-环阿尔廷-25-烯-3β,24R-二醇(8)、9,19-环阿尔廷-25-烯-3β,24S-二醇(9)、环桉烯醇(10)、9,19-环阿尔廷-23E-烯-3β,25-二醇(11)、25-甲氧基-9,19-环阿尔廷-23E-烯-3β-醇(12)、11α,12α-epoxytaraxer-14-en-3β-ace-tate(13)、齐墩果酸(14)、β-谷甾醇(15)和β-胡萝卜苷(16).通过波谱学方法鉴定了它们的结构.通过X单晶衍射确证了13的结构.化合物1、2和3抗MDA-MB-231细胞株的GI50值分别为2.13×10-5molL-1,2.04×10-5molL-1和2.30×10-6molL-1.图2表5参17     

添加不同化合态结合的铜离子对其在黄土中吸持及形态的影响

分别以CuSO4和Cu(NO3)2为吸持质，研究了添加不同化合态结合的铜离子在黄土中的等温吸持及形态分布规律。结果表明：黄土吸持铜离子以碳酸盐结合态为主。当铜离子初始浓度较低时，添加不同化合态结合的铜离子对其在黄土中的吸持及碳酸盐结合态没有明显影响；当铜离子初始浓度超过一定值时，添加不同化合态结合的铜离子对其在黄土中的吸持及碳酸盐结合态的影响随铜离子初始浓度的增加而明显增大。添加不同化合态结合的铜离子，其持有量和碳酸盐结合态含量均随土壤浓度的增大而减小。当铜离子初始浓度较低时，添加不同化合态结合的铜离子对其在黄土中的吸持量及碳酸盐结合态含量随土壤浓度的变化影响不大；当铜离子初始浓度超过一定值时，相同初始浓度条件下CuSO4较Cu(NO3)2会造成更大幅度的变化。