全文获取类型
收费全文 | 793篇 |
免费 | 24篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 27篇 |
废物处理 | 34篇 |
环保管理 | 163篇 |
综合类 | 82篇 |
基础理论 | 219篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 177篇 |
评价与监测 | 56篇 |
社会与环境 | 53篇 |
灾害及防治 | 10篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 19篇 |
2018年 | 34篇 |
2017年 | 23篇 |
2016年 | 30篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 25篇 |
2013年 | 68篇 |
2012年 | 39篇 |
2011年 | 61篇 |
2010年 | 33篇 |
2009年 | 33篇 |
2008年 | 40篇 |
2007年 | 51篇 |
2006年 | 31篇 |
2005年 | 41篇 |
2004年 | 26篇 |
2003年 | 35篇 |
2002年 | 23篇 |
2001年 | 10篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有823条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
111.
Patrick C. Mann John L. Mikesell 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(5):1301-1307
ABSTRACT: Several factors theoretically affect the cost behavior of water systems. These factors include scale, consumer density, and per capita usage. This analysis examines the several possible influences on the unit costs of water service. The statistical analyses indicate that among the factors of scale, per capita use, and consumer density, only the first two factors are important influences on water system costs. Water consumers appear to benefit from being served by large systems and being located in service areas characterized by relatively high per capita consumption. There is little statistical evidence indicating that more dense areas can be provided water service at lower costs than less dense areas. 相似文献
112.
Patrick Whitehead K.G. Willis Tim Marshall Susan Ball David Higdon 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1988,31(1):61-64
The Garden City Utopia
Robert Beevers. The Macmillan Press, 1988. £27.50. 206 pages.
Cost‐Benefit Analysis in Urban and Regional Planning
J. A. Schofield. Allen and Unwin, London, 1987. 249 pages. £30 hardback.
The Milton Park Affair — Canada's largest citizen‐developer confrontation
Claire Helman. Véhicule Press, Montréal, 1987. $12.95.
Regenerating the Inner City, Glasgow's Experience
Edited by David Donnison and Alan Middleton. Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., London, 1987. £12.95.
Community Architecture
Nick Wates and Charles Knevitt. Penguin Books, London, 1987. £4.95. 相似文献
113.
Hydroxyapatite coated electrodes were made by a hydrolysis reaction involving silanes and hydroxyapatite particles on stainless steel. Aqueous lead ions were captured on the coatings with or without electromigration. Results depend on coating thickness, supporting electrolyte and the presence of the electric field. It was found that this new electrocapture method can remove lead from solutions down to ppb levels. 相似文献
114.
Quantitative evaluation of XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins used in tandem for removing organic solutes from water 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The combined XAD-8 and XAD-4 resin procedure for the isolation of dissolved organic solutes from water was found to isolate 85% or more of the organic solutes from Lake Skjervatjern in Norway. Approximately 65% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was first removed on XAD-8 resin, and then an additional 20% of the DOC was removed on XAD-4 resin. Approximately 15% of the DOC solutes (primarily hydrophilic neutrals) were not sorbed or concentrated by the procedure. Of the 65% of the solutes removed on XAD-8 resin, 40% were fulvic acids, 16% were humic acids, and 9% were hydrophobic neutrals. Approximately 20% of the hydrophilic solutes that pass through the XAD-8 resin were sorbed solutes on the second resin, XAD-4 (i.e., they were hydrophobic relative to the XAD-4 resin). The fraction sorbed on XAD-4 resin was called XAD-4 acids because it represented approximately 85–90% of the hydrophilic XAD-8 acid fraction according to the original XAD-8 fractionation procedure. The recovery of hydrophobic acids (fulvic acids and humic acids) and the hydrophobic neutral fraction from XAD-8 resin was essentially quantitative at 96%, 98%, and 86%, respectively. The recovery of XAD-4 acids from the XAD-4 resin was only about 50%. The exact reason for this moderately low recovery is unknown, but could result from π-π bonding between these organic solutes and the aromatic matrix of XAD-4. The hydrophobic/hydrophilic solute separation on XAD-8 resin for water from background Side A and Side B of the lake was almost identical at 65 and 67%, respectively. This result suggested that both sides of the lake are similar in organic chemical composition even though the DOC variation from side to side is 20%. 相似文献
115.
Historically, terrestrial food web theory has been compartmentalized into interactions among aboveground or belowground communities. In this study we took a more synthetic approach to understanding food web interactions by simultaneously examining four trophic levels and investigating how nutrient (nitrogen and carbon) and detrital subsidies impact the ability of the belowground microbial community to alter the abundance of aboveground arthropods (herbivores and predators) associated with the intertidal cord grass Spartina alterniflora. We manipulated carbon, nitrogen, and detrital resources in a field experiment and measured decomposition rate, soil nitrogen pools, plant biomass and quality, herbivore density, and arthropod predator abundance. Because carbon subsidies impact plant growth only indirectly (microbial pathways), whereas nitrogen additions both directly (plant uptake) and indirectly (microbial pathways) impact plant primary productivity, we were able to assess the effect of both belowground soil microbes and nutrient availability on aboveground herbivores and their predators. Herbivore density in the field was suppressed by carbon supplements. Carbon addition altered soil microbial dynamics (net potential ammonification, litter decomposition rate, DON [dissolved organic N] concentration), which limited inorganic soil nitrogen availability and reduced plant size as well as predator abundance. Nitrogen addition enhanced herbivore density by increasing plant size and quality directly by increasing inorganic soil nitrogen pools, and indirectly by enhancing microbial nitrification. Detritus adversely affected aboveground herbivores mainly by promoting predator aggregation. To date, the effects of carbon and nitrogen subsidies on salt marshes have been examined as isolated effects on either the aboveground or the belowground community. Our results emphasize the importance of directly addressing the soil microbial community as a factor that influences aboveground food web structure by affecting plant size and aboveground plant nitrogen. 相似文献
116.
Amatya PL Hettiaratchi JP Joshi RC 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2006,56(2):197-205
The presence of high levels of salts because of produced brine water disposal at flare pits and the presence of metals at sufficient concentrations to impact microbial activity are of concern to bioremediation of flare pit waste in the upstream oil and gas industry. Two slurry-phase biotreatment experiments based on three-level factorial statistical experimental design were conducted with a flare pit waste. The experiments separately studied the primary effect of cadmium [Cd(II)] and interaction effect between Cd(II) and salinity and the primary effect of zinc [Zn(II)] and interaction effect between Zn(II) and salinity on hydrocarbon biodegradation. The results showed 42-52.5% hydrocarbon removal in slurries spiked with Cd and 47-62.5% in the slurries spiked with Zn. The analysis of variance showed that the primary effects of Cd and Cd-salinity interaction were statistically significant on hydrocarbon degradation. The primary effects of Zn and the Zn-salinity interaction were statistically insignificant, whereas the quadratic effect of Zn was highly significant on hydrocarbon degradation. The study on effects of metallic chloro-complexes showed that the total aqueous concentration of Cd or Zn does not give a reliable indication of overall toxicity to the microbial activity in the presence of high salinity levels. 相似文献
117.
Prior research on retail shrinkage has taken a largely individual‐level approach to theorizing about why it occurs, showing that older employees are less prone to theft and more vigilant in preventing customer shoplifting than younger personnel. However, given the influence of organizational contexts on organizational behavior, theorizing about shrinkage may be enhanced by the consideration of business‐unit level contextual variables. The present study addressed this concern by examining the relationship between store‐level age composition, whistle‐blowing (WB) climate, and shrinkage in 726 retail stores. Results indicated that the negative mean age–shrinkage relationship was stronger when there was less age diversity or a climate more supportive of WB. Moreover, the negative WB climate–shrinkage linkage was stronger when the mean age was higher. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
118.
Rosales-Hurtado Miyanou Duvauchelle Valentin Bénimélis David Ogawa-Okada Maya Yamamoto Naofumi Meffre Patrick Szurmant Hendrik Benfodda Zohra 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(1):47-53
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The rise of bacterial resistance to common clinical antibiotics is calling for alternative techniques to synthesize antibacterial drugs with high biodegradability.... 相似文献
119.
Ninon F. V. Meyer Ricardo Moreno Christopher Sutherland J. Antonio de la Torre Helen J. Esser Christopher A. Jordan Melva Olmos Josué Ortega Rafael Reyna-Hurtado Samuel Valdes Patrick A. Jansen 《Conservation biology》2020,34(1):207-219
Habitat fragmentation is a primary driver of wildlife loss, and establishment of biological corridors is a common strategy to mitigate this problem. A flagship example is the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor (MBC), which aims to connect protected forest areas between Mexico and Panama to allow dispersal and gene flow of forest organisms. Because forests across Central America have continued to degrade, the functioning of the MBC has been questioned, but reliable estimates of species occurrence were unavailable. Large mammals are suitable indicators of forest functioning, so we assessed their conservation status across the Isthmus of Panama, the narrowest section of the MBC. We used large-scale camera-trap surveys and hierarchical multispecies occupancy models in a Bayesian framework to estimate the occupancy of 9 medium to large mammals and developed an occupancy-weighted connectivity metric to evaluate species-specific functional connectivity. White-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), jaguar (Panthera onca), giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and tapir (Tapirus bairdii) had low expected occupancy along the MBC in Panama. Puma (Puma concolor), red brocket deer (Mazama temama), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), and collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), which are more adaptable, had higher occupancy, even in areas with low forest cover near infrastructure. However, the majority of species were subject to ≥1 gap that was larger than their known dispersal distances, suggesting poor connectivity along the MBC in Panama. Based on our results, forests in Darien, Donoso–Santa Fe, and La Amistad International Park are critical for survival of large terrestrial mammals in Panama and 2 areas need restoration. 相似文献
120.
Jurriaan M. De Vos Lucas N. Joppa John L. Gittleman Patrick R. Stephens Stuart L. Pimm 《Conservation biology》2015,29(2):452-462
A key measure of humanity's global impact is by how much it has increased species extinction rates. Familiar statements are that these are 100–1000 times pre‐human or background extinction levels. Estimating recent rates is straightforward, but establishing a background rate for comparison is not. Previous researchers chose an approximate benchmark of 1 extinction per million species per year (E/MSY). We explored disparate lines of evidence that suggest a substantially lower estimate. Fossil data yield direct estimates of extinction rates, but they are temporally coarse, mostly limited to marine hard‐bodied taxa, and generally involve genera not species. Based on these data, typical background loss is 0.01 genera per million genera per year. Molecular phylogenies are available for more taxa and ecosystems, but it is debated whether they can be used to estimate separately speciation and extinction rates. We selected data to address known concerns and used them to determine median extinction estimates from statistical distributions of probable values for terrestrial plants and animals. We then created simulations to explore effects of violating model assumptions. Finally, we compiled estimates of diversification—the difference between speciation and extinction rates for different taxa. Median estimates of extinction rates ranged from 0.023 to 0.135 E/MSY. Simulation results suggested over‐ and under‐estimation of extinction from individual phylogenies partially canceled each other out when large sets of phylogenies were analyzed. There was no evidence for recent and widespread pre‐human overall declines in diversity. This implies that average extinction rates are less than average diversification rates. Median diversification rates were 0.05–0.2 new species per million species per year. On the basis of these results, we concluded that typical rates of background extinction may be closer to 0.1 E/MSY. Thus, current extinction rates are 1,000 times higher than natural background rates of extinction and future rates are likely to be 10,000 times higher. Estimación de la Tasa Normal de Extinción de Especies 相似文献