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201.
A sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of ametryn in agricultural samples. The proposed
method was based on reaction with pyridine and further coupling with sulfanilic acid to form a colored product. The absorbance
was measured at 400 nm with a molar absorptivity of 2.1 × 105 L mol−1 cm−1. The method shows a linear range from 0.2–20 μg mL−1 with limit of detection and limit of quantification 0.16 and 0.54 μg mL−1, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of ametryn in sugarcane juice and commercial
formulations after separation of ametryn from triazine herbicides based on solvent extraction. Recovery values were found
to be in the range of 96.0 ± 0.2% to 98.4 ± 0.1%. 相似文献
202.
Fernandes CE Das A Nath BN Faria DG Loka Bharathi PA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):2677-2689
We investigated the influence on bacterial community and biochemical variables through mechanical disturbance of sediment-akin
to small-scale mining in Kalbadevi beach, Ratnagiri, a placer-rich beach ecosystem which is a potential mining site. Changes
were investigated by comparing three periods, namely phase I before disturbance, phase II just after disturbance, and phase
III 24 h after disturbance as the bacterial generation time is ≤7 h. Cores from dune, berm, high-, mid-, and low-tide were
examined for changes in distribution of total bacterial abundance, total direct viability (counts under aerobic and anaerobic
conditions), culturability and biochemical parameters up to 40 cm depth. Results showed that bacterial abundance decreased
by an order from 106 cells g − 1 sediment, while, viability reduced marginally. Culturability on different-strength nutrient broth increased by 155% during
phase II. Changes in sedimentary proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids were marked at berm and dune and masked at other levels
by tidal influence. Sedimentary ATP reduced drastically. During phase III, Pearson’s correlation between these variables evolved
from non-significant to significant level. Thus, simulated disturbance had a mixed effect on bacterial and biochemical variables
of the sediments. It had a negative impact on bacterial abundance, viability and ATP but positive impact on culturability.
Viability, culturability, and ATP could act as important indicators reflecting the disturbance in the system at short time
intervals. Culturability, which improved by an order, could perhaps be a fraction that contributes to restoration of the system
at bacterial level. This baseline information about the potential mining site could help in developing rational approach towards
sustainable harnessing of resources with minimum damage to the ecosystem. 相似文献
203.
Kharroubi A Gargouri D Baati H Azri C 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):4001-4014
Concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe) in surface sediments from 66 sites in both northern and
eastern Mediterranean Sea–Boughrara lagoon exchange areas (southeastern Tunisia) were studied in order to understand current
metal contamination due to the urbanization and economic development of nearby several coastal regions of the Gulf of Gabès.
Multiple approaches were applied for the sediment quality assessment. These approaches were based on GIS coupled with chemometric
methods (enrichment factors, geoaccumulation index, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis). Enrichment factors
and principal component analysis revealed two distinct groups of metals. The first group corresponded to Fe and Mn derived
from natural sources, and the second group contained Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu originated from man-made sources. For these latter
metals, cluster analysis showed two distinct distributions in the selected areas. They were attributed to temporal and spatial
variations of contaminant sources input. The geoaccumulation index (I
geo) values explained that only Cd, Pb, and Cu can be considered as moderate to extreme pollutants in the studied sediments. 相似文献
204.
Chen B Pan Y Wang J Fu Z Zhang Y Zhou Y 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):3545-3556
Evenly distributed sampling design is generally considered as an efficient sampling design. It is widely used in sampling
for the environmental survey. In this paper, we present a novel method for generating N evenly distributed samples within a given irregular polygon via simulating the movements of some ideal homogeneous point
charges. Initially, charges are randomly put into the sampling region; then, they are freed and held orderly; and after enough
runs, the charges will finally reach a stable state with all of them having a zero resultant force and velocity; and so they
distribute evenly within the region. Their layout can thus be considered as an evenly distributed sampling design. The main
advantages of this method are: (1) it is easy to understand and implement; (2) it is efficient in both running and generating
better designs. Analysis and experimental results indicate that this method is an efficient and robust method for generating
even sampling designs for 2D polygonal sampling region. 相似文献
205.
Smederevac-Lalić M Pešić R Cvejić S Simonović P 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):2633-2646
The multidisciplinary socio-economic study of fisheries in the bordering part of the Danube River between Serbia and Croatia (at the following sites: Apatin, Ba?ka Palanka, Ba?ko Novo Selo, Bezdan, and Sombor) that was performed in order to investigate various aspects of fish resource utilization (management, policy of protection and exploitation of freshwater fishery resources, present fisheries legislation, catch statistics), was realized during 2004 and 2005. Data were collected via survey with a structured interview. Socio-economic circumstances, together with ecological factors, have had an influence on the fish stock and number of commercial fishermen. Awareness of the occurring problems, both economic and ecological ones, is apparent, regardless of whether it is assessed in the field of commercial or recreational fishing. Fishery sector in Serbia is in a prolonged process of transition, with the enforcement of fishing regulations, but also the lack of control that leaves space for illegal commercial fishing. The statements, consciousness, experience and behavior of commercial fishermen represent a good basis for planning the sustainable development of fishing in this section of the Danube River. 相似文献
206.
Rai PK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(1):113-131
The present article provides a multifaceted critical research review on environmental issues intimately related with the socio-economy
of North East India (NE), a part of Indo-Burma hotspot. Further, the article addresses the issue of sustainable development
of NE India through diverse ecological practices inextricably linked with traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). The biodiversity
of NE India comprises endemic floral diversity, particularly medicinal plants of importance to pharmaceutical industry, and
unique faunal diversity. Nevertheless, it is very unfortunate that this great land of biodiversity is least explored taxonomically
as well as biotechnologically, probably due to geographical and political constraints. Different anthropogenic and socio-economic
factors have perturbed the pristine ecology of this region, leading to environmental degradation. Also, the practice of unregulated
shifting cultivation (jhooming), bamboo flowering, biological invasions and anthropogenic perturbations to biodiversity exacerbate the gloomy situation.
Instead of a plethora of policies, the TEK of NE people may be integrated with modern scientific knowledge in order to conserve
the environment which is the strong pillar for socio-economic sector here. The aforesaid approach can be practiced in NE India
through the broad implementation and extension of agroforestry practices. Further, case studies on Apatanis, ethnomedicinal plants use by indigenous tribal groups and sacred forests are particularly relevant in the context of conservation
of environmental health in totality while addressing the socioeconomic impact as well. In context with the prevailing scenarios
in this region, we developed an eco-sustainable model for natural resource management through agroforestry practices in order
to uplift the social as well as environmental framework. 相似文献
207.
A differential pulse polarography (DPP) for the simultaneous determination of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol was proposed.
It was found that under optimum experimental conditions (pH = 5, scan rate = 5 mV/s, pulse amplitude = −50 mV), 2-nitrophenol
and 4-nitrophenol had well-defined polarographic reduction waves with peak potentials at −317 and −406 mV, respectively. In
the mixture of two compounds overlapping polarographic peaks were observed. In this study, support vector regression (SVR)
was applied to resolve the overlapped polarograms. Furthermore, a comparison was made between the performance of SVR and partial
least square (PLS) on data set. The results demonstrated that SVR is a better well-performing alternative for the analysis
and modeling of DPP data than the commonly applied PLS technique. The proposed method was used for the determination of 2-nitrophenol
and 4-nitrophenol in industrial waste water. 相似文献
208.
Assessment of drinking water quality using ICP-MS and microbiological methods in the Bholakpur area,Hyderabad, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abdul RM Mutnuri L Dattatreya PJ Mohan DA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(3):1581-1592
A total of 16 people died and over 500 people were hospitalized due to diarrhoeal illness in the Bholakpur area of Hyderabad,
India on 6th May 2009. A study was conducted with immediate effect to evaluate the quality of municipal tap water of the Bholakpur
locality. The study consists of the determination of physico-chemical properties, trace metals, heavy metals, rare earth elements
and microbiological quality of drinking water. The data showed the variation of the investigated parameters in samples as
follows: pH 7.14 to 8.72, EC 455 to 769 μS/cm, TDS 303.51 to 515.23 ppm and DO 1.01 to 6.83 mg/L which are within WHO guidelines
for drinking water quality. The water samples were analyzed for 27 elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn,
Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba and Pb) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
The concentrations of Fe (0.12 to 1.13 mg/L), Pb (0.01 to 0.07 mg/L), Cu (0.01 to 0.19 mg/L), Ni (0.01 to 0.15 mg/L), Al (0.16
to 0.49 mg/L), and Na (38.36 to 68.69 mg/L) were obtained, which exceed the permissible limits of the World Health Organization
(WHO) for drinking water quality guidelines. The remaining elements were within the permissible limits. The microbiological
quality of water was tested using standard plate count, membrane filtration technique, thermotolerant coliform (TTC), and
most probable number (MPN) methods. The total heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 1.0 × 105 to 18 × 107 cfu/ml. Total viable bacteria in all the water samples were found to be too numerable to count and total number of coliform
bacteria in all water samples were found to be of order of 1,100 to >2,400 MPN index/100 ml. TTC tested positive for coliform
bacteria at 44.2°C. All the water samples of the study area exceeded the permissible counts of WHO and that (zero and minimal
counts) of the control site (National Geophysical Research Institute) water samples. Excessively high colony numbers indicate
that the water is highly contaminated with microorganisms and is hazardous for drinking purposes. Bacteriological pollution
of drinking water supplies caused diarrhoeal illness in Bholakpur, which is due to the infiltration of contaminated water
(sewage) through cross connection, leakage points, and back siphoning. 相似文献
209.
The presence of natural estrogen hormones as trace concentrations in the environment has been reported by many researchers
and is of growing concern due to its possible adverse effects on the ecosystem. In this study, municipal biosolids, poultry
manure (PM) and cow manure (CM), and spent mushroom compost (SMC) were analyzed for the presence of seven estrogen hormones.
17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, 17α-dihydroequilin, and estrone were detected in the sampled biosolids and manures at concentrations
ranging from 6 to 462 ng/g of dry solids. 17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, and estrone were also detected in SMC at concentrations
ranging from 4 to 28 ng/g of dry solids. Desorption experiments were simulated in the laboratory using deionized water (milli-Q),
and the aqueous phase was examined for the presence of estrogen hormones to determine their desorption potential. Very low
desorption of 0.4% and 0.2% estrogen hormones was observed from municipal biosolids and SMC, respectively. An estimate of
total estrogen contribution from different solid waste sources is reported. Animal manures (PM and CM) contribute to a significant
load of estrogen hormones in the natural environment. 相似文献
210.
The objective of this study is to assess the risk of insufficient water supply posed by high-turbidity water. Several phenomena
can pose risks to the sufficiency of a water supply; this study concerns risks to water treatment plants from particular properties
of rainfall and raw water turbidity. High-turbidity water can impede water treatment plant operations; rainfall properties
can influence the degree of soil erosion. Thus, water turbidity relates to rainfall characteristics. Exceedance probabilities
are presented for different rainfall intensities and turbidities of water. When the turbidity of raw water is higher than
5,000 NTU, it can cause operational problems for a water treatment plant. Calculations show that the turbidity of raw water
at the Ban-Sin water treatment plant will be higher than 5,000 NTU if the rainfall intensity is larger than 165 mm/day. The
exceedance probability of high turbidity (turbidity >5,000 NTU) in the Ban-Sin water treatment plant is larger than 10%. When
any water treatment plant cannot work regularly, its ability to supply water to its customers is at risk. 相似文献