全文获取类型
收费全文 | 758篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 31篇 |
废物处理 | 35篇 |
环保管理 | 93篇 |
综合类 | 99篇 |
基础理论 | 139篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 241篇 |
评价与监测 | 76篇 |
社会与环境 | 54篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 9篇 |
2022年 | 28篇 |
2021年 | 39篇 |
2020年 | 15篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 35篇 |
2017年 | 30篇 |
2016年 | 42篇 |
2015年 | 29篇 |
2014年 | 33篇 |
2013年 | 78篇 |
2012年 | 40篇 |
2011年 | 54篇 |
2010年 | 42篇 |
2009年 | 35篇 |
2008年 | 38篇 |
2007年 | 32篇 |
2006年 | 33篇 |
2005年 | 22篇 |
2004年 | 18篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有771条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
621.
Yasmin Shirin Appelhans Mark Lenz Heloisa Elias Medeiros Bernardo Antonio Perez da Gama Renato Crespo Pereira Martin Wahl 《Marine Biology》2010,157(5):1151-1159
The production of defence metabolites is assumed to be costly in metabolic terms. If this holds true, low-light stress should
reduce the ability of seaweeds to defend themselves chemically against herbivory and fouling. We investigated the effect of
energy limitation on the defensive status of seaweeds by assessing their attractiveness to mesograzers and their activity
against a bivalve macrofouler in comparison with non-stressed conspecifics. The macroalgae Codium decorticatum (Woodw.) M. Howe, Osmundaria obtusiloba (C. Agardh) R. E. Norris, Pterocladiella capillacea (S. G. Gmel.) Santel. and Hommer., Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh and Stypopodium zonale (Lamour.) Papenf. collected at the southeastern Brazilian coast were exposed to six levels of irradiation (between 1 and
180 μmol photons m−2 s−1) for 10–14 days. After this period, algae from all treatment levels were: (a) processed as artificial food and offered to
an amphipod community dominated by Elasmopus brasiliensis Dana and (b) extracted to test for differences in settlement rates of the fouling mussel Perna perna L. on filter paper loaded with the crude extracts. Generally, photosynthesis rates and growth were reduced under low light
conditions. Attractiveness to herbivores and macrofoulers, however, was insensitive to energy limitation. We discuss possible
explanations for the observed absence of a relationship between light availability and algal defence including the change
in nutritional value of the algal tissue, the allocation of resources towards defence instead of growth and the absence of
costs for defence. 相似文献
622.
Wright SJ Kitajima K Kraft NJ Reich PB Wright IJ Bunker DE Condit R Dalling JW Davies SJ Díaz S Engelbrecht BM Harms KE Hubbell SP Marks CO Ruiz-Jaen MC Salvador CM Zanne AE 《Ecology》2010,91(12):3664-3674
A trade-off between growth and mortality rates characterizes tree species in closed canopy forests. This trade-off is maintained by inherent differences among species and spatial variation in light availability caused by canopy-opening disturbances. We evaluated conditions under which the trade-off is expressed and relationships with four key functional traits for 103 tree species from Barro Colorado Island, Panama. The trade-off is strongest for saplings for growth rates of the fastest growing individuals and mortality rates of the slowest growing individuals (r2 = 0.69), intermediate for saplings for average growth rates and overall mortality rates (r2 = 0.46), and much weaker for large trees (r2 < or = 0.10). This parallels likely levels of spatial variation in light availability, which is greatest for fast- vs. slow-growing saplings and least for large trees with foliage in the forest canopy. Inherent attributes of species contributing to the trade-off include abilities to disperse, acquire resources, grow rapidly, and tolerate shade and other stresses. There is growing interest in the possibility that functional traits might provide insight into such ecological differences and a growing consensus that seed mass (SM), leaf mass per area (LMA), wood density (WD), and maximum height (H(max)) are key traits among forest trees. Seed mass, LMA, WD, and H(max) are predicted to be small for light-demanding species with rapid growth and mortality and large for shade-tolerant species with slow growth and mortality. Six of these trait-demographic rate predictions were realized for saplings; however, with the exception of WD, the relationships were weak (r2 < 0.1 for three and r2 < 0.2 for five of the six remaining relationships). The four traits together explained 43-44% of interspecific variation in species positions on the growth-mortality trade-off; however, WD alone accounted for > 80% of the explained variation and, after WD was included, LMA and H(max) made insignificant contributions. Virtually the full range of values of SM, LMA, and H(max) occurred at all positions on the growth-mortality trade-off. Although WD provides a promising start, a successful trait-based ecology of tropical forest trees will require consideration of additional traits. 相似文献
623.
Luísa Rodrigues Maria João Ramos Pereira Ana Rainho Jorge M. Palmeirim 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(5):835-843
Dispersal and migratory behaviours are often important determinants of gene flow in wild species, and we have studied their
role using ringing-recapture data in the Portuguese population of Miniopterus schreibersii, a cave-dwelling bat that forms large maternity colonies. Juvenile dispersal, usually a major agent of gene flow, appears
to be negligible, as young females never settled to give birth in foreign colonies. Likewise, there was virtually no dispersal
of adult females to foreign maternity colonies. This strong philopatry virtually eliminated female-mediated gene flow, but
we found a great potential for male-mediated gene flow among colonies, as regional migrations temporarily joined both sexes
from different colonies in the same roosts, during the mating season. In fact, females from some colonies were more likely
to mate with males from foreign colonies than from their own, thus potentially bringing home genes of foreign males. In spite
of this abundant gene flow, we found a pattern of isolation by distance and even strong barriers to gene flow, which is explained
by the fact that migrations were usually too short to allow direct flow among distant colonies. We concluded that potential
gene flow is influenced by the distance between colonies and the availability of mating roosts between them. In addition,
we found this flow to be asymmetrical, with a dominant direction from the largest to the smallest colonies. Our ringing-recapture
estimates of potential gene flow based on dispersal and migratory behaviour are compatible with the genetic structure of the
population for both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Our conclusions have implications for the conservation of bats with a spatial
behaviour similar to that of M. schreibersii. Colonies should be managed individually because strict female philopatry not only promotes their isolation but also minimises
the contribution of immigration in rescuing declining colonies. Furthermore, the results underline the importance of preserving
mating roosts to maintain gene flow among colonies. 相似文献
624.
C. Wyborn J. Montana N. Kalas S. Clement F. Davila N. Knowles E. Louder M. Balan J. Chambers L. Christel T. Forsyth G. Henderson S. Izquierdo Tort M. Lim M. J. Martinez-Harms J. Merçon E. Nuesiri L. Pereira V. Pilbeam E. Turnhout S. Wood M. Ryan 《Conservation biology》2021,35(4):1086-1097
Decades of research and policy interventions on biodiversity have insufficiently addressed the dual issues of biodiversity degradation and social justice. New approaches are therefore needed. We devised a research and action agenda that calls for a collective task of revisiting biodiversity toward the goal of sustaining diverse and just futures for life on Earth. Revisiting biodiversity involves critically reflecting on past and present research, policy, and practice concerning biodiversity to inspire creative thinking about the future. The agenda was developed through a 2-year dialogue process that involved close to 300 experts from diverse disciplines and locations. This process was informed by social science insights that show biodiversity research and action is underpinned by choices about how problems are conceptualized. Recognizing knowledge, action, and ethics as inseparable, we synthesized a set of principles that help navigate the task of revisiting biodiversity. The agenda articulates 4 thematic areas for future research. First, researchers need to revisit biodiversity narratives by challenging conceptualizations that exclude diversity and entrench the separation of humans, cultures, economies, and societies from nature. Second, researchers should focus on the relationships between the Anthropocene, biodiversity, and culture by considering humanity and biodiversity as tied together in specific contexts. Third, researchers should focus on nature and economies by better accounting for the interacting structures of economic and financial systems as core drivers of biodiversity loss. Finally, researchers should enable transformative biodiversity research and action by reconfiguring relationships between human and nonhuman communities in and through science, policy, and practice. Revisiting biodiversity necessitates a renewed focus on dialogue among biodiversity communities and beyond that critically reflects on the past to channel research and action toward fostering just and diverse futures for human and nonhuman life on Earth. 相似文献
625.
Virginie Le Masson Colette Benoudji Sandra Sotelo Reyes Giselle Bernard 《Disasters》2019,43(Z3):S245-S270
What consequences does ‘everyday violence’ have on the abilities of survivors to protect themselves from further risks? This paper seeks to establish the linkages between violence and people's resilience capacities to survive and adapt to environmental changes, particularly those living in fragile economic and political contexts such as Chad. It investigates not only how the adverse consequences of violence against women and girls affect the health status and livelihoods of survivors, but also their capacities, and those of their household and community members, to further protect themselves from other risks. Empirical evidence collected in Chad as part of the BRACED (Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters) programme shows that ‘everyday violence’ undermines resilience‐building at the individual, household, and community level. These results have serious implications for development programmes and the role they need to play to better promote both gender equality and resilience to shocks and stresses. 相似文献
626.
627.
Joana Castro Pereira 《环境政策》2018,27(4):763-765
628.
Kavita Miadaira Hamza Denise de Abreu Sofiatti Dalmarco Fernando Antonio de Melo Pereira 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(9):1553-1569
Brazil is a vast country and there are several scientific studies reporting sustainable behavior in its different regions. Since methodologies used in these studies differ from one another, it is hard to compare them. This paper aims to identify whether differences in sustainable behavior occur in different Brazilian regions and what differences can be identified. Through a web survey, we analyzed data from 1,489 participants, from four different regions. We identified two factors (behavior and search for information), and analyzed the differences through multivariate analysis of variance. The Northeast region had a higher score for “search for information”, while Southern regions performed better on “behavior.” The Midwest region had the worst performance for both factors. The reasons for such differences may be greatly influenced by the social/cultural context of each region. The results also show that consumers still do not use their power of choice to pressure companies to become more sustainable. 相似文献
629.
Garcés-Ordóñez Ostin Espinosa Luisa F. Costa Muniz Marcelo Salles Pereira Larissa Borba Meigikos dos Anjos Roberto 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(32):43431-43442
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastic pollution has become a global concern due to its distribution, high abundance, and negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems. These... 相似文献
630.
Brian Byrnes∗ Clive Jones† Sandra Goodman‡ 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1999,42(2):149-166
This paper presents the findings of two 'green pricing' studies conducted to evaluate public support of utilities' investments in renewable energy technologies. These studies compared hypothetical WTP statements with actual payment commitments. The results of these studies indicate that the CVM can be an accurate indicator of an individual's WTP, but that it is an unreliable predictor of which individuals will actually pay. This has important implications for aggregating mean WTP estimates of the value of environmental benefits. It also suggests that market simulations can be useful for predicting programme participation rates when voluntary donations are used as a payment vehicle. 相似文献