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71.
Radioactivity in the environment around past radium and uranium mining sites of Portugal 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Carvalho FP Madruga MJ Reis MC Alves JG Oliveira JM Gouveia J Silva L 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2007,96(1-3):39-46
Measurements of ambient radiation doses and determination of radionuclide concentrations in mining waste and soils were performed in 60 areas of former radium and uranium mining. In several places, mining waste and low-grade uranium ore left on the surface contain radioactivity above regional background. Most of the former mining sites present no enhanced radionuclide concentrations. However, in the mining facilities where the radioactive ore was chemically extracted, mill tailings contain materials with elevated levels of radioactivity, up to 200 times the levels in unaffected soils of the region. Mud from neutralization ponds used to treat acid mine waters contains also elevated radionuclide concentrations. Furthermore, depending on the type of waste, the radioelement composition varies. Environmental rehabilitation measures shall take these differences into account in order to prevent in the long term the radioactive contamination of agriculture soils and water resources, and to ensure adequate radiological protection to the public and to the environment. 相似文献
72.
73.
Milena Marília Nogueira de Andrade Claudio Fabian Szlafsztein Pedro Walfir M. Souza-Filho Adrilayne dos Reis Araújo Monique Kelly Tavares Gomes 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(10):1972-1980
The coastal zone of the Brazilian state of Maranhão is an area characterized by a large variety of human activities and services, in particular in the Itaqui-Bacanga port complex (IBC). The IBC is an area prone to oil spills resulting from the processes of transportation, storage, and tank cleaning. The present study aimed to map the different physical environments adjacent to this complex and the socioeconomic profile of the local population that would be most vulnerable to this type of disaster. Vulnerability studies are essential as one of the first step in the development of an integrated coastal zone management. The variables analyzed in this study included geomorphological units, and the income, education, and dependence on fishing of the local population. The estimate of the vulnerability index was based on the relationships between these variables, which were used to generate a vulnerability map using GIS and the interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing, showing the areas of highest priority for intervention in the case of oil spills. The analysis of the natural and socioeconomic environments indicated that the areas of highest vulnerability correspond to the mangroves and the Vila Nova and Alto da Esperança neighborhoods, respectively. These neighborhoods have a direct relationship with fishing, and low levels of both income and education. By contrast, the lowest vulnerability was attributed to the coastal plateau and the central Anjo da Guarda neighborhood, which is occupied by residents with relatively high income and education, who do not depend on fishing. 相似文献
74.
Factors influencing households' participation in recycling 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The success of a recycling programme depends on the active and sustained participation of citizens in the correct separation and collection of recyclable waste. An effective study of strategies aimed at augmenting people's involvement in recycling involves understanding which factors influence the decision to co-operate with a recycling programme. This research investigates the influence of attitudes, incentives, presence of children in household and information through direct media, on households' participation in recycling. The results suggest that positive attitudes toward recycling and information are important factors in explaining recycling participation. Some guidelines that may be considered in future communication and intervention strategies designed to promote recycling participation are discussed. 相似文献
75.
Costa CJ Marques AP Freitas MC Reis MA Oliveira OR 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,120(1):97-106
In 1996 a program was started, financed by the Environmental Ministry of Portugal and IAEA, aiming to study the inorganic atmospheric pollutant dispersion in Sado Estuary. Gent PM10 air samplers were used for air particulate matter sampling. Three sampling sites were chosen, forming a triangle around the fuel power station of Setúbal. Transplants of Parmelia sulcata Taylor were suspended in nylon bags within a rectangle 15 km wide and 25 km long on a 2.5 x 2.5 km grid. Two sets of four transplants were hung in each of the 47 locations, one set facing the wind and the other set opposing the wind. The transplants were suspended in December 1997 for a 1-year period; every 3 months, one transplant of each set was collected. Both lichen transplants and PM10 filters were analysed by INAA and PIXE. A comparative study of results obtained for the two sampling procedures is presented in this work. 相似文献
76.
In this study, the photoelectrocatalytic behavior of bromide and generation of bromine using TiO2 was investigated in the separate anode and cathode reaction chambers. Our results show that the generation of bromine begins around a flatband potential of -0.34 V vs. standard calomel electrode (SCE) at pH 3.0 under UV illumination and increases with an increase in positive potential, finally reaching a steady-state concentration at 1.0 V vs. SCE. Maximum bromine formation occurs over the range of pH 4-6, decreasing sharply at conditions where the pH>7. 相似文献
77.
Freitas MC Farinha MM Ventura MG Almeida SM Reis MA Pacheco AM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,109(1-3):81-95
This paper describes concentration amounts of arsenic (As), particulate mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) in PM10 and PM2.5, collected since 1993 by the Technological and Nuclear Institute (ITN) at different locations in mainland Portugal, featuring
urban, industrial and rural environments, and a control as well. Most results were obtained in the vicinity of coal- and oil-fired
power plants. Airborne mass concentrations were determined by gravimetry. As and Hg concentrations were obtained through instrumental
neutron activation analysis (INAA), and Ni and Pb concentrations through proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Comparison
with the EU (European Union) and the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) directives for Ambient Air has
been carried out, even though the sampling protocols herein – set within the framework of ITN's R&D projects and/or monitoring
contracts – were not consistent with the former regulations. Taking this into account, 1) the EU daily limit for PM10 was exceeded a few times in all sites except the control, even if the number of times was still inferior to the allowed one;
2) the EU annual mean for PM10 was exceeded at one site; 3) the EPA daily limit for PM2.5 was exceeded one time at three sites; 4) the EPA annual mean for PM2.5 was exceeded at most sites; 5) the inner-Lisboa site approached or exceeded the legislated PMs; 6) Pb levels stayed far below
the EU limit value; and 7) concentrations of As, Ni and Hg were also far less than the reference values adopted by EU. In
every location, Ni appeared more concentrated in PM2.5 than in coarser particles, and its levels were not that different from site to site, excluding the control. The highest As
and Hg concentrations were found in the neighbourhood of the coal-fired, utility power plants. The results may be viewed as
a “worst-case scenario” of atmospheric pollution, since they have been obtained in busy urban-industrial areas and/or near
major power-generation and waste-incineration facilities. 相似文献
78.
Juliane C. Forti Paula G. Lima Andr R. Reis Felipe A. dos Santos Srgio S. Braga 《环境质量管理》2019,28(3):123-130
Solid waste presents the potential for contamination of the soil when it is improperly managed. One of the great challenges of today's society is to promote the proper disposal of municipal solid waste in order to guarantee the safety of public health and to avoid risks to the environment. In this context, the objective of this study is to analyze the concentration profiles of heavy metals and aromatic hydrocarbons of risk that human health in landfill soil. Such works provides an important tool to evaluate the possible presence of contaminants from inappropriate waste disposal, as well as to assist in the management of waste and to prevent environmental contamination. In order to analyze cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg), which are toxic elements, and aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o‐xylene, m‐xylene, and p‐xylene, soil samples were collected at different sites and depths. Neither Cd nor As was detected in any of the samples that were analyzed. Pb levels ranged from 5.34 milligrams per kilograms (mg/kg) to 7.40 mg/kg, Ni levels ranged from 2.17 mg/kg to 3.00 mg/kg, and Hg levels ranged from 75.4 micrograms per kilograms (μg/kg) to 88.3 μg/kg. The aromatic hydrocarbon compounds of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o‐xylene were below 5.5 μg/kg, and m‐, p‐xylene was below 11 μg/kg. The analysis of heavy metals and aromatic hydrocarbons present in the landfill soil showed concentrations below the soil quality guideline values of the Brazilian National Environment Council (CONAMA) Resolution 420, which has criteria for the presence of chemical substances in soil for Brazil. Therefore, the low levels of chemicals may be related to the operational time of the landfill or to the population profile of the municipality, which is predominantly composed of persons involved in family‐based agriculture. 相似文献
79.
Miguel Costa Leal Cristóv?o Nunes Daniel Alexandre Teresa Lopes da Silva Alberto Reis Maria Teresa Dinis Ricardo Calado 《Marine Biology》2012,159(8):1745-1751
Aeolidiella stephanieae is a stenophagous tropical nudibranch that feeds exclusively on glass anemones of the genus Aiptasia. These sea anemones usually harbour endosymbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellates that contribute to the nutrition of their host by providing photosynthetates, such as fatty acids (FA). The present work determined the effect of parental diets on the FA profile of A. stephanieae embryos by feeding breeding pairs of this nudibranch with either symbiotic or aposymbiotic A. pallida. Contrasting FA profiles, namely in the levels of palmitic acid (16:0) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), were recorded for both parental diets and egg masses produced by nudibranchs eating either symbiotic or aposymbiotic A. pallida. Noteworthy effects of parental dietary FAs on egg masses were also observed, particularly for DHA, which is mainly synthetized by the endosymbionts of A. pallida. Additionally, the present study also highlights how bleaching events may promote cascading effects on the nutrition of marine species with a stenophagous diet, such as A. stephanieae. 相似文献
80.
Ricardo Calado Tânia Pimentel Daniel F. R. Cleary Gisela Dionísio Cristóvão Nunes Teresa Lopes da Silva Maria Teresa Dinis Alberto Reis 《Marine Biology》2010,157(11):2427-2434
Larval decapods are commonly produced in captivity and employed in experiments to evaluate interspecific physiological and
biochemical differences. Currently, it is still unknown if different decapod species provided a common diet and exposed to
identical abiotic conditions produce newly hatched larvae (NHL) with similar fatty acid (FA) profiles. This study analyzed
the FA composition of NHL from five marine shrimp species (Lysmata amboinensis, L. boggessi, L. debelius, L. seticaudata and Rhynchocinetes durbanensis) fed a common diet and stocked at constant temperature. FA profiles of NHL differed significantly within and among genera.
NHL from species unable to molt from zoea I to zoea II in the absence of food (L. amboinensis, L. debelius and R. durbanensis) displayed the lowest FA contents. Researchers must be aware that providing a common diet to different species, even if closely
related, may not standardize the FA profile of NHL produced in captivity. 相似文献