喀斯特不同坡位圆果化香的生理与形态特征比较

以喀斯特不同坡位的圆果化香为研究对象,测定上坡和中坡的土壤理化性质、圆果化香叶片的生理生化以及形态指标,研究不同坡位下圆果化香种群的水分调控、光合能力和形态特征的适应性差异。结果表明:(1)土壤含水量中坡比上坡高出94.73%,土壤有机质含量高出81.96%;土壤有效磷含量中坡高于上坡,全氮和全钾含量在两个坡位相差不大。(2)叶片净光合速率(Pn)日变化在上午9:00~11:00和下午13:00~16:00时中坡高于上坡,在"光合午休"时略低于上坡;Pn在中坡10时达到全天最高值7.53μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),而上坡在11时达到全天最大值7.03μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1);叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)日变化在9:00~12:00中坡高于上坡,在12:00~15:00低于上坡。(3)圆果化香在中坡的叶片叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量分别比上坡高74.35%、80.89%、76.57%,丙二醛含量中坡小于上坡。(4)圆果化香叶片的平均长、宽、叶面积、叶片干重均为中坡大于上坡,而比叶面积上坡大于中坡;球果直径在中坡为2.65±0.16cm,比上坡大31.84%,球果的平均种子数量比上坡多27个。综合而言:由于坡位的差异,上坡土壤养分比中坡低得多,不能很好地供给植物生长;上坡圆果化香在水分输入方面不及中坡,而在水分输出方面高于中坡且调控不及时和不合理;在一天的光合作用中,中坡能积累更多的光合产物。     

山区沿河公路路基水毁灾害易损性评价

结合沿河路基水毁的研究资料和野外现场调查,根据山区沿河公路路基水毁易损性评价具有多因素和模糊性的特点,选取路基自身强度及稳定性、防护措施、洪水特性和河床因素等4个因素共10个子因素构成评价因素集,在建立易损性评价指标体系的基础上,采用改进的层次分析法确定了评价因素及其子因素的权重;运用模糊数学方法建立了易损性评价的二级模糊综合评价的数学模型,提高了沿河路基水毁易损性评价的客观性和科学性,并结合实例进行了应用。根据易损性评价结果,可采取相应的沿河路基水毁防治对策。     

Photo-catalytic decolourisation of toxic dye with N-doped titania: A case study with Acid Blue 25

Dyes are one of the hazardous water pollutants.Toxic Acid Blue 25,an anthraquinonic dye,has been decolourised by photo-catalysing it with nitrogen doped titania in aqueous medium.The photo catalyst was prepared from 15% TiCl 3 and 25% aqueous NH 3 solution as precursor.XRD and TEM revealed the formation of well crystalline anatase phase having particle size in the nano-range.BET surface area of the sample was higher than that of pure anatase TiO 2.DRS showed higher absorption of radiation in visible range compared to pure anatase TiO 2.XPS revealed the presence of nitrogen in N-Ti-O environment.The experimental parameters,namely,photocatalyst dose,initial dye concentration as well as solution pH influence the decolourisation process.At pH 3.0,the N-TiO 2 could decolourise almost 100% Acid Blue 25 within one hour.The influence of N-TiO 2 dose,initial concentration of Acid Blue 25 and solution pH on adsorption-desorption equilibrium is also studied.The adsorption process follows Lagergren first order kinetics while the modified Langmuir-Hinselwood model is suitably fitted for photocatalytic decolourisation of Acid Blue 25.     

Simultaneous determination of brominated phenols in soils

Brominated phenols （BPs）, a widely used group of emerging flame retardants, are important environmental contaminants and exhibit endocrine disrupting potential. Method for simultaneous determination of tetrabromobisphenol A （TBBPA）, tribromophenol （TBP）, dibromophenols （DBPs） and monobromophenols （MBPs） in soils using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis （GC/MS） was successfully developed. Cleanup methods for soil extracts including several solid-phase extraction cartridges and different elution solvents were compared and optimized. Florisil cartridge with dichloromethane as the elution reagent was selected for sample cleanup owing to its high and reproducible recoveries of the target analytes in soils. Derivatization conditions were tested and the optimal conditions were obtained with 20 μL silylation reagent at room temperature. The chromatographic separation was optimized with different columns and DB-XLB column was selected for its excellent separation of the analytes. The limits of detection for the target compounds were from 0.04 to 0.19 ng/g. Mean recoveries of the compounds from spiked soils exceeded 84% with a good reproducibility, excepting that the recovery of 2-bromophenol was relatively poor （lower than 55%） due to its instability. The developed method was applied to the determination of the BPs in the soils collected from e-waste sites. The contents of BPs in the soils were at ng/g levels with TBBPA and TBP the most frequently detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report for the simultaneous determination of TBBPA, TBP, DBPs and MBPs in soils.     

储罐冷却材料喷涂装置的设计与优化

针对火灾情况下油罐区的保护问题,设计了一种储罐冷却材料喷涂装置。装置通过“动”、“静”结构结合的设计方案,满足了对高吸水性聚合物冷却材料的混配溶胀与喷涂要求。利用FLUENT软件对新型旋流静态混合器的分析结果表明,新型旋流静态混合器切向速度大,径向混合能力和湍流扩散能力强,有利于实现良好的混合效果。     

地膜覆盖与施加γ-HCH对农田土壤温室气体排放的影响

采用地膜覆盖和施加 γ-HCH(0 ng???g?1、50 ng???g?1、500 ng???g?1)双因素处理进行紫苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)盆栽培养试验,通过静态箱-气相色谱法研究了地膜覆盖与施加γ-HCH对土壤温室气体(N2O、CH4和CO2)排放的影响.结果表明:(1)供试土壤是N2O的排放源和CH4的弱吸收汇.(2)土壤N2O和CO2排放通量与土壤含水率和土壤温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05).(3)地膜覆盖显著抑制了无植物处理组第28?—?35 d土壤N2O的排放(P<0.05),以及无植物处理土壤施加γ-HCH时土壤对CH4的吸收峰值(P<0.05);且地膜覆盖极显著促进了CO2的排放(P<0.01).(4)高浓度γ-HCH(500 ng???g?1)处理组N2O排放通量显著高于低浓度γ-HCH处理组(P<0.05),施加高浓度γ-HCH(500 ng???g?1)极显著促进无植物处理和种植苜蓿时无覆盖土壤对CH4的吸收峰值(P<0.01);施加γ-HCH会抑制CO2的排放(P>0.05).     

中国县域碳排放时空演变与异质性

县域是实现减排控碳的关键空间单元,研究并揭示县域碳排放的时空演变特征和影响机制对于实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义.以县域作为分析单元,运用数理统计和面板数据回归模型等方法,分析2000～2017年中国县域碳排放时空演变和异质性特征,探究其影响机制.结果表明：(1) 2000～2017年碳排放年均增速为7.12%,历经“大幅上升-缓慢上升-高位波动”3个发展阶段,最终稳定在90×10⁸ t左右;在县域尺度上表现为显著正向空间自相关.(2)普通面板回归模型显示,GDP、建设用地规模、人口规模、人均GDP和人均金融机构存款余额和碳排放关系显著,前三者对碳排放的促进作用最为强烈.(3)时空地理加权回归模型拟合优度较高,除国民生产总值在全局上稳定表现为促进作用以外,其余影响因素的作用方向和强度均在时空上发生了较大转变;表明我国不同类型县域间碳排放水平和主要影响因素各异.该研究一定程度上揭示了县域碳排放的演变特征和异质性,有助于优化“双碳”目标的空间实施路径.     

粤港澳大湾区旅游竞争力与城市化的耦合协调度及其对地方经济的影响

研究旅游竞争力与城市化的耦合协调效应对地方经济的影响具有重要意义。以粤港澳大湾区为例,利用2007—2019年的时间序列数据,构建旅游竞争力—城市化的耦合协调度评价模型,通过固定效应模型检验耦合协调度与地方经济之间的因果关系,最后利用VAR模型作进一步分析。研究发现：（1）粤港澳大湾区旅游竞争力和城市化的耦合协调度在波动中上升,不同地区波动时点和波幅存在差异;（2）地方经济增长和耦合协调度间呈现正相关,在时间序列上存在长期稳定关系;（3）广州、东莞、江门和澳门的耦合协调度对地方经济产生显著的冲击效应与方差贡献,其中广州和澳门的响应积极迅速,东莞存在滞后性,江门波动较大。研究结果对建成“宜居宜业宜游”湾区具有一定参考价值。     

Ag-PANI/BiOI光催化剂湿法脱除气态单质汞

采用原位光还原和简易化学吸附法制备出新型的三元Ag负载聚苯胺/碘氧化铋（PANI/BiOI）系列光催化剂,在模拟烟气条件下考察了光催化剂的脱汞性能,研究了Ag负载量、反应温度和烟气成分等对脱汞活性的影响,采用N₂吸附-脱附、XRD、TEM、XPS、DRS等技术对光催化剂的物理化学属性进行表征.结果表明：添加PANI后,光催化剂的Hg⁰去除性能大幅提升.负载4wt%的Ag后,Ag（4%）PANI/Bi OI具有约98%的脱汞性能.无机阴离子NO₃^-、Cl^-和SO₄^2-对光催化剂脱汞性能的抑制作用较小,但CO₃^2-对光催化剂的活性抑制作用较大,脱汞效率明显下降至82%.与PANI/BiOI相比,Ag（4%）PANI/Bi OI的比表面积和总孔容增大,表明Ag纳米颗粒高度分散在PANI/Bi OI的表面.Ag-PANI/BiOI显示出较强的光吸收能力.Ag纳米颗粒的添加能显著增强PANI/Bi OI表面e^--h⁺对的有效分离.光催化剂高效脱汞的原因在于PANI、Bi OI之间良好的带隙匹配和Ag纳米颗粒的表面等离子体共振（SPR）效应.     

Distance-dependent varieties of microbial community structure and metabolic functions in the rhizosphere of Sedum alfredii Hance during phytoextraction of a cadmium-contaminated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The recovery of microbial community and activities is crucial to the remediation of contaminated soils. Distance-dependent variations of microbial...