试论空分装置的防爆技术

空分装置的安全运行是工业制氧安全生产的关键环节 ,也是最难控制的危险源。本文从空分爆炸原理入手 ,系统阐述了碳氢化合物在液氧中的积聚机理 ,激发能源的种类与形成 ,并提出了综合控制空分爆炸的若干措施     

安全文化对安全行为的影响模式

从分析文化对人的行为的影响方式出发 ,阐述了安全文化对人的安全行为的影响模式 ,提出了运用安全文化塑造人的安全行为的途径 ,同时为推动安全文化建设 ,以预防人的不安全行为的观点提供了理论依据 ,笔者所提出的建设安全文化的途径 ,对减少意外伤亡事故的发生具有现实指导意义和积极预防作用     

Small island developing states and sustainable development of ocean resources

Because of their economic and environmental vulnerability, small island developing states (SIDS) have peculiar developmental problems that severely affect their ability to implement the measures necessary for attaining sustainable development as recommended in UNCED's Agenda 21. Although this has been recognised by the Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD), and although there has been international acceptance of a SIDS Programme of Action (POA), SIDS have not been the focus of adequate attention by international and donor agencies. As a result, progress toward implementing the POA has been disappointing. This study examines the question of how sustainable management and development of ocean resources can contribute significantly to the achievement of the objectives of the SIDS POA.     

Continuous Emissions Monitoring Using Spark-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT

A new technology for monitoring airborne heavy metals on aerosols and particulates based on spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SIBS) was evaluated at a joint U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)/U.S. Department of Energy test at the rotary kiln incinerator simulator (RKIS) facility at EPA/Research Triangle Park, NC, in September 1997. The instrument was configured to measure lead and chromium in a simulated combustion flue gas in real time and in situ at target levels of 15 and 75 u, g/dry standard cubic meters. Actual metal concentrations were measured during the tests using EPA Reference Method (RM) 29.

The SIBS technology detected both lead and chromium at the low- and high-level concentrations. Additionally, the hardware performed without failure for more than 100 hr of operation and acquired data for 100% of the RM tests. The chromium data were well correlated with concentration increases resulting from duct operations and pressure fluctuations that are known to entrain dust.     

安全监控系统评价方法的选择

新的国际标准要求对安全监控系统进行安全整体水平评价。通过对适用评价方法的比较和分析，认为扩展的马尔克夫分析方法具有系统评价完整，适用性强的明显优点。