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141.
Kauser Jahan Raúl Ordóñez Ravi Ramachandran Shira Balzer Michael Stern 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2008,8(3-4):395-404
Nonylphenol is the primary breakdown product of nonylphenol ethoxylates, a certain class of nonionic surfactants. Nonylphenol
has been found to be toxic to aquatic organisms and has been suspected of being harmful to humans due to its xenoestrogenic
properties. Although there are known releases of nonylphenol to the environment, there is a lack of data describing the extent
of biodegradation. This study thus focuses on much needed information on the biodegradation kinetics of nonylphenol. Oxygen
uptake, cell growth and nonylphenol removal data were collected using batch reactors in an electrolytic respirometer. Nonylphenol
removal, cell growth and substrate removal rates were modeled by the Monod, Haldane, Aiba, Webb, and Yano equations. The differential
equations were solved by numerical integration to simulate cell growth, substrate removal, and oxygen uptake as a function
of time. All models provided similar results with the Haldane model providing the best fit. The values of the kinetic parameters
and the activation energy for nonylphenol were determined. These values can be used for predicting fate and transport of nonylphenol
in the environment. The validity of applying each model to the biodegradation of nonylphenol was analyzed by computing the
R
2 values of each equation. 相似文献
142.
J. M. F. F. Santos D. M. Santos C. G. R. Lopes K. A. Silva E. V. S. B. Sampaio E. L. Araújo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(10):8287-8302
This study aimed to describe and compare the interannual changes in the diversity and population structure of herbaceous plants in an anthropogenic area that has been regenerating for 15 years and to identify the similarities and differences in the biological attributes of the community compared with the characteristics of a regenerating conserved area. In total, 105 plots measuring 1 m2 were established. In each plot, the herbaceous plants were identified, and their height and stem diameter were measured for two consecutive years. The herbaceous flora of the anthropogenic area was represented by 86 species in 70 genera and 27 families, and there were no significant differences in the average richness between years. The conserved area was represented by 71 species in 63 genera and 35 families, and there was a significant difference in the total richness between areas and between years, except when comparing the richness between the conserved area and the anthropogenic area during the second year. Considering both the anthropogenic and conserved areas, 123 herbaceous species were listed, and the similarity between areas was 60 %. For the anthropogenic area, the floristic similarity between years was 95 %, and in the fragment of the conserved area, the similarity was 74 %. The diversity and density were significantly different between years and between areas. Given these results, this study suggests that 15 years of natural regeneration for the caatinga is not sufficient to reestablish its native flora with respect to its herbaceous component. 相似文献
143.
144.
Araújo Leylia K. F. Albuquerque Allan A. Ramos Weslley C. O. Santos Alef T. Carvalho Sandra H. V. Soletti João I. Bispo Mozart D. 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(8):11732-11750
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The activated biochar is a carbonaceous material obtained from thermal degradation of biomass with high adsorption potential. On the other hand, the... 相似文献
145.
de Oliveira RL Lins Neto EM Araújo EL Albuquerque UP 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,132(1-3):189-206
In spite of heavy harvesting pressure on some of the most popular medicinal plant species, there are very few published studies concerning their conservation the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. In light of this fact, the present work sought to evaluate the local conservation and the harvesting sustainability of medicinal plants in an region of caatinga vegetation employing a fusion of biological and cultural approaches. Ethnobotanical methodologies and techniques were employed in the community of “Riachão de “Malhada de Pedra”” (municipality of Caruaru, state of Pernambuco, Brazil) in order to document local knowledge concerning medicinal plants and to examine the availability of those plants in a caatinga vegetation fragment located near that community. A total of 21 medicinal plant species were identified in the area and classified according to ecological factors and local uses. Two plants (Ziziphus joazeiro and Myracrodruon urundeuva) stood out has having high priority for conservation efforts. Sixteen species were identified as having populations adequate for harvesting through a system of pre-determined quotas, while four species were deemed sufficiently abundant to be harvested without risk of causing significant impact on their sustainability. 相似文献
146.
The solid waste accumulation patterns on Tamandaré beach, Pernambuco State (Brazil), was assessed from February 2001 to July 2002. This beach is easily accessible, frequently used, and there is a public cleaning service. The beach is under the influence of three small coastal drainage basins. The study visually divided the beach into 15 segments according to the level of solid waste contamination into absent (A), trace (B), unacceptable (C) and objectionable (D). The lowest levels of contamination were found at the middle part of the study area, the most vulnerable in respect to coastal erosion presenting numerous interventions on the beach, absence of native vegetation and lesser width. The highest levels of contamination were at the northern and southern ends of the area, where there are no developments, the beach morphology favours deposition of sediments, there is native vegetation and the beach is wider. The D level did not occur within the area. 相似文献
147.
J. de Araújo Jr. D. Magalhães N. A. de Oliveira H. Wiebeck J. R. Matos 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2014,22(1):52-57
In this work, synthetic polyester and poly(lactic acid) blends used as biodegradable shopping plastic bags were studied, together with control samples of polyethylene containing pro-oxidant catalysts (called “oxidegradable bags” in the market). Samples of these materials were weighed and buried in simulated soil for 3 months, and then studied by Thermal Analysis including a non-isothermal kinetic analysis. It was observed that although there was no significant mass loss in the period of the ageing, the activation energies for the thermal decomposition processes were substantially reduced for the biodegradable samples, but not for the oxidegradable ones. 相似文献
148.
We explore the problem of integrating some of the many factors involved in conservation planning by focusing on their effects on a common currency of conservation success, the probability of persistence. This approach has the potential to reduce many of the difficulties inherent in combining different pattern and process factors. For handling information expressed as probabilities, five area-selection methods are compared. 相似文献
149.
Individual-level variation in resource use occurs in a broad array of vertebrate and invertebrate taxa and may have important
ecological and evolutionary implications. In this study, we measured the degree of individual-level variation in prey preference
of the hunting wasp Trypoxylon albonigrum, which inhabits the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. This wasp captures several orb-weaving spider genera to provision
nests. Individuals consistently specialized on a narrow subset of the prey taxa consumed by the population, indicating the
existence of significant individual-level variation in prey preferences. The population niche was broader in the wet season
in terms of both prey size and taxa. In the case of prey size, the population niche expansion was achieved via increased individual
niche breadths, whereas in the case of prey taxa, individual niches remained relatively constrained, and the population niche
expanded via increased interindividual variation. The observed pattern suggests the possibility of functional trade-offs associated
with the taxon of the consumed prey. The nature of the trade-offs remains unknown, but they are likely related to learning
in searching and/or handling prey. We hypothesize that by specializing on specific prey taxa, individuals increase foraging
efficiency, reducing foraging time and ultimately increasing reproductive success. 相似文献
150.
Jahan Zaib Niazi Muhammad Bilal Khan Gul Saeed Sher Farooq Kakar Salik Javed Hägg May-Britt Gregersen Øyvind Weiby 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(8):2598-2608
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Nanocomposite membranes promoted by mimic enzyme was developed and optimized for biogas upgrading at moderately high pressure applications up to... 相似文献