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21.
Kalra N Jain MC Joshi HC Chaudhary R Kumar S Pathak H Sharma SK Kumar V Kumar R Harit RC Khan SA Hussain MZ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,87(1):93-109
Field experiments were carried out during 1996–97at Gulawathi, Muthiani and Salarpur Villages, IARI Farm, NewDelhi and NCPP Campus, Dadri to evaluate changes in soilcharacteristics and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.),mustard (Brassica juncea L.), lentil (Lence esculentaMoench.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) byvarying amounts of flyash addition (up to 50t ha-1) in soils atsowing/transplanting time of crops. Flyash addition in areasadjoining NCPP Thermal Power Plant, Dadri, Ghaziabad, U.P.ranged from 5–12 t ha-1 yr-1 in 1995–96. Shoot and root growthand yield of test crops at different locations after flyashincorporation resulted in beneficial effects of flyashaddition in most cases. The silt dominant texture of flyashimproved loamy sand to sandy loam textures of the surfacesoils at the farmers' fields. The increased growth in yield ofcrops with flyash incorporation was possibly due tomodifications in soil moisture retention and transmissioncharacteristics, bulk density, physico-chemical characterssuch as pH and EC and organic carbon content. The response offlyash addition in the soil on soil health and cropproductivity needs to be evaluated on long-term sustainableaspects. 相似文献
22.
Alka Sharma Rita Kumar Anil Kumar S. V. Gangal 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,60(3):251-260
A number of microorganisms were isolated from sewage. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD-5 day) analysis was carried out by individual pure cultures. The cultures giving higher or equal BOD values as compared to reference GGA solution were selected for the formulation of a defined mixed microbial consortium. This microbial consortium was co-immobilized on calcium-alginate beads. Four synthetic and six industrial samples were tested for BOD by using immobilized beads as well as sewage as source of seeding materials. BOD values obtained with beads for all the synthetic as well as industrial samples were fairly comparable with those obtained with sewage. Reusability of prepared microbial beads was also checked with different synthetic and industrial samples and was compared with reference GGA solution. The same microbial beads can be reused three times for different BOD-5 day estimations. It is recommended that immobilized microbial beads can be used as a ready-to-use seeding material for BOD analysis. 相似文献
23.
M. H. Fulekar Jaya Sharma Akalpita Tendulkar 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(12):7299-7307
The present research study investigates bioremediation potential of biostimulated microbial culture isolated from heavy metals waste disposal contaminated site located at Bhayander (east), Mumbai, India. The physicochemical and microbial characterization including heavy metal contaminants have been studied at waste disposal site. The microorganisms adapted at heavy metal-contaminated environment were isolated, cultured, and biostimulated in minimal salt medium under aerobic conditions in a designed and developed laboratory bioreactor. Heavy metals such as Fe, Cu, and Cd at a selected concentration of 25, 50, and 100?μg/ml were taken in bioreactor wherein biostimulated microbial culture was added for bioremediation of heavy metals under aerobic conditions. The remediation of heavy metals was studied at an interval of 24?h for a period of 21?days. The biostimulated microbial consortium has been found effective for remediation of Cd, Cu, and Fe at higher concentration, i.e., 100?mg/l up to 98.5%, 99.6%, and 100%, respectively. Fe being a micronutrient was remediated completely compared to Cu and Cd. During the bioaccumulation of heavy metals by microorganisms, environmental parameters such as pH, total alkalinity, electronic conductivity, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, etc. were monitored and assessed. The pilot scale study would be applicable to remediate heavy metals from waste disposal contaminated site to clean up the environment. 相似文献
24.
Paras Jain Ravi Chandra Sharma Pradip Bhattacharyya Pabitra Banik 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(4):1999-2011
We studied the suitability of Panchgavya (five products of cow), new organic amendment, application on seed germination, plant growth, and soil health. After characterization, Panchgavya was mixed with water to form different concentration and was tested for seed germination, germination index, and root and shoot growth of different seedlings. Four percent solution of Panchgavya was applied to different plants to test its efficacy. Panchgavya and other two organic amendments were incorporated in soil to test the change of soil chemical and microbiological parameters. Panchgavya contained higher nutrients as compared to farm yard manure (FYM) and vermicompost. Its application on different seeds has positively influenced germination percentage, germination index, root and shoot length, and fresh and dry weight of the seedling. Water-soluble macronutrients including pH and metal were positively and negatively correlated with the growth parameters, respectively. Four percent solution of Panchgavya application on some plants showed superiority in terms of plant height and chlorophyll content. Panchgavya-applied soil had higher values of macro and micronutrients (zinc, copper, and manganese), microbial activity as compared to FYM, and vermicompost applied soils. Application of Panchgavya can be gainfully used as an alternative organic supplement in agriculture. 相似文献
25.
Kaushik CP Sharma HR Gulati D Kaushik A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,182(1-4):467-475
Bovine milk samples were collected and analyzed during 1992 and 1998 from rural areas of 14 different districts of Haryana state for the presence of HCH and DDT residues. The study revealed that the mean residues of ΣHCH in raw bovine milk have declined by 67.5% while mean levels of ΣDDT have decreased by 92.8% during six years gap. The obtained results reveal that during 1992 p,p'-DDT was the main component followed by p,p'-DDD, α-HCH and β-HCH while in 1998, p,p'-DDE and β-HCH followed by p,p'-DDT were relatively more as compared to other isomers and metabolites of these pesticides. 相似文献
26.
Singh HP Sharma VP Batish DR Kohli RK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(4):1813-1821
Indiscriminate adoption and use of cell phone technology has tremendously increased the levels of electromagnetic field radiations
(EMFr) in the natural environment. It has raised the concerns among the scientists regarding the possible risks of EMFr to
living organisms. However, not much has been done to assess the damage caused to plants that are continuously exposed to EMFr
present in the environment. The present study investigated the biochemical mechanism of interference of 900 MHz cell phone
EMFr with root formation in mung bean (Vigna radiata syn. Phaseolus aureus) hypocotyls, a model system to study rhizogenesis in plants. Cell phone EMFr enhanced the activities of proteases (by 1.52
to 2.33 times), polyphenol oxidases (by 1.5 to 4.3 times), and peroxidases (by 1.5 to 2.0 times) in mung bean hypocotyls over
control. Further, EMFr enhanced malondialdehyde (an indicator of lipid peroxidation), hydrogen peroxide, and proline content,
indicating a reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative damage in hypocotyls. It was confirmed by the upregulation in the
activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione
reductase) suggesting their possible role in providing protection against EMFr-induced oxidative damage. The study concluded
that cell phone radiations affect the process of rhizogenesis through biochemical alterations that manifest as oxidative damage
resulting in root impairment. 相似文献
27.
Drinking water samples collected from rural areas of three districts of Haryana during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods
were analysed for the presence of organochlorine pesticide residues. The main source of drinking water in rural areas, i.e.
groundwater in Ambala and Gurgaon districts and surface water supply in Hisar district, was found to be contaminated with
isomers of HCH and endosulfan and metabolites of DDT, whereas dieldrin remained below detection limits. During the study period,
the mean values observed for total HCH, DDT and endosulfan were 87.6, 848.2, and 27.4 ng/L and 99.8, 275.3 and 164.2 ng/L,
respectively, for Ambala and Gurgaon districts. In the case of Hisar district, the values were 78.5, 115.9, and 53.0 ng/L,
respectively. During the study period, 37% of the samples exceeded the total pesticide level of 500 ng/L indicated in the
EECD directive for drinking water. Seasonal variations of pesticide residues were also observed during the study period. 相似文献
28.
Smriti Sharma Balwinder Singh V. K. Gupta 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):7183-7193
Imidacloprid is extensively used on a broad range of crops worldwide as seed dressing, soil treatment, and foliar application. Hence, the degradation potential of bacterial strains from sugarcane-growing soils was studied in liquid medium for subsequent use in bioremediation of contaminated soils. The microbe cultures degrading imidacloprid were isolated and enriched on Dorn’s broth containing imidacloprid as sole carbon source maintained at 28 °C and Bacillus alkalinitrilicus showed maximum potential to degrade imidacloprid. Clay loam soil samples were fortified with imidacloprid at 50, 100, and 150 mg kg?1 along with 45?×?107 microbe cells under two opposing sets of conditions, viz., autoclaved and unautoclaved. To study degradation and metabolism of imidacloprid under these two conditions, samples were drawn at regular intervals of 7, 14, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 days. Among metabolites, three metabolites were detected, viz., 6-chloronicotinic acid, nitrosimine followed by imidacloprid-NTG under both the conditions. Total imidacloprid residues were not found to follow the first-order kinetics in both types of conditions. This paper reports for the first time the potential use of pure cultures of soil-isolated native bacterium B. alkalinitrilicus and also its use along with natural soil microflora for remediation of imidacloprid-contaminated soils. 相似文献
29.
Manoj Kumar Nivedita Mukherjee Gyan Prakash Sharma A. S. Raghubanshi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,167(1-4):417-422
Rapid urbanization and increasing land use changes due to population and economic growth in selected landscapes is being witnessed of late in India and other developing countries. The cities are expanding in all directions resulting in large-scale urban sprawl and changes in urban land use. The spatial pattern of such changes is clearly noticed on the urban fringes or city peripheral rural areas than in the city center. In fact, this is reflected in changing urban land use patterns. There is an urgent need to accurately describe land use changes for planning and sustainable management. In the recent times, remote sensing is gaining importance as vital tool in the analysis and integration of spatial data. This study intends to estimate land use pattern in a planned and unplanned urban setup and also to analyze the impact of change in land use pattern in the Varanasi urban environment. The results indicate that the planned urban setup had a higher tree cover to that of unplanned area in the Varanasi City, although a considerable disparity existed within the planned urban setups. The results emphasize the need to critically review concepts of urban planning and give more consideration to the preservation and management of urban tree cover/greenspace. 相似文献
30.
Rai Singh Bhupender S. Sharma Shiv Nath Chalka 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,168(1-4):195-203
Atmospheric aerosols and their impacts on the environment particularly on human health is an issue of significant public and governmental concern. Though studies on air quality related to total suspended particulate matter have done by various authors in India, yet respirable suspended particulate matter (PM10) is not characterized so far particularly in a historical and world heritage city like Agra. This study presents seasonal variation in mass levels of PM10 and its ionic composition. PM10 samples were collected in the proximity of Taj Mahal and subjected to chemical analysis using ion chromatography technique. The preliminary findings reveal that the 24-h average of PM10 mass level varies from 115 to 233, 155 to 321, and 33 to 178 μg/m3, respectively, in summer, winter, and rainy seasons indicating critical pollution situation. These values are very much higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of 75 μg/m3 (prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board, India) in both of summer and winter seasons whereas quite near the permissible limits in rainy season. The equivalent ratios of NH4 + to nonsea salt SO4 2? and NO3 ? and ∑Cations to ∑Anios were found to be greater than unity indicating high source strength of ammonia and alkaline nature of aerosols. The study suggests the need for continuous and long-term systematical sampling and detailed physiochemical analysis of PM10 and also to know the characteristics of PM in background areas for better understanding of the emission sources. 相似文献