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121.
G. Bruce Williamson † William F. Laurance † Alexandre A. Oliveira ‡ Patricia Delamônica † Claude Gascon † Thomas E. Lovejoy § and Luciano Pohl† 《Conservation biology》2000,14(5):1538-1542
Abstract: In 1997, the Amazon Basin experienced an exceptionally severe El Niño drought. We assessed effects of this rare event on mortality rates of trees in intact rain forest based on data from permanent plots. Long-term (5- to 13-year) mortality rates averaged only 1.12% per year prior to the drought. During the drought year, annual mortality jumped to 1.91% but abruptly fell back to 1.23% in the year following El Niño. Trees dying during the drought did not differ significantly in size or species composition from those that died previously, and there was no detectable effect of soil texture on mortality rates. These results suggest that intact Amazonian rainforests are relatively resistant to severe El Niño events. 相似文献
122.
Maria Aparecida Macêdo Silva Gilmara Fernandes Eça Danielle Felix Santos Alonso Góes Guimarães Michelle Coêlho Lima Marcelo Friederichs Landim de Souza 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(7):5387-5399
Sampling was conducted monthly during a transition period between the dry and rainy seasons in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) in eutrophication control. STP effluent and fluvial input data were also estimated. In the dry period, high concentrations of nutrients, chlorophyll a (up to 360 μg?L?1), and anoxia in bottom waters were observed in the upper portion of the estuary. Nitrate was scarce during the dry months, although high concentrations were observed at the river sources and the upper estuary. The N:P and Si:P molar ratios were usually below 16:1, and the Si:N ratio was higher than 1:1. The fluvial inputs were a greater source of nutrients to the estuary than the STP, but nutrient loading by these effluents were also important in contributing to the eutrophication of the upper estuarine zone, especially in the dry season when symptoms were more intense. 相似文献
123.
124.
João Marcelo de Castro e Sousa Ana Paula Peron Louridânya da Silva e Sousa Mércia de Moura Holanda Ataíde de Macedo Vieira Lima Vitor Alves de Oliveira Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva Leonardo Henrique Guedes de Morais Lima Leomá Albuquerque Matos Sandra Maria Mendes de Moura Dantas Raí Pablo Sousa de Aguiar Muhammad Torequl Islam Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante Cláudia Costa Bonecker Horácio Ferreira Júlio Junior 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(6):301
In general, tropical rivers have a great impact on human activities. Bioaccumulation of toxins is a worldwide problem nowadays and has been, historically, overlooked by the supervisory authorities. This study evaluated cytogenotoxic effects of Guaribas river (a Brazilian river) water during dry and rainy seasons of 2014 by using the Allium cepa test system. The toxicogenetic variables, including root growth, mitotic index, and chromosomal aberrations, were analyzed in meristematic cells of A. cepa exposed to water samples taken from the up-, within, and downstream of the city Picos (state: Piauí). The physical-chemical parameters were also analyzed to explain water quality and possible anthropogenic action. Additionally, the presence of heavy metals was also analyzed to explain water quality and possible damaging effects on eukaryotic cells. The results suggest that the river water exerted cytotoxic, mutagenic, and genotoxic effects, regardless of the seasons. In addition, Guaribas river presented physico-chemical values outside the Brazilian laws, which can be a characteristic of human pollution (domestic sewage, industrial, and local agriculture). The genetic damage was positively correlated with higher levels of heavy metals. The pollution of the Guaribas river water may link to the chemical contamination, including the action of heavy metals and their impacts on genetic instability in the aquatic ecosystem. In conclusion, necessary steps should be taken into account for further toxicogenetic studies of the Guaribas river water, as it has an influence in human health of the same region of Brazil. 相似文献
125.
Simões Marta Filipa Maiorano Alfredo Eduardo dos Santos Jonas Gomes Peixoto Luciana de Souza Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla Neto Almir Oliveira Brito António Guerreiro Ottoni Cristiane Angélica 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(3):1413-1420
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The anthraquinone dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R is largely used in the textile industry. However, its removal from wastewaters is costly and complex. Many methods... 相似文献
126.
David J. Suggett Ruy K. P. Kikuchi Marília D. M. Oliveira Saulo Spanó Rafael Carvalho David J. Smith 《Marine Biology》2012,159(7):1461-1473
Coral communities were examined from highly turbid near-shore marginal reefs of Abrolhos (Brazil) to test a paradigm previously developed from observations in clear water reefs; specifically, that coral photobiological properties follow a highly conserved linear relationship with optical depth (ζ) via preferential ‘non-photochemical’ over ‘photochemical’ dissipation of absorbed light energy. PAM flourometry in situ was used to examine the photobiology of the most dominant coral species throughout the platform surfaces and bases of Abrolhos’ characteristic ‘chapeir?es’ reef framework; however, none of the species consistently adhered to the ‘clear water paradigm’. PAM measurements further demonstrated that species conformed to two different strategies of non-photochemical energy dissipation: transient but relatively rapid for the two closely related endemic species (Mussismilia braziliensis and Mussismilia harttii) as opposed to more persistent for Montastrea cavernosa, Porites astreoides and Siderastrea stellata. Further experiments demonstrated that tolerance to anomalous stress amongst species did not correspond with the non-photochemical energy dissipation strategy present but was consistent with the relative dominance of species within the chapeir?es coral communities. 相似文献
127.
Moreno-Tost R Oliveira ML Eliche-Quesada D Jiménez-Jiménez J Jiménez-López A Rodríguez-Castellón E 《Chemosphere》2008,72(4):608-615
Copper based catalysts supported on mesoporous materials, which were in turn based on a surfactant expanded zirconium phosphate for the formation of silica galleries in the interlayer space, were prepared by the impregnation method. They were then characterised and tested in the selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia as active catalysts for the control of the NOx emissions from heavy duty vehicles. Copper catalysts displayed a high catalytic performance, even in the presence of 14% (v/v) of H2O and 100 ppm of SO2. They also displayed improved catalytic behaviour when compared to a CuZSM5 catalyst. 相似文献
128.
Veado MA Arantes IA Oliveira AH Almeida MR Miguel RA Severo MI Cabaleiro HL 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,117(1-3):157-172
Intense mining activities in Minas Gerais State – Brazil brings out tons of waste to the environment. Considerable concentrations
of toxic elements penetrate the soil, ground waters and rivers. This endangers the environment quality not only in the surrounding
areas but also in ichthyofauna and in more distant areas of cattle raising and agricultural activities. After seasonal floods,
veterinary clinic studies have shown that most animals raised in this region are affected by symptomatologic nervous diseases,
still not clearly diagnosed, which suggests intoxication. These pathologies are mostly noted after floods. Instrumental Neutron
Activation Analysis was applied to determine Al, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Nd, Rb,
Sb, Sc, Sm, Th and Zn in environmental samples. The obtained results show that the water and sediment contaminated with heavy
metals and toxic elements from the Das Velhas River upstream basin, the mining region, carry contamination to the ichthyofauna
and farming region within a distance of approximately 400 km. 相似文献
129.
Sergei Schreider Panlop Zeephongsekul Matthew Fernandes 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2010,15(4):223-238
This paper is a case study which describes the application of game-theoretic approach in resource management with specific
emphasis on developing optimal strategies of phosphorus applications for soil fertilisation. The approach adopted allows resource
managers to consider not only competitive strategies, which were treated as the Nash equilibrium game solutions, but also
strategies which imply cooperation between farmers. These strategies were modelled as the cooperative Pareto optima of the
game. The objective function of the game has been developed in order to reflect both economic advantages of phosphorus applications
and the environmental losses associated with these applications expressed as dollar values. The paper presents algorithms
for finding competitive and cooperative solutions of the game for the particular case when no time scheduling is included
in the game parametrisation. The results obtained in the paper showed that the cooperative solutions lead to much lesser environmental
impacts than that in the case of non-cooperative strategies. 相似文献
130.
R. S. Oliveira Jr. W. C. Koskinen N. R. Werdin P. Y. Yen 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):39-49
Abstract The sorption of imidacloprid (l‐[(6‐chloro‐3‐pyridinyl)‐methyl]‐N‐nitro‐2‐imidazolid‐inimine) (IMI) and its metabolites imidacloprid‐urea (l‐[(6‐chloro‐3‐pyridinyl)‐methyl]‐2‐imidazol‐idinone) (IU), imidacloprid‐guanidine (l‐[(6‐chloro‐3‐pyridinyl)‐methyl]‐4,5‐dihydro‐lH‐imidazol‐2‐amine) (IG), and imida‐cloprid‐guanidine‐olefin ( 1 ‐[(6‐chloro‐3‐pyridinyl)methyl]‐lH‐imidazol‐2‐amine) (IGO) was determined on six typical Brazilian soils. Sorption of the chemicals on the soil was characterized using the batch equilibration method. The range and order of sorption (Kd) on the six soils was IG (4.75–134) > IGO (2.87–72.3) > IMI (0.55 ‐16.9) > IU (0.31–9.50). For IMI and IU, Kd was correlated with soil organic carbon (OC) content and CEC, the latter due to the high correlation between OC and cation exchange capacity (CEC) (R2=0.98). For IG and IGO, there was no correlation of sorption to clay, pH, OC or CEC due to the high sorption on all soils. Average Koc values were IU = 170, IMI = 362, IGO = 2433, and IG = 3500. Although Kd and Koc values found were consistently lower than those found in soils developed in non‐tropical climates, imidacloprid and its metabolites were still considered to be slightly mobile to immobile in Brazilian soils. 相似文献