宁波南沙港网箱养殖水域营养状况评价及生物修复策略

根据2007年1月-2007年11月4个航次对宁波南沙港网箱养殖水域水体营养盐（NO2--N、NO3--N、NH 4＋-N和PO34--P）含量的监测结果,利用营养指数E法对水体的富营养化状态进行了评价。根据网箱养殖系统物质平衡方程和现场调查实验数据,估算了南沙港网箱养殖水域的氮磷污染负荷,以溶解态氮作为平衡指标,估算了鱼藻类合理的配比模式。结果表明,南沙港水体中NO2--N、NO3--N、NH4＋-N、PO4-P含量年变化范围分别为0.26μmol/L～4.86μmol/L,33.93μmol/L～82.86μmol/L,0.59μmol/L～7.86μmol/L,1.47μmol/L～2.97μmol/L,不同养殖区之间营养盐含量差异不显著（p〈0.05）;营养指数E值年变化范围介于2.41～15.99之间,表明该港水体处于重度富营养化状态;养殖区N/P值的年平均值为32.95,表明南沙港海区是一个氮过剩的养殖系统。南沙港网箱养殖水域氮、磷的负荷量分别为70.43 t/a和5.96 t/a,其中溶解态氮、磷负荷量分别为49.3 t/a和2.38 t/a;南沙港的藻类养殖面积需要在现有基础上再扩大0.44倍,达到107.52 ha,才可以与网箱养殖系统的氮磷污染负荷构成平衡;网箱养殖个数与藻类养殖面积（ha）的合理配比约为1∶0.027。     

负载氧化镧的活性炭还原NO的研究

稀土金属具有一些特殊的性能,这使得其对碳质材料还原NO的反应可能表现出特殊的催化效果,而此方面的研究没有报道.为了研究稀土金属对活性炭还原NO反应的催化效果,采用浸渍法制备了负载氧化镧的活性炭颗粒(La/C),并在无氧的固定床反应器中进行了程序升温反应和等温反应,考察了气体流量、NO的入口浓度、反应温度和氧化镧负载量对反应活性的影响,同时对反应机理和动力学进行了初步探讨.研究结果表明负载氧化镧的活性炭还原NO的反应是一级反应.由于炭表面3%(质量分数)的氧化镧的存在,C-NO反应的起始反应温度从500 ℃降低到300 ℃,反应活性大大提高,反应活化能从88.95 kJ/mol降低到51.05 kJ/mol.氧化镧的负载量对反应活性有重要影响,但负载量的大量增加对反应活性的提高效果甚微,最佳负载量为1.5%.La/C体系在反应中较稳定,而反应温度的升高对其稳定性不利.     

生物强化系统微生物分子诊断技术的应用及新发展

现代分子生物技术的飞速发展及其在环境研究领域的应用，为生物强化技术的研究和发展提供了新方法和新思路。本文从生物强化系统特异微生物检测及定量化技术、生物强化系统微生物群落结构组成及动态演替规律研究、生物强化作用机制的分子生物学解析、生物强化菌的基因工程构建、生物强化系统微生物的安全释放及控制技术几方面，对生物强化系统微生物分子诊断技术的应用和发展作了较为全面的综述。     

Source analysis of particulate-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urban atmosphere of a northern city in China

Particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were investigated at six sampling sites in the heating (February to March 2001) and nonheating (August to September 2001) periods in an industrial city in Northern China. Thirteen PAHs were measured. The total average concentrations (nanograms per meter cubed) of PAHs ranged between 78.93 and 214.63 during the heating period and from 31.48 to 102.26 in the nonheating period. Benzo(a)pyrene occurred at the highest level at a site near an industrial area but occurred at low concentrations far from the city center and industrial areas. In addition, ambient PAH profiles were studied. The five and six-ring species occurred in high fractions at the sampling site. By diagnostic ratio analysis, the major source at each sampling site in the city was coal combustion in the heating period; in the nonheating period, the major sources were relatively complex. Finally, the similarities among the six regions were assessed by principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and coefficient of divergence. These multivariate statistical analyses produced similar results, which agreed with the results from the diagnostic ratio analysis.     

MSWNet: A visual deep machine learning method adopting transfer learning based upon ResNet 50 for municipal solid waste sorting

● MSWNet was proposed to classify municipal solid waste. ● Transfer learning could promote the performance of MSWNet. ● Cyclical learning rate was adopted to quickly tune hyperparameters. An intelligent and efficient methodology is needed owning to the continuous increase of global municipal solid waste (MSW). This is because the common methods of manual and semi-mechanical screenings not only consume large amount of manpower and material resources but also accelerate virus community transmission. As the categories of MSW are diverse considering their compositions, chemical reactions, and processing procedures, etc., resulting in low efficiencies in MSW sorting using the traditional methods. Deep machine learning can help MSW sorting becoming into a smarter and more efficient mode. This study for the first time applied MSWNet in MSW sorting, a ResNet-50 with transfer learning. The method of cyclical learning rate was taken to avoid blind finding, and tests were repeated until accidentally encountering a good value. Measures of visualization were also considered to make the MSWNet model more transparent and accountable. Results showed transfer learning enhanced the efficiency of training time (from 741 s to 598.5 s), and improved the accuracy of recognition performance (from 88.50% to 93.50%); MSWNet showed a better performance in MSW classsification in terms of sensitivity (93.50%), precision (93.40%), F1-score (93.40%), accuracy (93.50%) and AUC (92.00%). The findings of this study can be taken as a reference for building the model MSW classification by deep learning, quantifying a suitable learning rate, and changing the data from high dimensions to two dimensions.     

高尔夫球场施用农药的环境风险分析

高尔夫球场使用农药,对周围生态环境和人体健康的影响,已引起人们普遍关心.评价化学农药毒死蜱时,根据球场工程结构和排水系统,以及球场施用农药的剂量、次数、方式,并考虑当地的气象、环境特征,进行了非正常因子风险分析试验.试验表明,毒死蜱施用后,农药主要保持在表层0～20cm的砂层中,不易随水淋溶进入水体;一旦进入水体,其消解速度很慢,易对饮用水造成污染,存在一定的潜在风险     

Blood concentrations of lead,cadmium, mercury and their association with biomarkers of DNA oxidative damage in preschool children living in an e-waste recycling area

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced DNA damage occurs in heavy metal exposure, but the simultaneous effect on DNA repair is unknown. We investigated the influence of co-exposure of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) on 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and human repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) mRNA levels in exposed children to evaluate the imbalance of DNA damage and repair. Children within the age range of 3–6 years from a primitive electronic waste (e-waste) recycling town were chosen as participants to represent a heavy metal-exposed population. 8-OHdG in the children’s urine was assessed for heavy metal-induced oxidative effects, and the hOGG1 mRNA level in their blood represented the DNA repair ability of the children. Among the children surveyed, 88.14% (104/118) had a blood Pb level >5 μg/dL, 22.03% (26/118) had a blood Cd level >1 μg/dL, and 62.11% (59/95) had a blood Hg level >10 μg/dL. Having an e-waste workshop near the house was a risk factor contributing to high blood Pb (r _s  = 0.273, p < 0.01), while Cd and Hg exposure could have come from other contaminant sources. Preschool children of fathers who had a college or university education had significantly lower 8-OHdG levels (median 242.76 ng/g creatinine, range 154.62–407.79 ng/g creatinine) than did children of fathers who had less education (p = 0.035). However, we did not observe a significant difference in the mRNA expression levels of hOGG1 between the different variables. Compared with children having low lead exposure (quartile 1), the children with high Pb exposure (quartiles 2, 3, and 4) had significantly higher 8-OHdG levels (β _Q2 = 0.362, 95% CI 0.111–0.542; β _Q3 = 0.347, 95% CI 0.103–0.531; β _Q4 = 0.314, 95% CI 0.087–0.557). Associations between blood Hg levels and 8-OHdG were less apparent. Compared with low levels of blood Hg (quartile 1), elevated blood Hg levels (quartile 2) were associated with higher 8-OHdG levels (β _Q2 = 0.236, 95% CI 0.039–0.406). Compared with children having low lead exposure (quartile 1), the children with high Pb exposure (quartiles 2, 3, and 4) had significantly higher 8-OHdG levels.     

灾害保险赔案数据库的建立及应用——以湖南省溆浦县保险赔案数据库为例

保险公司的赔案资料记录了保险理赔的货币过程,它是进行保险赔会审计分析和保险出险原因分析最可靠的实证材料。作者利用１９８１～１９９３年湖南省保险公司企业财产险、家庭财产险、货物运输险、种养业险等四个主要保险险种的赔案资料,以行政县,区为基本单元建立了达２３３７６１条记录的灾害保险赔案数据库。以湖南省溆浦县保险公司的赔案数据库为例,对其近１０多年来的保险灾害状况进行了初步分析,为当地保险公司提出了保险防灾防损的理论根据。     

对开发建设项目环境影响评价中公众参与内容的探讨

环境影响评价中公众参与的内容应与建设项目的生产性质、污染状况相适应。不同类型的开发建设项目开展的公众参与内容是不同的。对项目公众参与的组织形式及内容进行了探讨，便于指导建设项目的环境影响评价工作。     

三元乙丙橡胶超细纤维复合膜的制备及其截留性能

以四氢呋喃和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,配制三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)纺丝液,通过静电纺丝技术制备了EPDM超细纤维,进而以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)微滤膜为基膜制备了EPDM超细纤维复合膜。采用红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对EPDM超细纤维的结构和形态进行了表征。考察了复合膜对苯乙烯废水的截留效果和复合膜通量的变化情况。实验结果表明:EPDM超细纤维具有类似无纺布形式的多孔纤维网状结构,其直径在0.2~2.0μm之间;复合膜在操作压力为0.1MPa的条件下,处理质量浓度为100μg/mL的模拟苯乙烯废水,膜通量约为5.90mL/(cm2.h),苯乙烯去除率可达89.7%。