内分泌干扰物对机体脂质代谢的影响及其机制研究进展

近年来许多动物实验研究表明,内分泌干扰物(endocrine disrupting chemicals,EDCs)暴露除了会损伤生殖、免疫和神经系统等,还能够干扰脂质代谢,增加肥胖、非酒精性脂肪肝和高脂血症等疾病的发病风险.笔者总结了多种EDCs对不同动物模型(哺乳动物、硬骨鱼类、两栖动物)脂质代谢的影响,主要包括促进...     

油烟净化器使用过程中的问题及处理方法

随着人民环保意识的提高,国家法律、法规要求的加强,饭馆、餐厅均对油烟采取了治理措施;在日常工作中对饭馆、餐厅油烟净化器使用进行调查发现,油烟净化器使用过程中存在二次污染及闲置的问题。本文通过调查分析查找到了原因,并提出应对措施。这对改善油烟净化器使用现状、提高环境质量、促进社会和谐具有建设性意义。     

室内空气PM_(2.5)污染的国内研究现状及综合防控措施

良好的室内空气质量是健康人居的必要条件。PM2.5是影响日常室内空气质量的主要因素。中国室内PM2.5污染程度较重,其主要的污染来源有:吸烟、生活燃料燃烧、烹饪和清扫等室内活动以及室外大气颗粒物的渗透作用等。同时,文章就如何减轻室内空气的PM2.5污染提出多方面的综合防控措施。     

Ni2+改性的Cu-ZSM-5催化分解NO的性能

研究 Ni²⁺改性的 Cu^- ZSM-5催化剂在无氧和有氧气氛下的 NO分解反应性能 ,考察 Ni²⁺的加入量及加入方式对 Cu-ZSM-5催化剂 NO分解活性的影响 .结果表明 ,先交换适量 Ni²⁺再交换 Cu²⁺的 Ni-Cu-ZSM-5催化剂较单组分 Cu-ZSM-5催化剂有较高的高温 (500℃～600℃) NO分解活性 .在含 5.5% O₂ 的反应气氛中 ,Ni-Cu-ZSM-5在 500℃下的 NO分解率较之 Cu-ZSM-5高出约 20% ,Ni²⁺的引入显著提高了催化剂的抗氧活性 .就 Ni²⁺对 Cu-ZSM-5催化剂的可能改性机制进行了讨论 .     

Low-carbon transition of iron and steel industry in China: Carbon intensity, economic growth and policy intervention

As the biggest iron and steel producer in the world and one of the highest CO₂ emission sectors, China's iron and steel industry is undergoing a low-carbon transition accompanied by remarkable technological progress and investment adjustment, in response to the macroeconomic climate and policy intervention. Many drivers of the CO₂ emissions of the iron and steel industry have been explored, but the relationships between CO₂ abatement, investment and technological expenditure, and their connections with the economic growth and governmental policies in China, have not been conjointly and empirically examined. We proposed a concise conceptual model and an econometric model to investigate this crucial question. The results of regression, Granger causality test and impulse response analysis indicated that technological expenditure can significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, and that investment expansion showed a negative impact on CO₂ emission reduction. It was also argued with empirical evidence that a good economic situation favored CO₂ abatement in China's iron and steel industry, while achieving CO₂ emission reduction in this industrial sector did not necessarily threaten economic growth. This shed light on the dispute over balancing emission cutting and economic growth. Regarding the policy aspects, the year 2000 was found to be an important turning point for policy evolution and the development of the iron and steel industry in China. The subsequent command and control policies had a significant, positive effect on CO₂ abatement.     

光合细菌及活性污泥法联用工艺处理明胶废水试验

研究了光合细菌(photo-synthetic bacteria,简称PSB)及活性污泥法联用工艺处理明胶生产过程中产生的高浓度有机废水的可行性。经过光合细菌及活性污泥先后次序的变换,得出了最优处理工艺。结果表明:"PSB+活性污泥"工艺、"活性污泥+PSB"工艺COD去除率平均值分别为94.7%和96.0%;"活性污泥+PSB"工艺有较强的去除钙质和耐冲击负荷的能力,该工艺适合处理此种含高钙、高氯、高碱明胶的废水。     

北京市饮用水中溴酸盐、卤代乙酸及高氯酸盐研究

调查了北京市饮用水厂源水及出厂水中消毒副产物溴酸盐、卤代乙酸及典型污染物高氯酸盐的污染现状,研究了其来源及环境影响因素.结果表明,北京市饮用水中基本不含溴酸盐;含有5种卤代乙酸和高氯酸盐.饮用水加氯消毒是产生卤代乙酸的主要原因.在所调查水厂出厂水中卤代乙酸的平均浓度为42.1～149.5μg/L;其中含氯卤代乙酸占总量的90%以上.5种卤代乙酸的含量顺序为三氯乙酸>二氯乙酸>氯溴乙酸>二溴乙酸>一溴二氯乙酸.饮用水中卤代乙酸受季节影响较大,9月份浓度最高,4月份浓度最低.高氯酸盐主要存在于以地下水为源水的水厂中,受地下水污染影响较大.各水厂出厂水中高氯酸盐含量为0.1～6.8μg/L.饮用水中高氯酸盐在11月份含量最高,7月份含量最低.     

珠江口浮游藻类生态及与关键水质因子分析

从宏观上和特殊性两方面对其进行浮游藻类生态发生与关键水质因子 (盐度、DO、PO4 P、NO3 N)关联的研究与总结。得出二者间确有关联 ,在 12个测点站位中 ,C12 站位具有水域特殊性 ,即在C12 测点具有溶解氧超饱和现象 ,溶氧饱和率为 115 % ,中肋骨条藻高达 8.6 9× 10 5L 1,个体百分组成高达 87.4 % ,藻类优势度为92 .3% ,该测点水域处于赤潮状态 ,并导致C12 测点活性磷浓度为最低测值。由于硝酸盐含量很高 ,藻类生长和硝酸盐的特殊对应关系不明显。相关分析显示 ,在整个水域盐度与藻类生长为正相关 ,藻类丰度与最高溶氧也为正相关 ,藻类生长与活性磷和硝酸盐之间乃为负相关     

The difference of morphological characteristics and population structure in PAO and DPAOgranular sludges

We examined how long-term operation of anaerobic–oxic and anaerobic–anoxic sequencing batch reactors(SBRs) affects the enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)performance and sludge characteristics. The microbial characteristics of phosphorus accumulating organism(PAO) and denitrifying PAO(DPAO) sludge were also analyzed through a quantitative analysis of microbial community structure. Compared with the initial stage of operation characterized by unstable EBPR, both PAO and DPAO SBR produced a stable EBPR performance after about 100-day operation. From day 200 days(DPAO SBR)and 250 days(PAO SBR) onward, sludge granulation was observed, and the average granule size of DPAO SBR was approximately 5 times larger than that of PAO SBR. The DPAO granular sludge contained mainly rod-type microbes, whereas the PAO granular sludge contained coccus-type microbes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed that a high ratio of Accumulibacter clade I was found only in DPAO SBR, revealing the important role of this organism in the denitrifying EBPR system. A pyrosequencing analysis showed that Accumulibacter phosphatis was present in PAO sludge at a high proportion of 6%,whereas it rarely observed in DPAO sludge. Dechloromonas was observed in both PAO sludge(3.3%) and DPAO sludge(3.2%), confirming that this organism can use both O_2 and NO_3~- as electron acceptors. Further, Thauera spp. was identified to have a new possibility as denitrifier capable of phosphorous uptake under anoxic condition.     

采用高效菌提高普通活性污泥系统抗2,4-DCP负荷冲击能力

研究了用于处理生活污水的普通活性污泥反应器(CAS)受到2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)间歇性负荷冲击时,投加高效菌的生物强化系统和对照系统对污染物的响应及系统稳定性,并考察了长期运行过程中强化系统对目标污染物去除能力的变化.结果表明,投加5%和15% 2,4-DCP复合高效菌的强化CAS系统,其对目标污染物的降解能力及抗负荷冲击能力得到显著提高.当系统受到间歇性2,4-DCP负荷冲击[110.37～171.60 mg/(L·d)]时,对于单次投菌后前30日内发生的间歇性负荷冲击,强化系统有效保持了对目标污染物的强化效果;在无2,4-DCP存在的情况下连续运行70d,当系统再次受到2,4-DCP负荷冲击时,强化系统的强化效果与前几次相比已明显下降,不能够快速有效去除污染物并维持系统稳定,因此有必要再次投加高效菌.