试论安全管理中惩罚的合理应用

介绍了惩罚的定义、类型、作用及负效应。重点阐述了在安全管理中如何科学合理地利用惩罚。     

基于二层分解技术的短期负荷预测研究

钢铁用户的增多会使地区含有大量的冲击负荷,传统的预测方法难以捕捉该地区的负荷变化规律,预测精度不足。为提高含大量负荷地区的负荷预测的精度和泛化性,提出一种基于可变模式分解与奇异谱分析相结合的二层分解技术(VMD-SSA)和改进鲸鱼算法(IWOA)优化极限学习机(ELM)的短期负荷预测模型。通过实例证明,相比于其它模型,所提混合模型能充分掌握负荷的变化规律,有效提高了含大量负荷地区的负荷预测的精度和泛化能力。     

Properties of mortars made by uncalcined FGD gypsum-fly ash-ground granulated blast furnace slag composite binder

A series of novel mortars were developed from composite binder of uncalcined FGD gypsum, fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) for the good utilization of flue gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum. At a fixed ratio (20%) of GGBFS to the composite binder, keeping consistency of the mortar between 9.5 and 10.0 cm, the properties of the composite mortar were studied. The results show that higher water/binder (W/B) is required to keep the consistency when increasing the percentage of FGD gypsum. No obvious influences of the W/B and content of FGD gypsum on the bleeding of paste were observed which keeps lower than 2% under all experimental conditions tried. The highest compressive and flexural strengths (ratio is 20% FGD gypsum, 20% GGBFS and 60% FA) are 22.6 and 4.3 MPa at 28 days, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that massive ettringite crystals and C-S-H gels exist in the hydration products. At 90 days the mortars with FGD gypsum is dramatically smaller drying shrinkage (563-938 micro strain) than that without FGD gypsum (about 2250 micro strain). The release of the SO(4)(2-) from the mortar was analyzed, indicating that the dissolution of sulfate increases with FGD gypsum. The concentration of SO(4)(2-) releasing from the mortar with 10% FGD gypsum is almost equal to that obtained from the mortar without FGD gypsum. The release of SO(4)(2-) from the mortar with 20% FGD gypsum is 9200 mg·m(-2), which is lower than that from the mortar with 95% cement clinker and 5% FGD gypsum.     

盐酸-次氯酸钙氧化法去除贫泥磷中的黄磷

分别采用次氯酸钙单一体系和盐酸-次氯酸钙复合体系对贫泥磷中的黄磷进行氧化处理,重点考察了盐酸浓度、次氯酸钙加入量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对贫泥磷中黄磷去除率的影响。实验结果表明:与单一次氯酸钙体系相比,盐酸的加入有效地破除了贫泥磷中的胶质结构,盐酸-次氯酸钙复合体系能有效地去除贫泥磷中的黄磷;在反应温度为60℃、盐酸浓度为2.4 mol/L、破胶反应时间为30 min、次氯酸钙加入量为250 g/L、氧化反应时间为3 h的最佳条件下,黄磷的去除率达到99.6%以上。     

聚合硫酸铁制备及其净水处理应用

讨论了以FeSO4·7H2O和H2SO4为原料,以HNO3为催化剂通入空气氧化铁(Ⅱ)制备聚合硫酸铁的主要影响因素。实验表明:[SO42-]/[Fe]总=1.35～1.40为较合适的投料比例;HNO3的投料量约为原料FeSO4·7H2O投料的4%,反应温度为60～90℃,搅拌速度为400～600r/min,反应时间4h。反应后期pH基本不变;产品对活性大红溶液的净水处理结果较为满意,脱色率98.8%,COD的去除率为92%。     

Models for Prediction and Assessment of Losses of Production Suspending and Cutting in Enterprises

１ＴｈｅＬｏｓｓｅｓｏｆＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｕｓｐｅｎｄｉｎｇ／ＣｕｔｔｉｎｇａｎｄＩｔｓＭｅａｓｕｒｉｎｇＳｃａｌｅ１．１ＴｈｅＬｏｓｓｅｓｏｆＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｕｓｐｅｎｄｉｎｇａｎｄＣｕｔｔｉｎｇＴｈｅｌｏｓｓｅｓｏｆｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｉｎｇａｎｄｃｕｔｔｉｎｇｍｅａｎｔｈｅｌｏｓｓｅｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｅｎｔｅｒｐｒｉｓｅｓｈａｖｅｔｏｓｔｏｐｏｒｒｅｄｕｃｅｉｔｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｌｏｗｅｒｓｉｔｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｓｃａｌｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｗ…     

德育方法探究

德育方法的正确实施，是提高德育效果的重要环节。在对学生进行品德教育的过程中，教师可通过综合教育法、精讲教学法、互动式教学法和实践教学法的有效实施，来提高学生学习的积极性，提高学生的表达能力和自我教育能力，并实现促进学生知行统一的教育教学目标。     

OPTIMUM USE OF PADDY FIELDS FOR FLOOD MITIGATION1

In Taiwan, the continuously increasing levels of rice imports are likely to result in surplus paddy fields. Hence, the surplus paddy fields may be developed into wetlands to increase ground water recharge, provide appropriate environments for wildlife, and most importantly, store flood water. This study developed a hydrological model incorporating the distributed rainfall‐runoff model based on the kinematics wave approach and the distributed tank model for simulation, respectively, in mountainous and flat areas. The hydrological model was found to simulate the rainfall‐runoff behavior well in the study area. Furthermore, a decision method based on the genetic algorithm concepts was proposed to give policy makers the optimal location and area size of paddy fields to construct wetlands for flood mitigation.     

数字化记录地震分析中的一个技巧

本文通过远震S波到时减P波到时(或极远震PP到时减PKP到时)之差与地震最大面波到时的关系,来推测一个地震发生后,只要震相S、P(或PP、PKP)已确定,就能推测最大面波的到时。反过来,最大面波到时一定,就能基本确定S(或PP)波到时的大致位置,再根据其它震相在S(或PP)波前后出现的规律,从而可靠的分析地震,在地震速报和震相分析当中很有实用价值。     

A new water quality assessment model based on projection pursuit technique

A new water quality assessment model was built based on projection pursuit technique. A great quantity of sample data was applied to increase the model's precision. A new genetic algorithm combined with conditional optimization method was proposed and applied to the model optimization, which could deal with global optimization problem with various restrictions effectively. The case study shows that this model can give an appropriate assessment of water quality. Moreover, it can determine the index weights in an objective way or provide information for decision makers, which is difficult for other assessment methods.