哈尔滨市农村生态环境污染防治对策

农村生态环境保护与建设是建设生态文明的重要组成部分,也是重要基础工作。随着农村经济发展,城镇化进程的不断加深,农村的生态环境保护面临巨大压力。为进一步解析哈尔滨市农村污染现状、发展态势和目前存在的问题,阐明了哈尔滨市农村污染防治的意义与必要性,文章在调研当前哈尔滨市农村生态环境存在的问题基础上,对农村面源污染产生的生态环境破坏进行了深入的研究,在充分利用当前国家加大农村环境建设投入的有利机遇基础上,提出了哈尔滨市农村生态环境污染相应的防治对策,为哈尔滨市农村生态文明建设和农村环境保护提供借鉴和参考。     

顺德水道土壤及沉积物中重金属分布及潜在生态风险评价

水源地周边土壤及河道沉积物的环境质量状况极大程度影响着河流饮用水安全.为调查顺德水道水源地重金属空间分布特征及其污染来源,本研究采集了顺德水道周边表层土壤及其主要支流入河口沉积物,并测定各样品中Cd、Zn、Pb、Cu、Ni、Cr等6种重金属浓度,最后基于两种潜在生态风险评价方法对其生态风险进行评价.结果发现,顺德水道表层土壤中Zn、Cr、Pb、Cu、Ni和Cd平均含量分别为186.80、65.88、54.56、32.47、22.65和0.86 mg·kg~(-1),除Cu、Ni外其它重金属均超过顺德土壤背景值;8个主要支流入河口间表层沉积物中6种重金属元素平均含量依次为:Zn(312.11 mg·kg~(-1))Cr(111.41mg·kg~(-1))Pb(97.87 mg·kg~(-1))Cu(92.32 mg·kg~(-1))Ni(29.89 mg·kg~(-1))Cd(1.72 mg·kg~(-1)),除Ni之外其余均高于顺德土壤背景值.主成分分析结果发现表层土壤中Cr、Ni含量主要受自然母质影响,Zn、Pb、Cu和Cd主要来源于该地区制造业的废水排放;沉积物中6种重金属均来源于外源输入,受顺德水道周边的工业活动影响.基于环境生物可利用态的潜在生态风险评价结果发现顺德水道周边表层土壤中Cd呈现轻微的潜在生态危害,而入河口沉积物中Cd呈现中度的潜在生态危害,土壤和沉积物中Zn、Pb、Cu和Ni的潜在生态危害程度均表现为轻微.由于基于环境生物可利用态的潜在生态风险评价充分考虑了土壤理化性质及重金属形态,其结果低于Hakanson潜在生态风险评价结果,可避免对重金属的潜在危害程度的高估.     

海军战术导弹武器系统可靠性试验技术分析及发展建议

为深入完善海军战术导弹可靠性试验技术,为新研型号研制定型提供借鉴参考。对近年来海军导弹武器产品的可靠性试验工作进行了总结。阐述了单机、舰面设备、全弹不同层级产品可靠性试验技术特点,指出了当前可靠性试验工作中存在的不足之处,最后为后续海军战术导弹武器系统可靠性试验技术发展提出建议。     

Do not like it when you need it the most: Examining the effect of manager ego depletion on managerial voice endorsement

This paper advances the understanding of managerial voice endorsement based on a self‐regulation perspective. We suggest that although managers might potentially benefit more from employees' upward voice when they are more depleted, they are paradoxically less likely to diligently process or endorse such voice under ego depletion. We draw from ego depletion theory and argue that when managers are more depleted of their self‐control resources, they will spend less cognitive effort in processing voice. In turn, they tend to reject employee voice due to status quo bias and confirmation bias. We further suggest that the detrimental effect of ego depletion on voice endorsement is stronger when the voicing employee is perceived as having low expertise. We conducted an experience sampling study surveying 62 managers about voice events they encounter at work over 10 days (Study 1) and an experiment with 198 managers (Study 2). These two studies support our hypotheses. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.     

燃油锅炉噪声控制设计

为改善大气质量环境,多数城市市区淘汰了小型燃煤锅炉,以集中供热或燃油锅炉取而代之,由于燃油锅炉多安装在机关小院或居民小区内,运行中辐射较强的噪声,影响人们的工作和生活,必须加以控制。针对燃油锅炉噪声频谱特性进行分析,提出合理的治理措施,并通过工程实施验证了设计方案的正确性,给燃油锅炉噪声控制提供了可借鉴的经验。     

大学英语作文中的词语搭配错误分析

本文主要采用错误分析的研究方法对大学英语专业一年级学生的英语作文中的词语搭配现象进行分析、探讨，试图对英语学习者写作过程中出现的搭配性错误进行归类，探其成园，并据此对英谔搭配教学提出建议。     

物理污染及其对人类的危害

本文从噪声、放射性和电磁辐射三个方面对物理性污染的来源及其危害作了详尽的阐述，指出了物理性污染的形成及其诱发疾病的常见症状，提醒人们在日常生活中注意对物理性污染的防范。     

Research on low emission MSW gasification and melting system

In order to eliminate secondary pollution caused by municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration, a MSW gasification and melting process is proposed. The process is expected to reduce the emission of pollutants, especially heavy-metals and dioxins. In this paper, the combustible components of MSW and simulated MSW were gasified in a lab-scale fluidized bed at 400°C–700°C when the excess air ratio (ER) was between 0.2 and 0.8. The experimental results indicated that the MSW could be gasified effectively in a fluidized bed at approximately 600°C–700°C when excess air ratio was 0.2–0.4. The melting characteristics of two typical fly ash samples from MSW incinerators were investigated. The results indicated that fly ash of pure MSW incineration could be melted at approximately 1,300°C and that of MSW and coal co-combustion could be melted at approximately 1,400°C. When temperature was over 1,100°C, more than 99.9% of the dioxins could be decomposed and most of the heavy-metals could be solidified in the slag. Based on the above experiments, two feasible MSW gasification and melting processes were proposed for low calorific value MSW: (1) sieved MSW gasification and melting system, which was based on an idea of multi-recycle; (2) gasification and melting scheme of MSW adding coal as assistant fuel.     

四川省农用土地资源卫星遥感宏观监测技术方法研究

通过对土地利用类型区的分层技术、卫星遥感抽样技术、样方调查方法、数据库建立、数据汇总与外推方法、数理统计分析与精度评估等６个专题的重点研究，探索出一套四川省农用土地利用现状卫星遥感抽样调查与监测的技术方法。该技术方法实用性和可操作性较强，已在四川省实施应用，完成了１∶１０万农用土地利用现状抽样调查。土地利用类型区分为７个层２５个亚层，抽样数为１１８个，样方大小为１０ｋｍ×１０ｋｍ（即１００ｋm₂），实际抽样率为２．０％。应用结果表明：在合理分层的基础上，采用卫星遥感抽样与地理信息系统相结合的方法，能满足土地利用现状宏观调查与监测的精度要求。     

中央空调系统噪声测评与控制对策

由于中央空调设计缺陷，安装时没有采取有效的减振措施引起机壳振动或管道风量调节不当，导致噪声超标，引发了许多经济纠纷。只有通过对空调系统噪声进行正确测试与合理评价，找出噪声超标的原因，才能化解这方面的矛盾。