复合式膜生物反应器中EPS的分布特征及其与膜污染的关系

采用复合淹没式膜生物反应器(Hybrid Membrane Bioreactor,HMBR)处理城市污水,对反应器污水处理效果、胞外多聚物(Extracellular Polymeric Substances,EPS)在反应器中的分布及其与膜污染的关系等问题进行了系统研究.结果表明,反应器出水中SS、COD、BOD5、氨氮的去除率都在93％以上,出水水质稳定.反应器混合液中松散态EPS( Loosely Bond EPS,LB-EPS)和固着态EPS(Tightly Bond EPS,TB-EPS)都随着运行时间而增加,并且与跨膜压差(Trans-Membrane Pressure,TMP)的变化存在较强的线性相关关系(R2=0.89);填料生物膜上EPS的质量比随着运行时间的增加也有上升趋势,但与膜污染没有明显的相关关系( R2=0.55);泥饼层中TB-EPS的质量比远高于LB-EPS,EPS与表征膜污染程度的TMP明显相关(R2 =0.91),EPS在泥饼层中的积累是造成膜污染的重要因素之一.     

A survey of international urban search-and-rescue teams following the Ji Ji earthquake

On 21 September 1999, the Ji Ji earthquake killed 2,347 people. In the immediate aftermath the international community, mobilised rapidly and sent urban search-and-rescue (US&R) teams to the scene. This paper will present an annotated survey of the expertise and standard of equipment of international US&R teams following that earthquake which could serve as a blueprint for the establishment of US&R teams elsewhere at risk from earthquakes.     

Using Chitosan as a Coagulant in Recovery of Organic Matters from the Mash and Lauter Wastewater of Brewery

Chitosan is a natural biopolymer which can be used to replace aluminum salts and chemical polymers as a coagulant to avoid the human health problems caused by the residual of aluminum and chemical polymers in water. Chitin is a major component in shrimp and crab shells, and chitosan can be produced from chitin via a deacetylated process. Since the biodegradation of chitin is very slow, large amount of discards from the processing of crustaceans has become a major concern in seafood industry. Therefore, more works are need to find the possible applications of chitin, chitosan and their derivatives. This research used chitosan as a coagulant to recover wheat dregs in the wastewater from washing the mash and the lauter unit in a brewery, and regards this study as an example to understand the influences of the characters of the wastewater on the treatment plant of brewery. The result shows that the␣wastewater from the mash and the lauter units can have the best treatment efficiency at the coagulant dosage of 120 mg/L in the original pH 4.5. Increasing the solution pH decreased the turbidity removal efficiency. The dominant mechanisms for chitosan to remove colloids in the␣wastewater are charge bridging and neutralization, and the later becomes less significant in␣the high pH. The coagulant of chitosan removed most of the colloidal form organic matter in the wastewater, but it has only little effect on the removal of dissolving organic matter. Chitosan is a natural material, after coagulation the sludge from the mash and lauter wastewater can serve directly as an animal husbandry fodder after been dehydrated. Therefore, the loading to wastewater treatment plant and the cost of treatment could be reduced.     

CO(2)-H(2)-dependent anaerobic biotransformation of phthalic acid isomers in sediment slurries

This paper investigates the anaerobic biotransformation of three isomers of phthalic acid and benzoic acid in sediment slurries under four different atmospheres [N(2), N(2)/H(2) (19:1, v/v), CO(2), and CO(2)/H(2) (4:1, v/v)]. Significant differences were observed in lag periods and biotransformation rates among the phthalic acid isomers and under the different atmospheres. In most cases, the relative biotransformation rates of the three isomers of phthalic acid were ortho-phthalic acid>isophthalic acid>terephthalic acid. Benzoate was transformed faster than any isomer of phthalic acid. Since biotransformation of phthalic acid isomers in sediment slurries was enhanced by high initial levels of H(2) and CO(2) in the headspace, we propose a pathway for phthalic acid biodegradation in which the initial transformation to benzoate is CO(2)-H(2) dependent. Acetogenic bacteria were investigated for their possible involvement in this transformation reaction, but when MPN counts were used to compare the growth dynamics of acetogenic bacteria with the time course of the terephthalic acid transformation under N(2)/H(2) (19:1, v/v) and CO(2)/H(2) (4:1, v/v) atmospheres, the results were inconclusive.     

校园噪声现状分析研究——以哈尔滨工业大学(威海)为例

以哈工大(威海)为例,对校园噪声进行监测和分析,以探明当前中国大学校园噪声污染状况。结果表明,校园大部分区域的声环境处于达标水平,噪声污染主要集中在校门口、体育场和校园广场等区域,为轻度污染型,且白天比晚上的噪声污染严重,休息日的噪声明显高于工作日。校园施工产生的噪声声级较高,容易产生瞬时高分贝噪声,应采取相应的降噪、除噪措施。     

海军战术导弹武器系统可靠性试验技术分析及发展建议

为深入完善海军战术导弹可靠性试验技术,为新研型号研制定型提供借鉴参考。对近年来海军导弹武器产品的可靠性试验工作进行了总结。阐述了单机、舰面设备、全弹不同层级产品可靠性试验技术特点,指出了当前可靠性试验工作中存在的不足之处,最后为后续海军战术导弹武器系统可靠性试验技术发展提出建议。     

顺德水道土壤及沉积物中重金属分布及潜在生态风险评价

水源地周边土壤及河道沉积物的环境质量状况极大程度影响着河流饮用水安全.为调查顺德水道水源地重金属空间分布特征及其污染来源,本研究采集了顺德水道周边表层土壤及其主要支流入河口沉积物,并测定各样品中Cd、Zn、Pb、Cu、Ni、Cr等6种重金属浓度,最后基于两种潜在生态风险评价方法对其生态风险进行评价.结果发现,顺德水道表层土壤中Zn、Cr、Pb、Cu、Ni和Cd平均含量分别为186.80、65.88、54.56、32.47、22.65和0.86 mg·kg~(-1),除Cu、Ni外其它重金属均超过顺德土壤背景值;8个主要支流入河口间表层沉积物中6种重金属元素平均含量依次为:Zn(312.11 mg·kg~(-1))Cr(111.41mg·kg~(-1))Pb(97.87 mg·kg~(-1))Cu(92.32 mg·kg~(-1))Ni(29.89 mg·kg~(-1))Cd(1.72 mg·kg~(-1)),除Ni之外其余均高于顺德土壤背景值.主成分分析结果发现表层土壤中Cr、Ni含量主要受自然母质影响,Zn、Pb、Cu和Cd主要来源于该地区制造业的废水排放;沉积物中6种重金属均来源于外源输入,受顺德水道周边的工业活动影响.基于环境生物可利用态的潜在生态风险评价结果发现顺德水道周边表层土壤中Cd呈现轻微的潜在生态危害,而入河口沉积物中Cd呈现中度的潜在生态危害,土壤和沉积物中Zn、Pb、Cu和Ni的潜在生态危害程度均表现为轻微.由于基于环境生物可利用态的潜在生态风险评价充分考虑了土壤理化性质及重金属形态,其结果低于Hakanson潜在生态风险评价结果,可避免对重金属的潜在危害程度的高估.     

蚌埠地震台水氡观测干扰因素的分析研究

对2005年至2008年蚌埠1号井的水氡月均值和淮河流域的气温、降雨量资料以不同的时间尺度进行了相关计算。结果表明,水氡与气温具有很好的相关性和同步性。同时,降雨量是影响水氡观测值变化的原因之一。将水氡值与居民生活用水进行比较研究结果表明,抽水虽然对蚌埠台的水氡资料产生了一定的影响,但这种干扰并没有影响到水氡观测与资料正常使用。     

对位酯废水的光催化降解研究

研究了对位酯生产废水的初步处理方案。先将对位酯废水进行中和、冷冻除盐、加CaO沉淀、过滤等预处理（预处理后COD 40352mg／L;SO4^2-9577mg／L;NH3-N21mg／L）,再采用纳米光催化降解以及BaCl2进行处理,TiO2浓度为2g／L时处理效果较好（COD30325mg／L;SO4^2-880mg／L;NH3-N140mg／L）。废水经铁炭微电解及CaO处理后,再进行光催化降解可以达到更好的处理效果,COD降为21224mg／L。废水经微电解、Fenton氧化和光催化联用处理后,COD降为20800mg／L。     

Na型斜发沸石去除水中铁锰及其再生方法研究

为建立一种简单、有效、应用性强的地下水除铁锰方法,研究了Na型斜发沸石除铁锰及其影响因素并建立了再生方法.研究表明Na型斜发沸石对Fe(Ⅱ)和Mn(Ⅱ)均表现出较强的吸附能力,对Fe(Ⅱ)和Mn(Ⅱ)的最大饱和吸附量分别达4.00 mg/g和3.50 mg/g;且吸附速率快,吸附动力学较好地符合Lagergren一级吸附动力学模型.采用Langmuir吸附等温线能较好描述Bio-F吸附Fe(Ⅱ)(R2=0.981 4)及Mn(Ⅱ)(R2=0.989 9)的过程.该吸附剂在pH6～7范围内可保持90%以上吸附Fe(Ⅱ)和Mn(Ⅱ)的能力.Na型斜发沸石可用15%的NaCl溶液再生,10次再生实验证明其吸附容量可保持100%,研究表明该方法用于高铁锰饮用水处理具有较强的应用价值.