拉林河水环境质量现状与污染源分析研究

为了解拉林河流域的水环境质量及污染物来源,在平水期,对拉林河干流沿线进行现场勘查及断面水质监测。结果表明:拉林河上游沙河子镇断面水质呈Ⅰ类~Ⅱ类(除总氮外),中游五常市下游断面呈Ⅲ类~劣Ⅴ类,下游入松花江口断面呈Ⅲ类~Ⅳ类。拉林河黑龙江省境内沿河村镇每年排放的生活污水、垃圾、畜禽粪污、化肥、农药产生的CODcr、氨氮、总氮、总磷的贡献量分别为10万吨、1.69万吨、2.96万吨、2 881吨。     

滨海区域雨水综合利用规划研究——以青岛高新区为例

雨水综合利用规划是区域建设规划的重要组成部分,应与区域给水、排水、防洪排涝等各专业规划同步进行。结合滨海区域建设现状及规划布局,针对不同下垫面及建设进度提出"分散式"与"集中式"雨水综合利用模式,在已经大规模建设城区,采用"分散式"雨水利用模式,可对雨水有效利用。在雨水利用规划中提出规划相关指标要求,对类似滨海区域进行雨水综合利用规划有一定的借鉴意义。     

黑瞎子岛跨境合作开发与生态环境保护问题研究

黑瞎子岛回归祖国后,社会各界对如何保护和开放开发非常关注。中俄两国确定双方共同对黑瞎子岛进行综合开发的方针,且都已制定了保护与开放开发的总体规划并付诸实施。中俄双方已形成共识,即把生态保护放在最优先的地位,在保护好生态环境前提下实施开放开发,把开放开发的强度严格控制在生态环境可承载的范围之内。努力把黑瞎子岛建设成为生态良好、稳定安全、开放繁荣的对俄合作示范区。本文在深入分析黑瞎子岛跨境合作开发现状和生态环境现状基础上,探讨提出黑瞎子岛生态环境保护策略即黑瞎子岛开发利用要坚持生态优先、点状开发,工业性加工项目不上岛,将开发建设寓于生态保护之中,全面实施生态保护和环境治理,建设生态文明示范区。具体保障措施包括:一是结合现有空间布局,设立保护区和监管站;二是建立资源开发利用与生态补偿机制;第三,执行环境影响评价制度,加强环境保护综合治理;第四,重视环境保护双边合作,实施跨境一体化保护和监管。     

高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定环境水体中的苯酚的实验研究

苯酚毒性大、难降解,是严重的环境污染物,同时也是环境监测的重要指标。文章介绍了用高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定环境水体中苯酚的分析方法。实验条件,色谱柱VP-ODS（150×4.6 mm,5 um）;柱温25℃;流动相：V（甲醇）∶V（水）=46∶54,检测波长为λex/λem=215/300 nm,进样量20 uL。测定结果,苯酚的线性范围0.20～100 mg/L,r=0.999 3,检出限0.1 mg/L。表明该方法适用于对环境水体中苯酚的测定。     

自动在线监测系统利用软件数据质控有效性研究

自动在线监测设备对排放的污染物进行实时监测,获取真实有效的监测数据。研究自动在线监测设备监测数据质量保证系统是污染源自动在线监控系统科学判断和分析环境问题的前提。软件系统是数据采集、记录和存储、传输、统计分析、自我识别、形成报表和报告的集成,也是监测数据质量保证的有效手段,通过设定“阈值”和“条件”．实现了监测数的自动甄别、纠错和报警。     

HSE管理信息系统特点和发展方向

介绍了HSE管理信息系统的定义及其高效性、稳定性、标准性、安全性、整合性的特点,指出该系统与数据挖掘、系统集成和人工智能技术的结合将是未来的发展方向.     

Estimating realized and potential carbon storage benefits from reforestation and afforestation under climate change: a case study of the Qinghai spruce forests in the Qilian Mountains, northwestern China

Greenhouse gas emission has been scientifically shown to be the primary cause of observed global climate change. The reduction of greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere deserves international attention. Aside from strategies to reduce emissions, increasing carbon (C) storage by forests has become an alternative method to lower carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels. The present study assesses the potential of C storage to decrease gas emission by restoring cleared and disturbed spruce (picea) forests in the Qilian Mountains, northwestern China. We first introduced and tested a new method for live aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation. We then used the method to define the relationship of AGB with topographic wetness index (TWI) and precipitation seasonality for total AGB estimation and quantification of the realized C storage in the live AGB of existing spruce forests. The same strategies were adopted to estimate the total AGB and the related potential C storage in the projected potential spruce forest distribution. A species distribution model was used, and the results showed that the AGB of the Qinghai spruce forests ranged between 2.30 and 4.96 Mg per plot (0.021 ha), i.e., 110 Mg ha^-1 to 236 Mg ha^-1). Actual total AGB was measured at 33 Tg, and C storage was 17.3 Tg in existing spruce forests. Potential total AGB and potential C storage were greater if the cleared and the potential C storage was ~50 Tg.     

资源型城市复杂因素耦合的系统动力学分析

针对煤炭型资源城市转型及其如何可持续发展问题,建立了资源型城市系统动力学模型,该模型主要由人口、经济、资源以及环境4部分耦合组成,通过调整煤炭回采率等9个控制变量,进而预测了城市的4种发展情景;最后,以抚顺市为例,验证了模型的真实性。研究表明,资源型城市是人口、经济、资源和环境等因素耦合的复杂系统;该资源型城市系统动力学模型的平均相对误差在8%以内;综合分析各种发展情景,情景Ⅳ在人口、经济、资源和环境方面均具有较好的综合表现;预计到2015年该情景下,抚顺市人口总量、工业和服务业增加值、耕地面积、原煤资源总量、废气污染量分别将达到219.536万人、1103.310亿元、788.813亿元、89 579 hm²、1926亿t以及8.321×102、1926亿t以及8.321×10⁷万Nm7万Nm³。     

High-throughput metagenomic analysis of petroleum-contaminated soil microbiome reveals the versatility in xenobiotic aromatics metabolism

The soil with petroleum contamination is one of the most studied soil ecosystems due to its rich microorganisms for hydrocarbon degradation and broad applications in bioremediation.However, our understanding of the genomic properties and functional traits of the soil microbiome is limited. In this study, we used high-throughput metagenomic sequencing to comprehensively study the microbial community from petroleum-contaminated soils near Tianjin Dagang oilfield in eastern China. The analysis reveals that the soil metagenome is characterized by high level of community diversity and metabolic versatility. The metageome community is predominated by γ-Proteobacteria and α-Proteobacteria, which are key players for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation. The functional study demonstrates over-represented enzyme groups and pathways involved in degradation of a broad set of xenobiotic aromatic compounds, including toluene, xylene, chlorobenzoate, aminobenzoate, DDT, methylnaphthalene, and bisphenol. A composite metabolic network is proposed for the identified pathways, thus consolidating our identification of the pathways. The overall data demonstrated the great potential of the studied soil microbiome in the xenobiotic aromatics degradation. The results not only establish a rich reservoir for novel enzyme discovery but also provide putative applications in bioremediation.     

负载铁生物炭对雄黄矿尾渣砷的钝化效果

湖南石门雄黄矿矿区内大量As含量极高的尾渣,严重威胁着当地环境安全与居民生命健康.为推动实现对雄黄矿高As尾渣的稳定化处理,系统分析了FeBC（负载铁生物炭）对雄黄矿尾渣中As的钝化效果,并对FeBC钝化As的发生机制进行探讨.结果表明:水平振荡试验和合成沉降浸出试验（synthetic precipitation leaching procedure,SPLP）中尾渣As的浸出浓度分别为103.7和173.5 mg/L;FeBC的加入[矿渣与FeBC的比例（w/w）为4:1]使尾渣中As的浸出浓度降低72.2%~79.2%.在以模拟酸雨为淋溶液的柱试验中,FeBC处理使淋出液中ρ（As）下降79.1%~99.3%,As淋失总量减少92.8%,但酸雨淋溶量的持续增加使出水中ρ（As）随pH的降低而缓慢上升.FTIR（傅里叶红外光谱）分析发现,FeBC表面负载的Fe原子通过羟基与砷酸根之间的配位基交换作用吸附As是FeBC高效钝化尾渣中As的关键机制;同时,生物炭载体表面含氧官能团还可能通过氢键与As氧合阴离子或分子发生了吸附反应.研究显示,FeBC在钝化雄黄矿尾渣中高含量As方面具有突出优势,可用于快速降低矿渣中As的浸出毒性;但在长期酸雨淋溶条件下,可能需要设置酸度缓冲层以充分保障FeBC钝化As作用的稳定性和持久性.