环境监测站做好实验室能力验证工作的思考

介绍了完成CNAL能力验证工作的一般操作程序,从样品接收到最后上报分析结果,有一份全过程的作业指导书,指出了完成能力验证时样品分析应注意的问题.     

用微孔填充理论研究活性炭对有机气体的吸附性能

用微孔填充理论研究了活性炭C40／4对丙酮、甲苯、二氯甲烷有机气体的吸附性能,测试了该活性炭对3种有机气体在不同温度下（288．15,293．15,298．15K）的吸附结果。用D—R方程处理了实验数据,建立了3种有机气体在活性炭C40／4上的等温吸附模型,并将实验测试值与理论预测值进行了比较。实验结果表明：微孔填充理论及D—R方程可很好地描述活性炭C40／4对有机气体的吸附性能,理论预测值与实验测试值的平均相对误差小于3％;有机气体分压较高时,由于发生毛细凝聚,理论预测值较实验测试值偏低。     

混凝—催化氧化法处理丁苯橡胶生产废水

以聚合氯化铝（PAC）、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）为混凝剂,以H2O2-O3为氧化剂,采用混凝-催化氧化法处理对丁苯橡胶生产废水。考察了混凝剂种类及其加入量、废水pH对混凝处理效果的影响,氧化剂及其加入量、反应时间和废水pH对COD去除率的影响。实验得出的最佳工艺条件：混凝实验,废水pH为7、PAC和PAM加入量为400mg／L和4mg／L;催化氧化实验,废水pH为7～8、H2O2加入量为200mg／L、H2O2与O3的质量比为0．5。处理后,废水COD从860mg／L降至145mg／L,COD去除率达83．1％,出水水质达到国家二级排放标准。     

深度氧化技术处理有机废水的研究进展

利用深度氧化技术处理有机废水是目前国内外废水处理的新技术,在美国和欧洲等发达国家,该技术已应用于各种废水和饮用水处理过程。针对我国石油、石化企业在外排废水中所含有毒有害有机物质大多难以降解的特点,经过调研,详细介绍了深度氧化技术处理有机废水的研究进展,并着重探讨了在光催化氧化技术、超声降解技术、超临界水氧化技术、湿式氧化技术等方面所做的工作及深度氧化过程除去水中有机污染物的原理。     

基于GIS的区域干旱灾害风险区划研究——以武陵山片区为例

根据灾害系统理论,以连片特困区-武陵山片区干旱灾害为例,分别从孕灾环境敏感性、致灾因子的危险性和承载体的脆弱性3个方面,选取地形地貌、土壤类型、植被覆盖类型、水资源、降雨量、人口密度及耕地面积等指标为旱灾风险评估指标因子,利用熵权法确定各因子权重,建立武陵山片区干旱灾害风险评估模型,并进行风险区划,为武陵山片区区域防灾、减灾和区域扶贫措施的制定提供参考依据。研究结果表明:武陵山片区区域整体处于中、高风险区,空间分布呈东南-西北向条带状分布;东南区域处在干旱灾害高风险区,西北区域处在干旱灾害中等风险区,而东北区域处在相对较低的风险区。     

Analysis and Modeling on the Spatial Structure of Urban Land Use: A Case of Jinan, China

Based on the data of urban land use obtained by remote sensing interpretation from aero images in 1986 and 2004, the spatial structure of Jinan is studied in this paper with the method of Geographic Information System (GIS). According to the proportion of land for residence, industry and commerce, the urban district can be distinguished into three rings. Compared with the traditional theory of the ring structure in Western coun- tries, they have many distinctive characteristics. The main func- tions of the inner ring include residence, business and banking, but the proportion of residential land (more than 50%) is considerably higher than that of the cities in Western countries. The land proportion for residence and industry in the intermediate ring is equal on the whole. The main land of the outside ring is for industrial use. From 1986 to 2004, great changes have taken place on the land proportion of different types of use. In the inner ring, the land for residential and industrial use has shrunk much while the land for commercial use has increased. In the intermediate ring, the changes of the three types of land use were not very much and the temporal variation was relatively stable. On the contrary, the structure in the outside ring varies acutely. Though most of it is also for industrial use, the proportion of residential land has in- creased much. The three rings can also be divided into several sectors respectively, according to the function of land use clusters. New trends and mechanisms of the changes of land use impacting the urban structure were proposed in the end of the paper.     

刁江沿岸土壤重金属污染特征研究

受上游矿山开发的影响，刁江沿岸存在明显的As、Pb、Zn、Cd复合污染带，其污染区与洪水淹没区呈现高度的一致性；水田的犁底层对重金属具有明显的隔断作用，而旱地的淀积层中的重金属质量分数依然很高；上游地带土壤污染呈显性状态，土壤中尾砂沉积现象十分明显，而下游地带的土壤污染呈隐性状态，土壤中尾砂沉积现象不明显；蜈蚣蕨可以作为刁江沿岸土壤污染区的指示植物；土壤中Zn与Cd质量分数存在显著相关关系，表层土壤As与Pb质量分数呈现较好的相关性，而土壤垂直剖面中As与Pb质量分数除个别剖面外，相关关系不显著。     

Potassium carbonate-based ternary transition temperature mixture (deep eutectic analogues) for CO2 absorption: Characterizations and DFT analysis

•Addition of hindered amine increased thermal stability and viscosity of TTTM. •Addition of hindered amine improved the CO₂ absorption performance of TTTM. •Good the CO₂ absorption of recycled solvents after two regenerations. •Important role of amine group in CO₂ absorption of TTTM confirmed by DFT analysis. Is it possible to improve CO₂ solubility in potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃)-based transition temperature mixtures (TTMs)? To assess this possibility, a ternary transition-temperature mixture (TTTM) was prepared by using a hindered amine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to detect the functional groups including hydroxyl, amine, carbonate ion, and aliphatic functional groups in the prepared solvents. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found that the addition of AMPD to the binary mixture can increase the thermal stability of TTTM. The viscosity findings showed that TTTM has a higher viscosity than TTM while their difference was decreased by increasing temperature. In addition, Eyring’s absolute rate theory was used to compute the activation parameters (ΔG*, ΔH*, and ΔS*). The CO₂ solubility in liquids was measured at a temperature of 303.15 K and pressures up to 1.8 MPa. The results disclosed that the CO₂ solubility of TTTM was improved by the addition of AMPD. At the pressure of about 1.8 MPa, the CO₂ mole fractions of TTM and TTTM were 0.1697 and 0.2022, respectively. To confirm the experimental data, density functional theory (DFT) was employed. From the DFT analysis, it was found that the TTTM+ CO₂ system has higher interaction energy (|ΔE |) than the TTM+ CO₂ system indicating the higher CO₂ affinity of the former system. This study might help scientists to better understand and to improve CO₂ solubility in these types of solvents by choosing a suitable amine as HBD and finding the best combination of HBA and HBD.     

广西内河及沿海船舶大气污染物排放清单及特征研究

基于广西船舶数量及类型、船舶引擎功率等数据,以广西壮族自治区为例,通过船舶引擎功率法建立广西2020年内河及沿海船舶排放清单,探究广西内河及沿海船舶主要大气污染排放量时空分布,并通过大气扩散模型模拟了船舶大气污染物排放对广西沿海港区大气环境的影响。结果表明：内河船舶中干货船排放占比为35.6%,四等船排放占比为26.07%;沿海船舶中拖船排放占比为44.16%~49.33%,主机、辅机、锅炉排放占比分别为52.39%、21.43%、26.18%;不同工况下,沿海船舶停泊工况SO₂排放占比最高,其余污染物在慢速行驶工况下排放占比最高。2020年广西北部湾海域船舶SO₂、NO_x、HC、CO₂的平均排放强度分别为0.32、2.14、0.07、121.93 t/km²。

     

Adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole from aqueous solution by organo-bentonite

The adsorption behavior of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite was investigated.Natural bentonite from Gaozhou in Guangdong Province,China was collected.Organo-bentonite was prepared by intercalation of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide into the natural bentonite.The physicochemical properties of the prepared organo-bentonite were characterized by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that montmorillonite is the main component of the natural bentonite.The basal spacing of the natural bentonite is 1.47 nm,which increased to 1.98 nm on intercalation with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.Moreover,both the surface area and pore volume increased with intercalation.Clear CH2 stretching(3000-2800 cm-1) and scissoring(1480-1450 cm-1) modes of the intercalated surfactants were observed for organobentonite.Compared with the pseudo first-order kinetic model,the pseudo second-order kinetic model is more suitable to describe the adsorption kinetics of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite.The adsorption capacity of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite increased with increasing initial concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole,but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage.The adsorption isotherm of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite fits well with the Langmuir model.The maximum adsorption capacity of organo-bentonite for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole was 33.61 mg/g,indicating that organo-bentonite is a promising adsorbent for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.