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971.
电解锰渣的综合利用进展与研究展望 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
电解锰渣是电解金属锰时产生的酸性滤渣,含有大量有害物质。随着电解锰行业的快速发展,大量堆放填埋的电解锰渣引发了严重的水土、生态环境污染问题,对锰渣的无害化处理与资源化利用已成为电解锰行业和环保领域的研究热点。在电解锰渣特性的分析基础上,对国内外电解锰渣的综合利用进展(如锰离子回收、肥料制作和建筑材料应用)进行了回顾,分析了锰渣各种资源化利用方法的优缺点。最后,展望了电解锰渣的研究与应用前景,旨在为锰矿资源的可持续性开发与电解锰渣的综合回收利用提供参考。 相似文献
972.
为了研究灭活厌氧污泥和活性厌氧污泥对问二氯苯(m-DCB)的吸附,考察了吸附平衡时间、吸附动力学、吸附等温线、吸附热力学、污泥投加量和pH对吸附m-DCB的影响。结果表明,2种污泥对m-DCB的吸附在1h内达到平衡。应用伪一级、伪二级反应动力学对实验数据进行验证,表明厌氧污泥吸附m-DCB更符合伪二级反应动力学模型。2种污泥对m-DCB的吸附都可以用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型拟合,但Langrnuir吸附模型的拟合结果要好于Freundlich模型,且活性厌氧污泥的吸附性能显著高于灭活厌氧污泥。从吸附热力学上看,该吸附为放热反应,低温有利于吸附反应的进行。pH值对2种污泥吸附m-DCB的影响很小。 相似文献
973.
974.
山羊粪污颗粒静态好氧堆肥过程的生物强化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对山羊粪便颗粒进行了理化表征,发现其外表致密内芯多孔的结构特点,且其总体C/N比为25.69~27.88,适合直接堆肥,提出采用生物接种破坏表层,强化堆肥进程的思路。研究结果表明,生物接种可以大大强化堆肥过程中的生化反应进程,缩短堆肥发酵周期。产物中N、P含量随着生物接种量的增加而增大。当以VT-1000菌剂按10 mL/kg干物质接种时,堆体温度在2 d内就达到50℃,在高温期50~60℃维持7 d以上,其堆肥腐熟后物料TN、TP分别增加0.70%和1.59%,其C/N<15,更趋于稳定化,且最终产物中粪大肠菌群数<3个/g,未检验出蛔虫卵,实现了无害化处理。 相似文献
975.
选取芦山地震涉及的21个县(市、区)为研究对象,应用野外实地踏勘和遥感解译相结合的方法,结合当地国土、水利、建设等部门提供的相关统计资料,已查明芦山地震灾区782处次生山地灾害(滑坡、崩塌和泥石流),获取了这些次生山地灾害的基础信息。在GIS信息技术的支持下,对芦山地震灾区次生山地灾害的发育环境背景、分布特征和成因进行了初步的探讨分析。研究表明:芦山地震灾区次生山地灾害主要集中分布在烈度为Ⅷ Ⅸ区、中低山区、坡度0°~40°、坡向为东西两向、第三系砂砾夹泥岩区、河流冲刷强烈和年降雨量>1 200 mm的区域;发育成因主要是地形条件对次生山地灾害的形成的影响表现出与非地震条件下的新特征;地震效应重构了地表形态,为次生山地灾害发育提供了大量的松散固体物质;降水与河流冲刷作用的改变,影响边坡稳定性,为次生山地灾害提供动力;人类过度的社会经济活动加速了次生山地灾害的形成 相似文献
976.
Food utilization and growth of the 5th and 6th instar Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae, and its effect on reproduction potential was evaluated by feeding larvae diets with different doses of Ni for 3 generations. Dose-dependent relationships between Ni levels and food consumption and growth were variable with different larval developmental period and Ni exposure duration. RCR, AD and RGR of the 6th instar larvae were much more affected by Ni exposure than those of 5th instar larvae, and the effects were strongest in the 3rd generation. It was found that RCR was significantly stimulated after 1 and 20 mg kg−1 Ni exposure, while AD was significantly inhibited after 1, 5, 10 and 40 mg kg−1 Ni exposure. However, lower levels of Ni (?5 mg kg−1) significantly increased and higher levels of Ni (?10 mg kg−1) significantly decreased RGR. In 3 successive generations, 10 mg kg−1 Ni significantly increased the ECI and ECD of the 5th instar larvae, and 5 mg kg−1 Ni significantly increased the ECD of the 6th instar larvae. However, ECD were all significantly inhibited with 20 mg kg−1 Ni exposure. Results also revealed that durations of larvae were shortened at low levels of Ni, but extended at high levels of Ni. Fecundity was inhibited by the highest Ni doses in each generation, while improved by low Ni doses in the 3rd generation. Hatching rates in all treatments were significantly decreased in a Ni dose-dependent manner. Study indicated that effects of Ni on these parameters were predominant with the increasing Ni exposure period. 相似文献
977.
Cadmium, lead, zinc, Chromium, copper, nickel and manganese in sediments and in aquatic organisms were collected from the aquaculture pond ecosystem of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China and analyzed to evaluate bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in food chains, as well as the potential health risk of exposure to the Hong Kong residents via dietary intake of these aquatic products. The results revealed that based on the biota–sediment accumulation factor, omnivorous fish and zooplankton accumulated more trace metals from sediment than carnivorous fish. Concentrations of seven trace metals in aquaculture pond of PRD significantly decreased with increasing trophic levels, showing that these trace metals were trophically diluted in predatory and omnivorous food chains. The hazard index values of all fish species were smaller than 1 for adults and children, indicating there was no health risk from the multiple metals via ingestion of the freshwater fish for the inhabitants. 相似文献
978.
979.
China's national government and Beijing city authorities have adopted additional control measures to reduce the negative impact of vehicle emissions on Beijing's air quality. An evaluation of the effectiveness of these measures may provide guidance for future vehicle emission control strategy development. In-use emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) were investigated at five sites in Beijing with remote sensing instrumentation. Distance-based mass emission factors were derived with fuel consumption modeled on real world data. The results show that the recently implemented aggressive control strategies are significantly reducing the emissions of on-road vehicles. Older vehicles are contributing substantially to the total fleet emissions. An earlier program to retrofit pre-Euro cars with three-way catalysts produced little emission reduction. The impact of model year and driving conditions on the average mass emission factors indicates that the durability of vehicles emission controls may be inadequate in Beijing. 相似文献
980.