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71.
Russian Journal of Ecology - Trewia nudiflora Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) is a soft wooded, fast growing multipurpose dioecious tree which grows within the moist semi-evergreen tropical forests of... 相似文献
72.
Gopal Shukla Ashok Kumar Nazir A. Pala Sumit Chakravarty 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2016,18(4):1167-1176
This study was an attempt to document the indigenous Lepcha people’s perception on climate change-related issues in five villages of Dzongu Valley located in Kanchandzonga Biosphere Reserve, India. Personal structured questionnaire was used for interview of 300 households selected randomly. Results showed that 85 % of the households have perceived climate change, mainly in the form of increasing temperature and unpredictable pattern of rainfall. In terms of climate change-related events, 75 % of the households believed that wind is becoming warmer and stronger over the past years. Majority of the households have observed changes in crop phenology, while about 90 % agreed that the incidences of insect pest and diseases have increased over the years, especially in their large cardamom crop. A comparison of community perceptions, climatic observations and scientific literature shows that the community have correctly perceived temperature change, unpredictable occurrence of rainfall and increased incidence of insect pest and diseases, which have largely influenced the experiences and perceptions regarding climate-related events. Results reveal that households have adopted the use of locally available material as mulches against soil erosion, to conserve the soil moisture and manage soil temperature. Majority of the households have diversified their cropping system through traditional agroforestry systems and intercropping. Unfortunately, most of the households were unaware about the scientific sustainable approaches to combating impact of climate change. This documentation will aid in assessing the needs in terms of actions and information for facilitating climate change-related adaptation locally in Sikkim state of India. 相似文献
73.
Rai UN Dwivedi S Baghel VS Tripathi RD Shukla OP Shukla MK 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2007,28(2):181-184
The green alga Botryococcus protuberans was isolated from its natural environment and its morphology under different cultural conditions was examined. The alga was characterized by a high starch content and reddish oil drops as the assimilatory products. Photosynthetic pigments, Chl a, Chl b, carotenoids and xanthophylls are present. Modification of environmental conditions in modified Chu-10 medium resulted in optimum growth of the alga. Fatty acid composition revealed palmitic acid being the major component, while lauric acid, myristic acid and stearic acid were found in less quantity. 相似文献
74.
Burger J Greenberg M Gochfeld M Shukla S Lowrie K Keren R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):413-425
Considerable research indicates that a wide range of socio-economic factors influence attitudes and perceptions about environmental
hazards and risks, and that social trust in those who manage a hazard is strongly correlated to judgements about risks and
benefits. We suggest that there are three steps that lead to environmental risk perceptions: acquisition of information, interpretation
and synthesis of different pieces of information, and understanding of that information in light of previous knowledge, perceptions,
or attitudes. In this study we presented 211 college students in the sciences and non-sciences with ecological and exposure
information using text, tables and maps to examine the factors that affect information acquisition and interpretation concerning
ecological issues at a fictitious hazardous waste site. Students were allowed about an hour to read the materials and answer
questions. The percent of students answering each question correctly varied from 4 to 82%, indicating that some questions
were extremely difficult to answer. We attributed these differences to variations in the number of places information was
presented (in text, tables, maps, or a combination) and the complexity of the information (how many pieces of information
were required to answer the question correctly). The correlation between the number of students answering each question correctly
and these combined measures (frequency, complexity) was −0.72. Thus, although there were differences in accuracy concerning
ecological information as presented in this study, the major differences were accounted for by how the information was presented,
and how much information was required. This suggests that risk communicators should carefully determine which ecological information
is critical for the target audience, and ensure that it is presented several times (in different forms). That a lower percentage
of people correctly answered questions that required synthesizing several pieces of information suggests that this complexity
should be reduced where possible, or that the pieces of information should be tied clearly to the conclusion. Self-declaration
of effort and perceptions of safety of the site did not markedly influence the relationship between accuracy, difficulty of
finding information, and complexity of information. Other possible confounding variables (i.e., science vs non-science major)
only accounted for about 27% of the variation in student’s overall score on ecological questions; age, ethnicity, and gender
did not enter as significant variables. We cannot manage environmental hazards with appropriate stakeholder input unless we
understand how to present environmental information to achieve a full understanding. Protection of human health and the environment
requires that people understand ecological and exposure information, particularly on buffer lands. 相似文献
75.
The present study was designed with an aim to observe the effect of increasing urbanization and traffic activity on the physiology of a foliose lichen, Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Essl., collected from 13 different localities, growing in their natural habitat, in Pauri and Srinagar, two cities in the Himalayas. Six parameters i.e., Chl. a, Chl. b, total pigment, chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid and total protein content, proved the most useful to assess air pollution, were measured. Chlorophyll content and protein content are an efficient parameter to measure the air quality of a region. The study indicates that P. hispidula is pollution tolerant (adaptation) and able to withstand local emissions from vehicle exhausts. 相似文献
76.
Studies were conducted on the spatial distribution of different stages of the mango stone weevil, Sternochetus mangiferae (Fabr.) at Hessaraghatta farm of the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, during 1983. The values of various parameters of distribution showed that the eggs are distributed as a negative binomial (contagious) distribution, whereas larvae and adults follow a positive binomial (random) distribution. It is suggested that the change in distribution may be due to the lower population densities in larval and adult stages. 相似文献
77.
78.
Garg Amit Shukla P.R. Ghosh Debyani Kapshe Manmohan Rajesh Nair 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2003,8(1):71-92
This paper estimates the future greenhousegas (GHG) and local pollutant emissions forIndia under various scenarios. Thereference scenario assumes continuation ofthe current official policies of the Indiangovernment and forecasts of macro-economic,demographic and energy sector indicators.Other scenarios analyzed are the economicgrowth scenarios (high and low), carbonmitigation scenario, sulfur mitigationscenario and frozen (development) scenario.The main insight is that GHG and localpollutant emissions from India, althoughconnected, do not move in synchronizationin future and have a disjoint under variousscenarios. GHG emissions continue to risewhile local pollutant emissions decreaseafter some years. GHG emission mitigationtherefore would have to be pursued for itsown sake in India. National energy securityconcerns also favor this conclusion sincecoal is the abundant national resource whilemost of the natural gas has to be imported.The analysis of contributing factors tothis disjoint indicates that sulfurreduction in petroleum oil products andpenetration of flue gas desulfurisationtechnologies are the two main contributorsfor sulfur dioxide (SO2) mitigation.The reduction in particulate emissions ismainly due to enforcing electro-staticprecipitator efficiency norms in industrialunits, with cleaner fuels and vehicles alsocontributing substantially. These policytrends are already visible in India.Another insight is that high economicgrowth is better than lower growth tomitigate local pollution as lack ofinvestible resources limits investments incleaner environmental measures. Ouranalysis also validates the environmentalKuznets' curve for India as SO2emissions peak around per capita GDP ofUS$ 5,300–5,400 (PPP basis) under variouseconomic growth scenarios. 相似文献
79.
Gopal K Srivastava SB Shukla S Bersillon JL 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2004,25(4):469-475
Various options are applicable for the removal of water pollutants included reverse osmosis, ion exchange, coagulation, co-precipitation, catalytic reduction, herbal filtration, electrodialysis and adsorption. This paper deals with the sorption phenomena for the removal of pollutants from drinking water. Attempts have been made to use low cost sorbents developed by pretreatment/activation/impregnation with alkalis, acids, iron oxide, manganese dioxide, ferric chloride, alum, lime, aluminum salts with natural products/indigenous minerals viz. activated alumina, activated carbon, groundnut husk, saw dust, chemically coated sand, fly ash, zeolites, clay minerals and other plant products. Application of Freundich and Langmuir isotherms were used to assess the adsorption capacity. Equilibrium isotherms were determined at optimum temperature and pH to characterize the sorption process. Statistical parameters such as mass transfer coefficients, multiple regression analysis were applied to establish the mechanism. It is suggested that the characterization of suitable, and exhausted sorbent through the application of fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is essential to establish its surface bonding. Scope for safety evaluation and risk assessment to human and biosphere may provide the guideline and predication to the regulatory agencies for its sustainable use and safe disposal The ecotoxicological assessment of the leachates and low cost removal technology are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
80.
Burger J Campbell KR Campbell TS Shukla T Dixon C Gochfeld M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,110(1-3):171-184
We compared the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium in a small species of fish (Central
stonerollers, Campostoma anomalum) collected from East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) and a reference site in eastern Tennessee. Stonerollers are minnows in the
Cyprinidae family that serve as prey for many carnivores in aquatic systems. Fish were collected from East Fork Poplar Creek
within the U.S. Department of Energy's Y-12 National Security Complex, part of the Oak Ridge Reservation, and from a reference
stretch of the Little River in East Tennessee. Whole fish were homogenized for analysis. Concentrations of all metals (except
arsenic) were significantly higher in stonerollers from EFPC compared to the reference site. Mercury levels in minnows from
EFPC averaged 0.4 ppm (μg/g), four times higher than the average for fish in the U.S. in general. This was higher than levels
in fish from the nearby Clinch River and higher than fillets of white bass (Morone chrysops) from the same creek. Most metal levels were inversely related to size and weight of the stonerollers, perhaps due to growth
dilution. 相似文献