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181.
Several studies emphasize the importance of soil organic matter characteristics in hydrophobic contaminant sorption and outline the strong dependence of sorption on organic matter aromaticity. In this study, the role of organic matter aromaticity in phenanthrene sorption was investigated using humic acids (HAs) from compost, peat, and soil that were structurally modified by bleaching, hydrolysis, oximation, and subcritical water extraction. The HAs were characterized with cross polarization magic angle spinning carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS 13C NMR) spectroscopy and used in batch equilibrations with phenanthrene. Bleaching substantially reduced the aromaticity of the samples whereas the other treatments increased the relative aromaticity. Phenanthrene sorption increased, even though there was a substantial reduction in sorbent aromaticity with some samples. The HAs that exhibited comparable CPMAS 13C NMR spectra and aromaticity did not behave similarly with respect to phenanthrene sorption. When the sorption data (K(oc) values) were correlated to sample aromaticity, the correlation coefficients (r2) did not exceed 0.39. Comparisons with the atomic H to C ratio provided slightly better r2 values (up to 0.54). This study demonstrates that macroscopic sorbent characteristics could not explain the observed phenanthrene sorption coefficients, aliphatic structural components of HAs can contribute appreciably to phenanthrene sorption, and organic matter physical conformation may regulate access to organic matter structures. Therefore, the use of only macroscopic sorbent properties, such as aromaticity, to predict and rationalize sorption values cannot solely be used to explain the behavior of organic contaminants in soil environments. 相似文献
182.
Oxidation of acid-volatile sulfide in surface sediments increases the release and toxicity of copper to the benthic amphipod Melita plumulosa 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Acid-volatile sulfides (AVS) are an important metal-binding phase in sediments. For sediments that contain an excess of AVS over simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) concentrations, acute or chronic effects should not result from the metals Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. While AVS phases may exist in surface sediments, the exposure to dissolved oxygen may oxidize the AVS and release metals to more bioavailable forms. We investigated the role of oxidation of AVS, and specifically copper sulfide phases, in surface sediments, in the toxicity to juveniles of the epibenthic amphipod, Melita plumulosa. Sediments containing known amounts of copper sulfide were prepared either in situ by reacting dissolved copper with AVS that had formed in field sediments or created in sediments within the laboratory, or by addition of synthesised CuS to sediments. Regardless of the form of the copper sulfide, considerable oxidation of AVS occurred during the 10-d tests. Sediments that had a molar excess of AVS compared to SEM at the start of the tests, did not always have an excess at the end of the tests. Consistent with the AVS-SEM model, no toxicity was observed for sediments with an excess of AVS throughout the tests. However, the study highlights the need to carefully consider the changes in AVS concentrations during tests, and that measurements of AVS and SEM concentrations should carefully target the materials to which the organisms are being exposed throughout tests, which in the case of juvenile M. plumulosa is the top few mm of the sediments. 相似文献
183.
Vagisha Pruthi Nimrah Abbasi Varsha Thakur Shiri Shinar Anne O’Connor Rachel Silver Tasha Simpson Tim Van Mieghem 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(7):881-888