油桐尺蠖病毒杀虫剂的药效分析

油桐尺蠖核型多角体病毒（BsSNPV）是一种高致病力的病毒株,生物测定nPIB（LC50）=1．657×104mL．经过全国7个省20多个单位联合试验,生物统计结果表明：BsSNPV防治第1代油桐尺蠖虫口下降率为97．2％;防治第2代油桐尺蠖虫口下降宰为93．97％;F测验其t值为0．184,小于理论t0．05（29）＝2．045．优于敌百虫、DDVP、辛硫磷和BT等农药是一种杀虫效果稳定、使用安全、经济有效的生物杀虫剂．     

Changes in contaminant mass discharge from DNAPL source mass depletion: evaluation at two field sites

Changes in contaminant fluxes resulting from aggressive remediation of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zone were investigated at two sites, one at Hill Air Force Base (AFB), Utah, and the other at Ft. Lewis Military Reservation, Washington. Passive Flux Meters (PFM) and a variation of the Integral Pumping Test (IPT) were used to measure fluxes in ten wells installed along a transect down-gradient of the trichloroethylene (TCE) source zone, and perpendicular to the mean groundwater flow direction. At both sites, groundwater and contaminant fluxes were measured before and after the source-zone treatment. The measured contaminant fluxes (J; ML(-2)T(-1)) were integrated across the well transect to estimate contaminant mass discharge (M(D); MT(-1)) from the source zone. Estimated M(D) before source treatment, based on both PFM and IPT methods, were approximately 76 g/day for TCE at the Hill AFB site; and approximately 640 g/day for TCE, and approximately 206 g/day for cis-dichloroethylene (DCE) at the Ft. Lewis site. TCE flux measurements made 1 year after source treatment at the Hill AFB site decreased to approximately 5 g/day. On the other hand, increased fluxes of DCE, a degradation byproduct of TCE, in tests subsequent to remediation at the Hill AFB site suggest enhanced microbial degradation after surfactant flooding. At the Ft. Lewis site, TCE mass discharge rates subsequent to remediation decreased to approximately 3 g/day for TCE and approximately 3 g/day for DCE approximately 1.8 years after remediation. At both field sites, PFM and IPT approaches provided comparable results for contaminant mass discharge rates, and show significant reductions (>90%) in TCE mass discharge as a result of DNAPL mass depletion from the source zone.     

参保企业转移脆弱性的评估方法研究——以长沙地区为例

保险担当着不可或缺的风险转移、风险担保和风险控制的重要职责,保险公司亦成为政府推动灾害综合风险管理发展的得力助手,但保险公司在进行风险管理的同时,自身也面临着高风险。为了给保险公司在承保业务时提供科学的风险防范指导,促进保险业的健康发展,基于Hoovering改进模型,利用广义回归神经网络对企业通过投保行为转移给保险公司的脆弱性进行了研究和评估。选择湖南省长沙市为研究区,利用湖南省人民保险公司的业务数据库,对该地区水灾转移脆弱性的分布状况进行了重点研究。并且,利用构建的网络模型,对保险公司的承保决策进行风险防范的应用指导。研究结果表明,长沙市雨花区的投保企业给公司带来的水灾脆弱性整体水平最高,其次是芙蓉区。     

基于交叉谱分析的气象干旱与农业干旱滞后响应研究

为解决干旱问题、实现区域的早期干旱预测,该文对山东省区域应用交叉谱方法分析气象干旱与农业干旱之间的联系.首先,选取1982-2014年的NDVI和降水量日数据进行5 d平均,采用Savitzky-Golay滤波对NDVI时间序列重建;其次,根据山东省降水量的时空特征,将1 a划分湿润期和干旱期两个阶段;最后,采用NDV...     

青南地区城镇污水处理厂综合效率评估分析

青南地区地处青藏高原腹地,是我国多条大江大河发源地,该地区污水处理对下游江河水环境质量改善具有重要意义.对青南地区(玉树、果洛和黄南)污水处理厂的综合效率进行定量评估分析并指出制约其效率提升的因素,对推动该地区污水处理产业的后续发展具有重要意义.因此,本文以青南地区11座城镇污水处理厂为研究对象,利用层次分析法和模糊综...     

催化铁内电解法预处理对后续生物过程的影响

本文研究了催化铁内电解预处理对后续生物反应器中活性污泥以及微生物的影响。经催化铁内电解处理后的污水带有大量的Fe^2＋和Fe^3＋进入生物处理阶段,EPS中蛋白质与多糖的比值提高,活性污泥的沉降性能也得以改善,沉降速度比对照组提高4．2倍;Fe^3＋使微生物物种多样性增加,与EPS的结合形式,改善了菌体之间的连接,增强了污泥对污染物的吸附和絮凝,EPS中吸咐污染物比对照组多约12．5mgTOC／gVSS。     

Spatial,socio‐economic,and ecological implications of incorporating minimum size constraints in marine protected area network design

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are the cornerstone of most marine conservation strategies, but the effectiveness of each one partly depends on its size and distance to other MPAs in a network. Despite this, current recommendations on ideal MPA size and spacing vary widely, and data are lacking on how these constraints might influence the overall spatial characteristics, socio‐economic impacts, and connectivity of the resultant MPA networks. To address this problem, we tested the impact of applying different MPA size constraints in English waters. We used the Marxan spatial prioritization software to identify a network of MPAs that met conservation feature targets, whilst minimizing impacts on fisheries; modified the Marxan outputs with the MinPatch software to ensure each MPA met a minimum size; and used existing data on the dispersal distances of a range of species found in English waters to investigate the likely impacts of such spatial constraints on the region's biodiversity. Increasing MPA size had little effect on total network area or the location of priority areas, but as MPA size increased, fishing opportunity cost to stakeholders increased. In addition, as MPA size increased, the number of closely connected sets of MPAs in networks and the average distance between neighboring MPAs decreased, which consequently increased the proportion of the planning region that was isolated from all MPAs. These results suggest networks containing large MPAs would be more viable for the majority of the region's species that have small dispersal distances, but dispersal between MPA sets and spill‐over of individuals into unprotected areas would be reduced. These findings highlight the importance of testing the impact of applying different MPA size constraints because there are clear trade‐offs that result from the interaction of size, number, and distribution of MPAs in a network.     

Characterization of storm wave asymmetries with functional data analysis

Functional data analysis (FDA) is a set of tools developed to perform statistical analysis on data having a functional form. In our case we consider the one-dimensional wave surface profiles registered during a North-Sea storm as functional data. The data is split into 20 min intervals within which an individual wave is defined as the profile between two consecutive downcrossings. After registration of these individual waves to the interval [0, 1], the mean wave profile for the entire 20 min interval is obtained along with the first two derivatives of this mean profile. We analyze the shape of these mean waves and their derivatives and show how they change as a function of the significant wave height, which is a measure of the severity of the sea for the corresponding time interval. We also look at the evolution of the energy, as represented by the phase diagram, as a function of significant wave height. The results show the asymmetry in vertical and horizontal scales for real data. Comparison with a Gaussian wave simulation model calculated from the actual wave spectra shows important differences in symmetry and shape of the average wave and seem to indicate that the greatest difference in the distribution of energy during the wave cycle lies in the second and fourth quarters of the wave period. FDA can be applied to derive information on the individual and average wave profiles and also provide an understanding of the variation in energy throughout the wave phase.