模糊物元模型在湿地水体污染评价中的应用

物元分析是用来处理在某些条件下用通常的方法无法解释的不相容问题的一种分析方法。文章以扎龙湿地水体中重金属污染评估为例,针对8个监测断面的5种重金属指标(锰、锌、铜、铬、砷)污染现状,用熵权法来确定指标的权重,构建模糊物元模型,用以实现水质的等级评价和监测样点排序,结果表明:扎龙湿地不同监测位点污染程度从重到轻递减顺序如下:东升水库>林甸排污口>核心区仙鹤湖>翁海排干>克钦湖>龙湖>特勒桥>龙安桥。湿地水源入口和核心区污染重金属污染严重,湿地的功能分区未能起到实质效果,湿地核心区未得到合理的保护。     

高速铁路声屏障对居民环境影响的试验研究

以三种结构的高速铁路声屏障为研究对象,测量了高速列车通过有声、无声屏障两种状态下8个测点的声压值,并计算各测点等效连续A计权声压和声屏障的隔声量,结合GB3096-2008中规定的环境噪声限值进行声屏障结构对高速铁路周边居民的声环境影响评价。试验分析结果表明:声屏障不同程度改善了居民的声环境;由于试验所用的三种结构的声屏障隔声量离一般设计要求(20~25dB(A))相差太远,使得高速铁路周边环境噪声高于国家标准规定限值;声屏障结构改进应着力提高中低频噪声的隔声量。     

脱硫石膏的综合利用现状

分析了脱硫石膏的化学性质,概述了目前脱硫石膏综合利用现状,列举了一些应用情况较好的企业和科研机构,调研了综合利用各个方向工艺的市场潜力,为国内脱硫石膏的综合利用方向提出建议。     

滨海化工区废水预处理去毒技术耦合工艺研究

化工产业是天津滨海新区重要的支柱产业,该行业废水是滨海污染物控制的主要威胁。针对常规单一方法存在的问题,试验选取滨海某化工区实际废水从内电解-Fenton、内电解-混凝、内电解-超声及微波强化氧化-光催化4种耦合去毒预处理工艺进行了研究。试验表明,与传统方法相比,内电解-Fenton法中H2O2的加入增加了污染物的降解途径,提高了对污染物的去除效率;内电解-混凝法对于制药废水的生物毒性有比较好的去除作用,不加PAM或Ca(OH)2的效果更佳;内电解-超声法对制药废水的生物毒性去除率可达92%,其可生化性提高45%;微波强化氧化-光催化法对大多数难降解物质有效,而对酚类物质降解效果不佳。     

安徽宿州地区石灰岩土壤地球化学特征

为分析宿州地区石灰岩土壤元素地球化学特征,采集了石灰岩土壤样品,进行主、微量元素测试,利用SPSS软件对测试结果进行相关性及主成分分析,并采用富集因子和地累积指数方法对重金属污染程度进行了评价。结果表明:宿州地区石灰岩土壤主要由Si和Ca构成,元素Ca和Th富集明显,Al亏损严重,其他元素基本与背景值相当;重金属元素Pb、Zn、Cr符合国家一级土壤标准,Cu和As在国家一级土壤和二级土壤之间,重金属污染程度为Cu>As>Cr>Zn>Pb>V;元素Ca与V、Zr主要受控于PC1,指示了陆源碎屑的混染;Pb、Sr和As主要受控于PC2,主要受石灰岩风化的影响;PC3包括Zn、Cu、Al,反映了人类农业活动的影响;结合区域背景推断Cu、Zn主要受人类农业活动(肥料)的影响,As可能和皮革、纺织品等人类活动有关。     

露天储煤场防风抑尘集成技术的应用

近年来随着平顶山天安煤业股份有限公司一矿棚户区改造推进,一矿露天储煤场煤尘对周围环境影响较大。为降低其污染,工程采用防风抑尘网、喷水洒水抑尘、地面硬化构成露天储煤场防风抑尘集成技术,并对主要工艺参数进行了优化,运行期监测结果表明该集成技术抑尘率达88.5%,露天储煤场周界外颗粒物无组织排放浓度均低于《煤炭工业污染物排放标准》(GB 20426-2006)中相应标准限值。     

袋式除尘器和旋风除尘器的性能及其应用的比较

文章简要介绍了袋式除尘器和旋风除尘器的产生背景和发展历史,说明了两种除尘器的一般结构和工作原理。重点介绍了袋式除尘器和旋风除尘器的性能及其影响因素,并对两者在实际中的应用做了比较,比较结果显示:旋风除尘器主要优点表现在受含尘气体的浓度、温度限制小,对于粉尘的物理性质无特殊要求;压力损失中等,动力消耗不大,运转、维护费用较低;袋式除尘器的主要优点是除尘效率高,特别是对微细粉尘的处理能达到较为理想的效果。由此分析预测了两种除尘器在中国的应用及其发展趋势。     

News

Western China has lagged a lot in terms of industrial structure and economic development, compared with the national average. And China announced its target of CO₂ emission reduction, i.e. by 2020, CO₂ emission per GDP will drop by 40–45% compared with 2005. The target will be incorporated into China’s long-term industrial planning. Against this background, this paper will make a comprehensive examination of the industrial development of Western China, aiming to discover a green and compatible way. First, we analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of regional industrial structure for the period 2000–2010. Second, we try to discover the industrial structure optimization path for Western China by employing the Vector Auto Regression model. Lastly, we try to provide some advice and suggestions for further industrial development in Western China. Our examination shows that further industrial development in Western China should pay full attention to resource conservation and recycling, and develop on a green and compatible path.     

Evolution of soil fertility and nitrogen/phosphorus leaching risk in protected agriculture of the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau北大核心CSCD

Understanding changes in soil fertility and soil environmental risks in protected agriculture with high irrigation and fertilizer inputs are of great significance for ecological protection. In this study, soil samples in the plow layer were collected from greenhouses >100 acres in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau after different durations of planting time (either ≤ 3, 3-5, 5-10, or 10-20 years) to assess the changing pattern of soil fertility indicators and the potential leaching risk of nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that soil organic matter (OM) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in protected agriculture were 17.1 and 1.3 g/kg, respectively, which suggests moderate content levels. Meanwhile, soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (Olsen-P), and available potassium (AK) contents were 160.9, 72.0, and 191.2 mg/kg, respectively, which suggests abundant content levels. As the number of planting years increased, the contents of soil OM, TN, AN, and Olsen-P increased significantly, especially after 10 years, with 41.6%, 44.2%, 26.5%, and 67.4% increases, respectively, compared to ≤ 3 years. As seen, Olsen-P had the most marked increase. In contrast, soil AK and pH decreased with planting years, and soil AK after 5 years decreased by 32% compared to ≤ 3 years. Moreover, the soil pH value in 3-5 years decreased by 2.3% compared to that of ≤ 3 years. The leaching risk of soil nitrogen and phosphorus was intensified after 10-20 years, and the probability of leaching was 0.74 and 0.84, respectively. This study indicated that, in protected agriculture, soil OM, AN, and Olsen-P contents improved, accompanied by a high risk of N and P loss, and AK and soil pH values decreased. It is recommended that the input of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be controlled, and the input of potassium fertilizer should be increased for more than 10 years of facility cultivation. This study provides a scientific basis for the rational fertilization of agricultural facilities. The findings indicate that after facility planting for 10-20 years, soil organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus significantly increased, yet the leaching risk of nitrogen and phosphorus increased as well, suggesting that the input of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should be controlled. After 3-5 years of planting, soil AK and pH values decreased significantly, implicating that potassium and organic fertilizer should be supplemented in a timely manner. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Acoustic performance of near-rail low-height noise barriers installed on suburban railway bridges

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the large-scale construction of suburban railway viaducts, the noise problem along the viaducts is becoming more and more prominent. Conventional...