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51.
Sandra Vranic Ignacio Garcia-Verdugo Cécile Darnis Jean-Michel Sallenave Nicole Boggetto Francelyne Marano Sonja Boland Armelle Baeza-Squiban 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(5):2761-2770
Because of an increasing exposure to environmental and occupational nanoparticles (NPs), the potential risk of these materials for human health should be better assessed. Since one of the main routes of entry of NPs is via the lungs, it is of paramount importance to further characterize their impact on the respiratory system. Here, we have studied the uptake of fluorescently labeled SiO2 NPs (50 and 100 nm) by epithelial cells (NCI-H292) and alveolar macrophages (MHS) in the presence or absence of pulmonary surfactant. The quantification of NP uptake was performed by measuring cell-associated fluorescence using flow cytometry and spectrometric techniques in order to identify the most suitable methodology. Internalization was shown to be time and dose dependent, and differences in terms of uptake were noted between epithelial cells and macrophages. In the light of our observations, we conclude that flow cytometry is a more reliable technique for the study of NP internalization, and importantly, that the hydrophobic fraction of lung surfactant is critical for downregulating NP uptake in both cell types. 相似文献
52.
Linda K. Medlin Sonja Diercks Sara Beszteri 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2010,46(1):144-152
Medlin, Linda K., Sonja Diercks, and Sara Beszteri, 2010. Mini Review: Probes for Detecting Prymnesium parvum and Preliminary Results From Gene Expression Studies. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(1):144-152. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00398.x Abstract: Prymnesium parvum is common in brackish and marine coastal waters within temperate zones, world-wide. P. parvum forms recurrent blooms causing fish kills in many parts of the world. Harmful blooms are formed in nutrient rich, low salinity lakes, ponds, river systems, or estuaries. Probes made to this species and to the genus Prymnesium have been tested in dot blot and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and used with a solid-phase cytometer using a tyramide signal amplification (TSA) enhanced FISH hybridization to provide a means to identify the cells before blooms develop with automated counting. Field counts from light microscopy have been compared with solid-phase cytometer counts. Additional detection systems, such as biosensors and microarrays, have also been developed to identify rapidly this species without resorting to electron microscopy. Advantages and disadvantages of each detection system are discussed. A study of the genes expressed by P. parvum under environmental conditions that can induce blooms or stress was undertaken to try to understand the ecology behind toxic blooms. 相似文献
53.
Oswald Marinoni Sonja Heyenga Amanda Brigden Ainsley Archer Andrew Higgins 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2012,17(3):315-324
Growing urbanisation causes pressures on many environmental assets such as groundwater systems, waterways, atmosphere, ecosystems
and others. To manage and mitigate the negative effects of these pressures, environmental programs are typically launched,
which comprise of eligible projects in different affected locations. The implementation of individual projects has a cost.
However, due to budget constraints, most frequently not all suggested projects can be implemented which makes necessary to
choose a subset. In this paper, we use a cost utility approach and a subsequent combinatorial optimisation based on metaheuristics
to determine a project portfolio which returns a maximum aggregated utility while keeping the budget constraint. To ensure
that the mutual exclusiveness of projects at one particular site is guaranteed, we further developed the employed metaheuristics.
We apply this approach within a waterway health program in a river catchment in Brisbane, Australia, and compare its results
to a commonly used selection process that does not involve combinatorial optimisation. We find that the use of combinatorial
optimisation leads to a considerable improvement of the selection process and can help to more effectively allocate environmental
expenditure. 相似文献
54.
Britas Klemens Eriksson Christiaan van Sluis Katrin Sieben Lena Kautsky Sonja Råberg 《Marine Biology》2011,158(4):747-756
We tested the relative strength of direct versus indirect effects of an aquatic omnivore depending on the functional composition
of grazers by manipulating the presence of gastropod and amphipod grazers and omnivorous shrimp in outdoor mesocosms. By selectively
preying upon amphipods and reducing their abundance by 70–80%, omnivorous shrimp favoured the dominance of gastropods. While
gastropods were the main microalgal grazers, amphipods controlled macroalgal biomass in the experiment. However, strong predation
on the amphipod by the shrimp had no significant indirect effects on macroalgal biomass, indicating that when amphipod abundances
declined, complementary feeding by the omnivore on macroalgae may have suppressed a trophic cascade. Accordingly, in the absence
of amphipods, the shrimp grazed significantly on green algae and thereby suppressed the diversity of the macroalgal community.
Our experiment demonstrates direct consumer effects by an omnivore on both the grazer and producer trophic levels in an aquatic
food web, regulated by prey availability. 相似文献
55.
The distribution of triclosan and methyl-triclosan in marine sediments of Barker Inlet, South Australia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fernandes M Shareef A Kookana R Gaylard S Hoare S Kildea T 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(4):801-806
In this work, we investigated the transport and burial of triclosan and its methylated derivative, in surface sediments near the mouth of Barker Inlet in South Australia. The most likely source of this commonly used bactericide to the area is a wastewater outfall discharging at the confluence of the inlet with marine waters. Triclosan was detected in all samples, at concentrations (5-27 μg kg(-1)) comparable to values found in other surface sediments under the influence of marine wastewater outfalls. Its dispersal was closely associated with fine and organic-rich fractions of the sediments. Methyl-triclosan was detected in approximately half of the samples at concentrations <11 μg kg(-1). The occurrence of this compound was linked to both wastewater discharges and biological methylation of the parent compound. Wastewater-borne methyl-triclosan had a smaller spatial footprint than triclosan and was mostly deposited in close proximity to the outfall. In situ methylation of triclosan likely occurs at deeper depositional sites, whereas the absence of methyl-triclosan from shallower sediments was potentially explained by photodegradation of the parent compound. Based on partition equilibrium, a concentration of triclosan in the order of 1 μg L(-1) was estimated in sediment porewaters, a value lower than the threshold reported for harmful effects to occur in the couple of species of marine phytoplankton investigated to date. Methyl-triclosan presents a greater potential for bioaccumulation than triclosan, but the implications of its occurrence to aquatic ecosystem health are difficult to predict given the lack of ecotoxicological data in the current literature. 相似文献
56.
Marcel Hunecke Sonja Haustein Sylvie Grischkat Susanne Bhler 《Journal of environmental psychology》2007,27(4):277-292
In this study, the relevance of psychological variables as predictors of the ecological impact of mobility behavior was investigated in relation to infrastructural and sociodemographic variables. The database consisted of a survey of 1991 inhabitants of three large German cities. In standardized interviews attitudinal factors based on the theory of planned behavior, further mobility-related attitude dimensions, sociodemographic and infrastructural characteristics as well as mobility behavior were measured. Based on the behavior measurement the ecological impact of mobility behavior was individually assessed for all participants of the study. In a regression analysis with ecological impact as dependent variable, sociodemographic and psychological variables were the strongest predictors, whereas infrastructural variables were of minor relevance. This result puts findings of other environmental studies into question which indicate that psychological variables only influence intent-oriented behavior, whereas impact-oriented behavior is mainly determined by sociodemographic and household variables. The design of effective intervention programs to reduce the ecological impact of mobility behavior requires knowledge about the determinants of mobility-related ecological impact, which are primarily the use of private motorized modes and the traveled distances. Separate regression analyses for these two variables provided detailed information about starting points to reduce the ecological impact of mobility behavior. 相似文献
57.
Occurrences and potential risks of 16 fragrances in five German sewage treatment plants and their receiving waters 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ursula Klaschka Peter Carsten von der Ohe Anne Bschorer Sonja Krezmer Manfred Sengl Marion Letzel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(4):2456-2471
Fragrances are used in a wide array of everyday products and enter the aquatic environment via wastewater. While several musk compounds have been studied in detail, little is known about the occurrence and fate of other fragrances. We selected 16 fragrance compounds and scrutinized their presence in Bavarian sewage treatment plants (STP) influents and effluents and discussed their ecological risks for the receiving surface waters. Moreover, we followed their concentrations along the path in one STP by corresponding time-related water sampling and derived the respective elimination rates in the purification process. Six fragrance substances (OTNE, HHCB, lilial, acetyl cedrene, menthol, and, in some grab samples, also methyl-dihydrojasmonate) could be detected in the effluents of the investigated sewage treatment plants. The other fragrances under scrutiny were only found in the inflow and were eliminated in the purification process. Only OTNE and HHCB were found in the receiving surface waters of the STP in congruent concentrations, which exceeded the preliminary derived environmental thresholds by a factor of 1.15 and 1.12, respectively, indicating potential risks. OTNE was also detected in similar concentration ranges as HHCB in muscles and livers of fish from surface waters and from ponds that are supplied with purified wastewater. The findings show that some fragrance compounds undergo high elimination rates, whereas others—not only musks—are present in receiving surface water and biota and may present a risk to local aquatic biota. Hence, our results suggest that the fate and potential effects of fragrance compounds in the aquatic environment deserve more attention. 相似文献
58.
Ecological parameters and disinfection effect of low-temperature laundering in hospitals in Slovenia
Brigita Altenbaher Sonja Šostar Turk Sabina Fijan 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(2-3):253-258
The aim of this research was to determine the influence of laundering procedures on the ecological parameters of wastewater and the electric energy consumption. Laundering procedures were simulated in a laboratory washing machine and the parameters temperature, duration and concentration of disinfection agents were varied until the optimal conditions were found for low-temperature laundering while achieving an appropriate disinfection effect with peroxyacetic acid and minimal damages to the textiles. The disinfection effect was determined using standard bioindicators Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes and Candida albicans. The optimal low-temperature laundering procedure at 40 °C was then evaluated according to the Slovenian regulations for wastewater reuse and the toxicity of the wastewater on activated sludge as well as the wastewater biodegradability were determined. It was found that an optimal low-temperature laundering procedure at 40 °C decreased the energy consumption while reaching an adequate disinfection effect with somewhat higher dosages of chemicals and with lower damages to the textiles due to lower washing temperatures. The wastewater was found to have a certain level of pollution and was biodegradable and can therefore be treated using biological treatment. 相似文献
59.
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