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Tracing the geographic origin of traded leopard body parts in the indian subcontinent with DNA‐based assignment tests
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Samrat Mondol Vanjulavalli Sridhar Prasanjeet Yadav Sanjay Gubbi Uma Ramakrishnan 《Conservation biology》2015,29(2):556-564
Illicit trade in wildlife products is rapidly decimating many species across the globe. Such trade is often underestimated for wide‐ranging species until it is too late for the survival of their remaining populations. Policing this trade could be vastly improved if one could reliably determine geographic origins of illegal wildlife products and identify areas where greater enforcement is needed. Using DNA‐based assignment tests (i.e., samples are assigned to geographic locations), we addressed these factors for leopards (Panthera pardus) on the Indian subcontinent. We created geography‐specific allele frequencies from a genetic reference database of 173 leopards across India to infer geographic origins of DNA samples from 40 seized leopard skins. Sensitivity analyses of samples of known geographic origins and assignments of seized skins demonstrated robust assignments for Indian leopards. We found that confiscated pelts seized in small numbers were not necessarily from local leopards. The geographic footprint of large seizures appeared to be bigger than the cumulative footprint of several smaller seizures, indicating widespread leopard poaching across the subcontinent. Our seized samples had male‐biased sex ratios, especially the large seizures. From multiple seized sample assignments, we identified central India as a poaching hotspot for leopards. The techniques we applied can be used to identify origins of seized illegal wildlife products and trade routes at the subcontinent scale and beyond. 相似文献
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Manikandan Dinesh Babu Arumugam Manikandan Veeran Srinivasan Sridhar Arun Krishnasamy Sekar Rajkumar Perumalsamy Balaji Ramasamy Thirumurugan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(26):33927-33941
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nanotechnology tends to be a swiftly growing field of research that actively influences and inhibits the growth of bacteria/cancer. Noble metal... 相似文献
24.
Water quality and phytoplankton characteristics in the Palk Bay, southeast coast of India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sridhar R Thangaradjou T Kumar SS Kannan L 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2006,27(3):561-566
The present study was carried out to determine the water quality in terms of physicochemical characteristics and plankton distribution in the coastal waters of Kattumavadi, Palk Bay for a period of one year from April 2002 to March 2003. Air and surface water temperatures varied from 28 degrees C to 32.50 degrees C and from 27.5 to 32.0 degrees C while light extinction coefficient (LEC) varied between 0.95 and 1.85. Salinity ranged from 26.0 to 34.5 per thousand and the pH ranged between 7.95 and 8.35. Variation in dissolved oxygen content was from 4.15 to 7.18 ml(-1), and the particulate organic carbon (POC) content varied between 0.49 and 2.28 mgCl(-1). Concentrations of nutrients viz. nitrate (2.15 to 8.28 microM), nitrite (0.12 to 0.62 microM), inorganic phosphate (1.28 to 2.15 microM) and reactive silicate (5.15 to 12.52 microM) also varied independently. Chlorophyll a content ranged from 0.28 to 1.48 mg m(-3) and the primary productivity, from 4.19 to 16.08 mgCm(-3) hr(-1). The present study recorded a total of 43 species of planktonic diatoms and two species of blue-green algae. Population density of phytoplankton varied from 18,000 to 34,000 cells l(-1). Percentage composition, of the diatoms showed minimum values during the monsoon season and the maximum values during the premonsoon season. 相似文献
25.
Ananda K Sridhar KR 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2001,22(4):283-286
On decomposing mangrove leaves and woods collected from west coast of India, a new species of Aniptodera was encountered. Aniptodera indica sp. nov. differs from other members of the genus, as the ascospores possess single polar appendage. This new species is described, illustrated and compared with closely resembling species: Aniptodera chesapeakensis and A. juncicola. 相似文献
26.
Rao JV Begum G Sridhar V Reddy NC 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2005,40(6):813-825
Subacute studies of monocrotophos [Dimethyl (E)-1-methyl-2-(methyl-carbamoyl) vinyl phosphate] on mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis, were carried out in vivo for 24 days to assess the locomotor behavior, structural integrity of gill, and targeted enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC: 3.1.1.7) interactions. Monocrotophos (MCP) can be rated as moderately toxic to G. affinis, with a median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of 20.49 +/- 2.45 mgL(-1). The fish exposed to sublethal concentration of LC(10) (7.74 mgL(-1)) were under stress and altered their locomotor behavior, such as distance traveled per unit time (m min(-1)) and swimming speed (cm sec(-1)) with respect to the length of exposure. Inhibition in the activity of brain AChE and deformities in the primary and secondary lamellae of gill may have resulted in failure of exchange of gases. The maximum inhibition of 95% of AChE activity was observed on days 20 and 24.Morphological aberrations in the gills were also studied during exposure to the sublethal concentration of monocrotophos for a period ranging from 8 to 24 days. The extent of damage in gill was dependent on the duration of exposure. The findings revealed that inhibition in brain AChE activity and structural alteration in gill were responsible for altering the locomotor behavior of exposed fish. 相似文献
27.
T. A. Odeshi G. R. E. E. Ana M. K. C Sridhar A. O. Olatunji A. F. Abimbola 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2014,36(4):755-764
Trace metal concentrations were determined in particulate matter (PM10) in ambient air of four purposively selected residential areas in Ibadan, Nigeria namely Bodija market (BM), Ojo Park (OP), Oluyole Estate (OE) and University of Ibadan (UI). PM10 was determined in the morning (7–10 a.m.) and afternoon (2–5 p.m.) for 12 weeks in the dry season months of January–March using a volumetric sampler following standard procedures and levels compared with WHO guideline limits. Glass-fibre filter papers exposed to the particulate matter were digested using appropriate acid mixtures, and the digest analysed for trace metals including Ni, Cr, Mn, Zn, and Pb using ICPMS method and levels compared with WHO limits. Data was analysed using ANOVA and Pearson correlation test at 5 % level of significance. The highest mean PM10 concentrations 502.3 ± 39.9 μg/m3 were recorded in the afternoon period at BM, while the lowest concentration 220.6 ± 69.9 μg/m3 was observed in the morning hours at UI. There was a significant difference between the PM10 levels across the various locations (p < 0.05), and all the levels were higher than WHO limit of 50 μg/m3. The highest levels of Ni, Zn and Pb were recorded at BM, which also had the highest PM10 burden. The trend in Pb levels across the locations was BM > UI > OP > OE with the highest level 5.70 μg/m3 in BM nearly fourfolds WHO limits of 1.5 μg/m3. There was a significant correlation between PM10 and Ni (p < 0.05).Urban communities with increased human activities especially motor traffic recorded both higher levels of PM10 and toxic trace metals. There is need to carry out source apportionment to establish the origin of these trace metals in future studies. 相似文献
28.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon burden in ambient air in selected Niger Delta communities in Nigeria
Ana GR Sridhar MK Emerole GO 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2012,62(1):18-25
The Niger Delta area in Nigeria has major oil producing and refining centers that characterized enormous industrial activities, especially in the petroleum sector. These industrial processes release different kinds of atmospheric pollutants, of which there is paucity of information on their levels and health implications. The objective of this study was to determine the ambient levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in communities of a local government area (Eleme) where oil wells, petrochemical installations, a refinery, and a fertilizer complex are located. Respirable particulate matter (PM) in air were collected using Anderson high-volume sampler with PM with aerodynamic diameter > 10 microm (PM10) inlet for collecting filterable, particle-bound PAHs according to standard methods. PAHs were analyzed following standard methods for the 16 World Health Organization (WHO) prioritized components. The results were compared against the levels in another local government area (Ahoada East) with low industrial presence. The average total PAH concentration in Eleme of 9.2 microg/m3 was among the highest in the world; by contrast, the average concentration in Ahoada East was only 0.17 ng/m3. The most prominent PAHs at Eleme were those known to be carcinogenic and included benzo(a)pyrene (1.6 x 10(4) ng/m3 at bubu), benzo(k)fluoranthene (2.4 x 10(4) ng/m3 at Akpajo where a petrochemical is located), pyrene (3.1 x 10(3) ng/m3 at Ogale), and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (9.1 x 10(3) ng/m3 at Akpajo). Data from this study emphasize the need for a comprehensive source apportionment study and an assessment of the health effects of oil production on local communities of Nigeria where no such information currently exists. 相似文献
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From Bathymetry to Bioshields: A Review of Post-Tsunami Ecological Research in India and its Implications for Policy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nibedita Mukherjee Farid Dahdouh-Guebas Vena Kapoor Rohan Arthur Nico Koedam Aarthi Sridhar Kartik Shanker 《Environmental management》2010,46(3):329-339
More than half a decade has passed since the December 26th 2004 tsunami hit the Indian coast leaving a trail of ecological,
economic and human destruction in its wake. We reviewed the coastal ecological research carried out in India in the light
of the tsunami. In addition, we also briefly reviewed the ecological research in other tsunami affected countries in Asia
namely Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand and Maldives in order to provide a broader perspective of ecological research after
tsunami. A basic search in ISI Web of Knowledge using keywords “tsunami” and “India” resulted in 127 peer reviewed journal
articles, of which 39 articles were pertaining to ecological sciences. In comparison, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand and Maldives
had, respectively, eight, four, 21 and two articles pertaining to ecology. In India, bioshields received the major share of
scientific interest (14 out of 39) while only one study (each) was dedicated to corals, seagrasses, seaweeds and meiofauna,
pointing to the paucity of research attention dedicated to these critical ecosystems. We noted that very few interdisciplinary
studies looked at linkages between pure/applied sciences and the social sciences in India. In addition, there appears to be
little correlation between the limited research that was done and its influence on policy in India. This review points to
gap areas in ecological research in India and highlights the lessons learnt from research in other tsunami-affected countries.
It also provides guidance on the links between science and policy that are required for effective coastal zone management. 相似文献
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Stuckey JW Neaman A Ravella R Komarneni S Martínez CE 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):12-16
This is the first test of a highly charged swelling mica's (Na-2-mica) ability to reduce the plant-absorbed Cu in Cu-contaminated soils from Chile. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was grown in two acid soils (Sector 2: pH 4.2, total Cu = 172 mg Cu kg−1 and Sector 3: pH 4.2, total Cu = 112 mg Cu kg−1) amended with 0.5% and 1% (w/w) mica, and 1% (w/w) montmorillonite. At 10 weeks of growth, both mica treatments decreased the shoot Cu of ryegrass grown in Sector 2 producing shoot Cu concentrations above 21-22 mg Cu kg−1 (the phytotoxicity threshold for that species), yet the mica treatments did not reduce shoot Cu concentrations when grown in Sector 3, which were at a typical level. The mica treatments improved shoot growth in Sector 3 by reducing free and extractable Cu to low enough levels where other nutrients could compete for plant absorption and translocation. In addition, the mica treatments improved root growth in both soils, and the 1% mica treatment reduced root Cu in both soils. This swelling mica warrants further testing of its ability to assist re-vegetation and reduce Cu bioavailability in Cu-contaminated surface soils. 相似文献